Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This research aimed to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint of the city\'s inhabitants Araguari-MG, in order to create subsidies to contribute to the process of city planning and micro, suiting local policies and integrating them into the environment and economic growth and development, to prevent or reduce the load on the human surplus local biosphere. We used the Ecological Footprint Tool - easy to understand and apply - as an instrument to measure the degree of sustainability, to measure the \"traces\" left by the inhabitants of the planet and based on their spending habits. The Ecological Footprint of the inhabitants of Araguari-MG in 2010 was 3.34 gha/person, the result of the sum of items relating to footprints: beef, fossil fuels, ethanol, housing, water, solid waste, and wood products paper and electricity. The items were most impressive fossil fuels account for 46% of the city\'s total footprint. The footprint on the electricity and beef represent respectively 38% and 8% of the total Footprint. The calculated value exceeds 1.54 gha/person that is acceptable Footprint of 1.8 gha/person, who represents the area bioproductive that every inhabitant of the planet has available in nature to sustain their consumption patterns and lifestyles, with sustainability. This value was calculated by one of the largest conservation organizations to the global nature, a Global Footprint Network.

The resurgence of some diseases depends on space organization, that is, some areas are more prone to disease occurrence, but the way in which public policies are implemented, may lead to the occurrence of situations propitious to the emergence or resurgence of diseases such as tuberculosis, which has caused great concern to the healthcare industry. Throughout history in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, including the North of Minas Gerais, the lack of implementation of public policies to reduce inequalities and inequities in health and improve the living conditions of the population explains perfectly the persistence of tuberculosis. The main goal of this research was to understand the determining factors in the occurrence of tuberculosis in Northern Minas Gerais, evaluating access to health services and social and spatial conditions of the carriers. The research methodology consisted of documentary and bibliographical, mappings, field observation with questionnaires and interviews with tuberculosis patients on treatment in the municipalities of Montes Claros and Miravânia and interviews with managers of the epidemiology of Health Regional Superintendence of Montes Claros and The Health Regional Management of Januária and Pirapora. The survey results indicate that the higher incidence of tuberculosis in the Northern Minas was in Montes Claros and Miravânia respectively. Montes Claros considered the pole town of The North, having a very significant population growth, which demands expansion of drinking water services; sewage collection and treatment; proper collection and disposal of garbage; expansion of land use; urban drainage and other services necessary for the improvement of the quality of urban life. However all of these services are insufficient and cause loss to users. Miravânia is a predominantly rural municipality with a low purchasing power population, therefore very bad living conditions. The difficult access to basic health services of the population is the main factor which contributes to difficult tuberculosis control in the North of Minas. Anyway, the improvement of the living conditions of the population in the northern region of Minas Gerais will be the main instrument or strategy to fight tuberculosis in the region. Investments in actions such as sanitation, housing quality, employment, income, education and other mechanisms that enable major and lasting social transformation will be essential in this sense.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

