Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The climate in the whole of its parameters such as temperature, humidity, radiation, and precipitation, plays a fundamental role in agricultural production systems in tropical regions, whereas it is through the climate system that occurs incoming and outgoing energy in the productive environment, providing capacity for production. The climatic characteristics presented in a particular locality, besides becoming a factor of spatial differentiation that print qualities to the environment, can be elements to facilitate production, and are incorporated into the productive process in form of aagricultural input increasing and generating values in productivity. This way, the objective of this study is to address the importance of rainfall as representative elements of the climate in a discussion in the perspective of Geography of Climate, stirring a debate over the development of a conceptual value for this, from involvement it in the productive process at the head of different social groups. The research was supported in a review of theoretical literature on the influence of climate on agriculture, and in the analysis and comparison of data on rainfall and the production and productivity of upland rice in the municipality of Jataí in southwest of Goiás between the years 1978 and 2006. It was also sustained in the hypothesis that the climate has value that can be quantified and qualified through the variable rainfall, and that this value is formed by the significance and influence of it in the production process, therefore, viewed as value of use and value of existence. In the development of the study, was found that the variation in productivity of upland rice is directly related to the variability and distribution of rainfall throughout the productive period, which is therefore a limiting factor of production. It was also found that the degree of variability in production compared to rainfall variability, also depends on the intensity and use of technological apparatus of agricultural production among different population groups according to their economic relations and socio-cultural factors in the process of occupying the space, and for this, the value of climate is given from the intensity of dependency relationships established between individuals and the natural physical environment.

This thesis analyzed the agricultural modernization and socio-spatial transformations in Goias State, in the period 1930 to 2007. This research intended to highlight the agricultural development model from the process of modernization and its impact on regional development. The characteristics of specialization and concentration of agricultural production were studied to explain the socio-spatial inequalities and agricultural production in regions from Goias state. The evidence presented has given several conclusions. The state was the main architect that led the social, economic and spatial transformations in Goias state. The modernization of agriculture in Goias was partial and selective. The process happened differently and at different intensities by product, by categories of producers and regions of the state. The model of agricultural development was implemented aiming the modernization large farms to produce products of interest to agribusiness and export markets, generating strong concentration of production and agricultural inequalities, such as land concentration. In the period analyzed there has been no important public policies to alter the unequal distribution of land. Considering economic perspective, most benefited regions were the Center and South`s mesoregions and the microregions of Sudoeste de Goiás, Vale do Rio dos Bois, Meia Ponte, Catalão and Pires do Rio. The social sectors preferred were the biggest owners of land situated these regions, in which was implanted the main support structures for public policy development. Socio-spatial inequalities in regional development are heavily concentrated in Southern and Central of Goias state. Especially in the Sudoeste de Goiás´s microregion, the degrees of specialization and concentration of agricultural production associated with the industrialization of agriculture determine the current characteristics of its agribusiness in the globalized capitalist basis.

Leishmaniasis is a infect parasitic disease complex with a zoonotic character and vetorial trasmition caused by different morfologic species similar to flagellated protozoa of the Leishmania genus. They represent a serious problem of public health with cases registered on almost all the continents. Despite the existence of drugs with effective action on the parasitics, nearly two million new cases of distints clinic form happen every year and 350 million people are under risk of contracting the disease. As the interest of the pharmaceutical industry in this problem is small because of the reduced potential of lucrative return, once the reached population has a low income, the leishmaniasis is part of the group of the neglected diseases. In addition, it is believed that the environmental transformations and the man's intense migratory process to peripheries of the cities under inadequate conditions of habitation and improvement caused changes in the transmission way of the disease, causing the expansion of the endemic areas and the existence of new focus in urban areas of municipalities of medium and big load. In Uberlândia studies demonstrated that the construction of hydroelectric power station produced ecological modifications and they interfered in the biological communities, like the prevalence of the vectors in the peridomicile area. The general objective of this work was the research around the transmission of leishmaniasis in Uberlândia - MG and had as specific objectives the study of the sandfly fauna, the environmental conditions related to the presence of the Lutzomyia longipalpis, to describe the profile seroepidemiologic of the canine population and to relate the occurrence of the visceral leishmaniase in Uberlândia with the environmental alterations. In the period of february of 2005 to december of 2007 systematized monthly collections were accomplished, using luminous traps models CDC and, in the peridomicile areas of residences closed to the woods, the trap of the type hut of Shannon was used, in 17 places to Araguaia river s margins near of Miranda's hydroelectric power station and Amador Aguiar Naves I and II. They were collected 1.695 phlebotomine sand flies specimens belonging to 16 species. The species of importance epidemic more prevalent were Lutzomyia whitmani (31%) and L. longipalpis (13,3%), reaching up to 44,3% of the total collected specimens. Inquiries canine were accomplished in animals of both sexes and the same or superior age to three months, residents in places of the study area where specimens of L. longipalpis were captured. During the study period 747 dogs were tested and no one showed acting result for the disease. Of the ecological factors analyzed in the study area, the presence of animal shelters in the peridomicile areas of the analyzed residences showed strong influence in the domiciliation of the L. longipalpis and they point for the domiciliation of L. whitmani. Our studies demonstrated although the occurrence of the first case human of human visceral leishmaniase in Uberlândia didn't proceed to the cases of canine leishmaniase. Now the leishmaniase already constitutes a problem of public health in the municipality and the epidemic study is decisive factor for the effective planning of strategies for the control of the disease.

This research examines the public policy of regionalization of tourism in Brazil, developed during the presidential campaign of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva in 2002. In January 2003, with the elected president, was created the Ministry of Tourism (Tourism Ministry), and soon after, was implanted, in its planning, the National Tourism Plan, aiming to enhance regional diversities with the creation of tourist regions. Thus, this research has its consequences in the case study of micro region of Quirinópolis in Goias State, however, the discussion is not limited to the national reality, so this also brings the Algarve Region in Portugal, a comparative parameter for analysis, it is not the longer experience of this investigation, but a space with more tourist density historically. In Brazil, public policies developed and applied at regional perspective subtract places relegating them to the hierarchies, especially urban areas. In the country of Goias, we ask if not the case for encourage public policies of tourism committed to these tourist places and with the social network that exercise the role of manager of the tourist attractions. We highlight in the area that tourism needs social subjects able to negotiate a social inclusion project that think the places associated to the region. We consider the urban network as a possibility for organization of tourism in the country of Goias, but it is necessary to create mechanisms to guarantee the democratization of access to public resources. This issue raised was permeated by the possibilities of visualizing if the central power talk to the articulated local subjects with the State project focused on tourism. As for ways of building the research, three steps were essential: the fieldwork, the documentary research and the office work. From this route, set up the chapters of this research: 1st The Region in the Perspective of State Policies on Tourism , 2nd The micro region of Quirinópolis and the Genesis of Sport and Tourism in Cities , 3rd Public Policies and Organizational Networks linking the tourist sites of the Lower Paranaíba Goiano , 4th Proposal for the Creation of Tourist Destinations between Lake St. Simon and Lagoa Santa in the Lower Paranaíba Goiano , the latest, 5th Transformations and Evolution in Public Policy Tourism in Portugal: comparing the maturity of Europe with the study area in Brazil . Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to examine the recent public policy of the regionalization of tourism in Goias, appreciating how the modern State acts answering the soci-spatial demands and how these state policy arrive and they are understood by the different social subjects in the country places. In this case, it is important to understand how the actions, the sensitization, the forced sociabilities, the challenges, the values and the alliances that are present in these mosaic of places and how they articulate with the initiatives of the State, establishing networks and strengthening relationships between public and private local and regional companies .

An analysis of waste management practices in the City of Araguari is carried out. All actors and facilities of the reverse logistics chain are identified, and their respective activities are described. Existing waste disposal procedures by the public administration are discussed. The flow of waste in the city is completely defined. The objective of the study is to develop a waste management scheme that can move Araguari to a Zero Waste situation within a timeframe of 15 years. The scheme is based on general concepts provided by the Zero Waste International Alliance and on specific policies used by other cities that pursue the same goal. All existing infrastructure is incorporated into the scheme, and the financial burden on the administration is minimized. The proposed scheme stimulates the participation of private enterprises, details the required progress over the period with the corresponding targets and their verification, and is meant to be transformed into a municipal by-law in order to become effective. This is a pioneering endeavor in Brazilian municipalities.

The soils can act as a source or carbon sink to the atmosphere, depending on the climate conditions and, especially, the type of use and management adopted. Taking into consideration the stock/sequestration carbon potential, admittedly, attributed to several land uses, as in planted forests (Pinus and Eucaliptus), and no-till areas, as well as the efficiency in stocking C in the soils under pastures, is the objective of this research: the reforestation (REF), the annual irrigated cultivation (CAI); the direct plantation (PDI); the coffee (CAF), sugarcane (CAN), improved pasture (PME) and degraded pasture (PDE), in comparison to cerrado s natural vegetation, more specifically the vegetation type named Cerrado/Cerradão (CER), that s the typical vegetation, which is inserted to Araguari s river (MG state), to the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The river basin of Araguari River, located in the mesoregion of Triângulo and Alto Paranaíba, west portion of Minas Gerais State it s located among the geographic coordinates 18º 20 and 20º 10 latitude South and 46º 00 and 48º 50' longitude West from Greenwich, occupying an area of about 20.186 km², covering part of 20 municipalities. The results of the research showed that the agriculture and livestock have a high potential to stock C in the soil. The average C stock from different land uses, presented in Rio Araguari s river basin, varied from 34,63 Mg C ha-1 to 49,64 Mg C ha-1 in 0-20 cm depth, values related to the average of degraded pasture (PDE) and annual irrigated plantation (CAI), respectively. To 20-40 cm depth, the lower estimate observed also belongs to PDE, with about 27,51 Mg C ha-1, in which the highest value estimated is related to the average of C stocks present in the coffee areas (CAF). The areas of CER, that represent the reference system of this research, present values from 38,05 Mg C ha-1 to 0-20 cm depth, and 26,80 Mg C ha-1, to 20-40 cm. It was verified that Century model simulated in a satisfactory way the C stock of the uses evaluated (PME, PDE and CAN), once that, the C values measured in field were very similar to those estimated by the model. Therefore, based on the simulation, the use which presented a larger C stocking potential in the soil until the year of 2100 was the PME PME (66,99 Mg C ha-1). The land use and vegetation cover allowed the quantification of different categories of uses in Rio Araguari s river basin, distributed, to their of 1973 and 2009, as follows: Cerradão/Forest (16,89 % in 1973 and 12,70 % in 2009); Cerrado (7,26 % in 1973 and 1,67 % in 2009); Dry Grassland (52,60 % in 1973 and 19,50 % in 2009); Grassland (8,59 % in 1973 and 5,71 % in 2009); Reforestation (0,90 % in 1973 and 3,52 % in 2009); Pasture (10,55 % in 1973 and 29,73 % in 2009); Annual Plantation (2,39 % in 1973 and 19,40 % in 2009); Sugarcane (2,48 % in 2009); Annual Irrigated Plantation (1,66 % in 2009); Perennial Plantation Coffee (0,18 % in 2009); Mineral Influence (0,06 % in 2009); Urban Influence (0,53 in 1973 and 1,02 % in 2009); Water (0,30 % in 1973 and 2,35 % in 2009). From the basin s total área (in 2009), more than 60% are occupied by anthropic use, among these, 29,73% are destined to livestock, which is the predominant economic activity in the area. In 1973, the stocked carbon in the soil was from, the most part of it, natural vegetation, a sum of 34,8 Tg C (almost 50% from the total estimative of C) of over 71,0 Tg C estimated. In 2009, the opposite was verified, the most part of the stocked C happened through anthropic use (49,57 Tg C), with a bigger contribution from annual plantations under direct plantation system, almost 19 Tg C, while the stocked C through natural vegetation corresponds to 29,71 Tg C. Some change simulations of the land use were done from 2009 until 2100, highlighting the conversion of the areas under PDE to CAN, and the recovery of PDE s areas, reducing them to less of than 1% of the total basin area, the impact of these modifications totaled more than 16 Tg of C stocked in the soil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Doutor em Geografia

The study of lateritic profiles has contributed to improve current knowledge on the evolution of residuals plateaus, a common form of relief found in tropical landscapes, being an object of intense debate in several geomorphological studies fora. It is classified, in geomorphologic maps of the Brazilian Federal District, as Pediplains and Etchplains. This thesis presents a morphologic, chemical, mineralogic and micromorphological study of a lateritic profile located in a plateau in the northern area of the Federal District. Its findings led to the differentiation of seven horizons are associated to the dismantlement of the lateritic cuirasse. The solum in the area studied derives from the weathering of the deepest horizons, thus characterizing an in situ evolution. The presence of pedorelics and lithorelics in the deepest horizons shows the evolution of the lateritic profile from the massive courace. The structure of microaggregates in superficial horizons evolves from biological activity in horizons marked by massive structures. The mineralogic evolution of the profile (base to the top) is compatible with the decrease of haematite and the corresponding gain of goethite, as well as with desilication and gain of gibbsita. The geomorphological model that best applies to such lateritic profile is Etchplanation, as it portrays the evolution of relief in tropical climate conditions, favoring the evolution of a horizon with iron accumulation that, after dehydration (climate change towards drier conditions), positions itself on soil surface as a massive courasse, making the relief plain; after degradation, it evolves to the formation of latossoils.

This thesis proposes na Environmental Zoning of watershed under the perspective of the landscape, the Geography category of analysis, adopting as studied area the River Basin of Formiga River in the state of Tocantins. This Basin covers the land area of the municipalities of Ipueiras, Santa Rosa do Tocantins, Silvanópolis and Pindorama do Tocantins. It also brings an opportunity for discussion the methodological application of the current geotechnologies and the adoption of the river basin, a reflex of the landscape dynamics, as an analysis cell. The methodology applied follows the guidelines recommended by Crepani et. all.(2001) and it determines for the area Natural Landscape Units classified according to its stability/environmental vulnerability. From these units, we performed thematic crosses in Spring/INPE software through Spatial Language for Algebraic GIS and we performed zoning for the area. We did the zoning of the basin in areas of Critical Environmental Landscape (according to the Forest Cod and Conama No. 303), which are areas that preserve or should be preserved as permanent preservation areas and riparian areas considered hilltops and thus they have legal impediment human occupation. As detected, APP areas with uses are incompatible and must be recovered and destined to preservation. There were also certain areas determinate as areas of Consolidated Productive Landscape classified according to stability/environmental vulnerability. Thus, we have 113,78 km² of basin area classified as Stable; 1.171,73 km² of moderately stable areas; areas classified as Moderately Stable/Vulnerable represent 362,80 km² of the area; and, finally, Vulnerable areas occupy only 22 km² of the basin area, representing only 1% of the total area. We didn t do the zoning of Vulnerable Consolidated Productive Landscape for the river basin of Formiga River. These areas are configured by an incompatibility between polygons of anthropic action and natural stability/vulnerability of the basin.

Objects of desire in the twentieth century, motorcycles are today subject of risk due to the increase of the fleet followed by the increase of peoples purchasing power and also the increase of shortcomings public transport. This study aimed to identify the risk of accidents and fatalities among motorcyclists in Uberlândia, MG, and their own perception of risk, considering the type of motorcycle used, whether for leisure, work or transport. We used three instruments to collect data with identification variables, behavior and perception of risk to the subjects. Of 209 interviewed done in 2005, 132 were followed for 24 months between 2005 and 2007, by telephone, and 86 of them also responded to an interview about his own perception of risk in 2007. The results show that there are differences in risk between the three types of motorcycle uses for variables such as age, religion, education, marital status, use of safety equipment, kilometers run per month, ethnicity, profession, alcohol use, number of leisure hours per week, personal income and the to engine capacity of the motorcycle CC ( cubic centimeters). In risk perception of the motorcycle driverss, they point to a fragility of law enforcement, blaming others for risk behaviors in which they get envolved. We conclude that public policy should consider the traffic is made by and for people, so they should guide its interventions taking account the plurality of human subjects.

Universidade Estadual de Goiás

The region of medium São Francisco river holds a lot of evidences of the Quaternary landscape genesis and evolution, that can be observed in the areas where there are the formation of agradation reliefs forms, by means of extensive sand sheets, as occur in the low course of Grande river, one of its mainly tributary. The low course of this river is located in a relief unit called of São Francisco Depression, rounded by degradation relief forms, called of São Francisco Plateau, São Francisco/Tocantins Landing Plateau, Tabatinga Plateau and Espinhaço Mountains. A part of the material eroded in degradation zones, was deposited in research place, which holds an area of the 7.504Km2, that correspond to 1,2% of the São Francisco basin. The research area is located in Bahia northwest. The sediments where transported and deposited by colluvial and alluvial action, which had originated sediment deposits, that came from a lot of sedimentation fronts, forming the Grand River Alluvial Flat Land, Preto River Alluvial Fan, Curralim River Alluvial Flat Land and Mansidão Alluvial Flat Land. The sand sheet was formed by the coalescence of sedimentation fronts. It is necessary to mention that this sediments where reworked by wind action during dry climate periods and more intensity of winds. The formation of these unconsolidated deposits occurred according to a climatic fluctuation during the Quaternary, when the semi-arid climate had predominated, in the time of last glaciations event. But other climates fluctuations had occurred in Pleistocene and Holocene, both before and after this deposition, with some time more cold or hot and dry or wet. In the landscape, the response of the fluctuations where printed as different soil classes, kind of relief forms and characteristics of the sediments deposits. The dating work allowed identification of ages between 21Ky BP (±2,7) and 0,88Ky BP (±0,04), that corresponds to the paleo-geographic interval occurred since the Last Glacial Maximum until the Short Ice Age. During the phase that corresponds to Superior Pleistocene and Inferior Holocene, there were deposits expansions by means of alluvial action, and at the end of the Pleistocene there were the begin of erosion process intensification and a consequent formation of the mainly fluvial channels, caused by a shift climate, which were more wet, and had reflections in fluvial patterns, ending the time of intensive braided channels. The following phase, that corresponds the Medium and Superior Holocene, was marked by climatic fluctuations of short duration, and the climate use to variety between dry and more wet. The response was phases with aeolian work, culminating in the formation of deflation process (pans), and phases when the erosion was intensified. Part of the soil that composes the research area has its genesis linked to older process then the interval ages identified in this research, because they are classified as allochthonous Oxisols and Ferrasols, with genesis associated to physical and chemical changes in the deposits. But the most part of the soils are represented by Arenossols, formed during the last glacial period. At the end, it is necessary to detach that the research area is formed by approximately 67.680x106m3 of sediments, and it is necessary to have a lot of care in the local soil management, what will keeps the deposits stabilized. In the other hand, the siltation in the São Francisco River will be intensified.

This PhD thesis (IG/UFU) is result of studies and research such as the community mobilization, as strategy of Healthy Promotion, in the control of Aedes and dengue prevention, through the contributions of ovitraps and the Brigade of Environmental Agents Mirins, District Martinésia, Uberlândia (MG), Brazil, can make a difference in the quality of people life. Dengue is one of the most important arboviruses affecting humans and constitutes a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions, depending on environmental conditions (°C and mm) and inappropriate behavior of people incorrectly accumulating water in breeding. Dengue is an infectious disease caused by the Flavivirus virus, which can be transmitted by two species (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The ovitrampa is a trap adapted artificial black flowers in pots of 500 ml, with no holes in the bottom, with a palette of Eucatex immersed in water up to half, where females made oviposition, installed and monitored in 21 blocks, mapping and detecting early presence of Aedes, in all seasons, totaling 3091 eggs. The predominant were Aedes albopictus (80%), Aedes aegypti (5%) and Culex (15%), depending on the environmental conditions of the District (rural), urbanization and afforestation of each block. To accomplish this set of activities with input from students and staff of the Municipal School Antonino Martins da Silva , it took a total of approximately, 184 and 860 hours shifts. These displacements were necessary to perform a set of 27 activities in three modes (with the School in the School, the School District and outside the School District). Community mobilization allowed to permeate the social intercultural relationships with and among residents, especially with students and teachers that led some content in the classroom and perform activities differently. Therefore, we believe that the school is not separated from other environmental relationships, which make up the different areas of knowledge and practices, subjects who took over the time and everywhere. This confirms the idea of health promotion in the design setting Communication and Health , held by Russian linguist Mikhail Bakhtin, who proposed the concept of polyphony , ie, that communication should be viewed not only as information transmission, but as a production process and new meanings of social meanings, embodying the propositions advocated the importance of practicing health promotion, while according to Public Policy which was endorsed in 1986, the Ottawa Charter (Ottawa, Canada) Health Promotion that corresponds to a set of processes of empowering communities to work improving their quality of life, reinforcing the importance of greater participation of the individual in his social group as control and empowerment of this process.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The main objective of this study was to generate a model of susceptibility to the occurrence of gullies using parameters of the permanent physical environment. For the generation of this model, relevant parameters were chosen, which believe explain the occurrence of gullies, which were assigned values according to their influence on the erosion process. The following parameters were analyzed: slope, forms the slopes, soil and land use, which are represented by means of thematic maps were combined resulting in the final product which is the susceptibility map of the occurrence of gullies in Vai Vem River Basin (Ipameri / GO). These parameters were determined based on relevant literature and field work. The proposed methodology for the generation of this model of susceptibility to the occurrence of gullies was based on the use of ArcGIS 9.2, which allowed the creation of a database where the stored maps, images, statistical data, allowing the structure and its subsequent analysis. Once formed the basis for spatial data, we proceeded to a weighted correlation with other selected factors, with the ultimate goal, to carrying out a rigorous mapping of susceptibility against the appearance of gullies. For the physical characterization of the Vai Vem River Basin (Ipameri / GO) were used the morphometric analysis that began by ordering the fluvial channels and then the analysis of the geometrical characteristics of the drainage network and hypsometric analysis. It was made a sectorization of the basin using the criteria hydrographic, hypsometric and slope, to identify the differences in the asymmetry in the spatial arrangement of the drainage network. By analyzing the model and its validation in the field allowed to make some observations about the association of local characteristics and the occurrence of gullies.