All children around the world have the right to a safe environment and protection from accidents and violence (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WHO, 2008a). The traffic will be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2030 and Brazil ranks fifth among the record holders in traffic deaths worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyze traffic accidents involving children from zero to fourteen years old in the city of Uberlândia, in order to support public policies to prevent and reduce these accidents. To achieve the proposed objectives, after authorization given by the command of the 9th Region Integrated of Public Security (9th RISP) and the Minas Gerais 5th Battalion Military of Firefighters, was carried out data collection through police reports of traffic accidents by police and fire departments, cases of children from zero to 14 years old, victims of traffic accidents in the city of Uberlândia in 2010. It was requested from the Department of Nosology of the Uberlândia Federal University Hospital (UFU) the listing of the victims from zero to 14 years old, who were admitted to the hospital due to traffic accidents. We interviewed the parents or caregivers of children victims of traffic accidents after obtained consent, using script interviews with structured and semi-structured questions specially designed for the collection of information. Children victims of non-fatal traffic accidents were also interviewed, after obtained parental consent. Were also interviewed schools representatives in neighborhoods where occurs higher rates of accidents. We identified the conditions of occurrence of accidents, demographic and socioeconomic profile of the victims and the spatial distribution of traffic accidents. The elaboration of territorial diagnostics of living conditions and health situations can lead and facilitate the process of decision-making. It is proposed in this thesis that coping with issues related to traffic accidents are addressed from the perspective of municipal urban planning, traffic and transport, health, education, the driver training system and also the parents and guardians of children.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The following study has as objective the Use of Geotechnology to the Territorial Ordering of Porto Nacional City, in Tocantins State Brazil. The territorial organization of Porto Nacional is known as the North Goiano Golden Cycle, with entrances and expeditions from the South part of Brazil to the North part. The Pará and Maranhão fluvial commerce, the Tocantins River and the Boi Curraleiro Montante, entering from East to West through the western part of Goiás, were historic marks used to orient this investigation. Moreover, with the objective to understand the Tocantins State creation, since the 1988 Brazilian Main Citizens‟ Law and the reduction of Porto Nacional City area, that is given to the capital of the new state, the river becomes a lake with the UHE building, the City wins the rails of the train and the people that used to live by the riverside were moved to another place. We established, as the general objectives thesis to analyze the evolution of the territorial ordering of Porto Nacional City, through the use of Geotechnologies. Thus, we have confirmed the hypothesis that: Geotechnology is an important tool to Government, to use in the Territorial Ordering Planning by public employee that work on this area. The methodology used to orient this piece of research started from careful methods and techniques literature review, the application of physic-territorial analysis and the use of Geotechnology. This work basis is centered on data from the Federal, the State and the City management organization. During the study it was done a temporal analysis in each five years from 1980 to 2013. It was done using the images from the sensor Multispectral Scanner Subsystem Landsat 2 and from the sensor Thematic Mapper Landsat 5 and 8, and from maps of previous classification and topographic letters, facilitating thus the soil use and occupation characteristics class analysis. During the laboratory work it was done the images classification. The SPRING Software (versions 5.0.5 and 5.1.8) from INPE was the chosen tool because through the use of this it was possible to build a data bank, as well as the elaboration of diverse map products used during the study. The research showed, among other factors, that a integrated system utilization that is able to provide information to help during the decision making and considers social data from urban and countryside areas in the physic-spacial and economic aspects is important to contribute to the improvement of all citizens‟ life quality.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The theme that prays presented, he/she concerns the Perception of the Children five years old in relation to a public space - the Square Doctor Chaves located in the city of Montes Claros/MG/Brazil, considered the Historical Nucleus and origin of the city. We highlighted as objective headquarters of this work, to investigate that perceptions have the five year-old children on the environment, delimiting a specific space - the square and to deepen the referring studies to the Environmental Education in the Infantile Education. As specific objectives, we selected: to observe the five year-old children\'s perceptive activities in a public space; to characterize the environmental perceptions of a same space for children of different social classes and to verify the children\'s of a same age perceptions is differentiated for they belong to teaching nets and classes different social Para the attainment of these objectives it was necessary the use of a specific methodology because, to develop researches with children is not easy task and we needed to understand what the children speak starting from your own constructions, through your world of fantasies. Besides, to understand them starting from our vision, of who is not more child, it constitutes a challenge. Starting from this understanding the investigation based on an approach methodological beginning that extols the previous suspension of every judgment on the domain of the knowledge in consideration, whose qualitative aspects don\'t try they were meditated, using as instruments for the collection of data the structured interview composed of six open subjects and drawing analysis formed an alliance with the in an oral way. They were subject of the research 88 children belonging to 4 Municipal Centers of Infantile Education - located CEMEI in outlying areas of Montes Claros / MG and 83 children of 2 institutions of Infantile Education of the Net Peculiar of teaching located in central areas of the referred city. The choice for children in this age group is justified for they possess quite representative manifestations in relation to your capacities, talents, desires and for possessing a very peculiar way to notice and to explain the facts, to face situations demanded by this phase of the development. Besides, we detached that with 5 years the child already possesses marks of your individuality, your relationships with the healthy middle very personalized, you/he/she tends to be realistic, concrete, you/he/she already uses the speech, the drawing, to clear your perception that has of the world that the fence the Thesis is structured in five chapters, being: Chapter I \" One listens historical of the child and of the Childhood. It was once. . . \". Chapter II the Perception decoded by the environmental reading; the Chapter III \" Of the scribble to the line - of the line to the form - the infantile \" drawing. Chapter IV \" Of the the philosophers\' square to the current Square \"; the Chapter V \" the children\'s Dance in circles making Science in a public \" space The obtained results demonstrated that the five year-old children possess perceptions differentiated for they belong to social classes and teaching nets differentiated. The belonging to a lower social level (Group 1) they didn\'t know the Square Dr. Keys, but they play at close squares to your residences with certain frequency accompanied or not of the parents. The children belonging to the high social class (Group 2) they know the Square Dr. Keys, they play in this square rarely in your parents\' company, but they don\'t play at other squares or there are not close squares to your residences. The children of the Group 1 notice the square as a place to play and full of innovations and the children of the Group 2 as a place to walk and for they already know this place they didn\'t demonstrate a lot of curiosity. In both groups, the square represents a place for the leisure whose function is intimately interlaced with the social conditions of use of this space. For such a study, we articulated our thought in several areas of the knowledge as, the Geography, the Pedagogy, the Sociology, the Philosophy, the Psychology, looking for to base and to speculate the subject.

The study of landscape, conceived as a natural system is of fundamental importance for the understanding of the phenomena arising from the relationship between social dynamics and dynamics of nature, allowing assess the results of the relation between time/social space and time/natural space. This research has as main objective to serve environmental contribution to diagnosis of the Microregion of Araguaína from the study of the constraints of the physical environment, resulting in the definition of classes of vulnerability/stability, according to the methodology suggested by Crepani et al. In this sense, the present work part of the consideration that the landscape has a dynamic character and that shows interactions between spaces physical, biotic, and anthropic inserted in space and time dimensions. An approach associated with the environmental analysis, taking into account compliance with the various components of the landscape, both in ways resulting from such as also in their processes related generators, mainly, by the occupation over the past few decades, provides highly significant points to seek the understanding of the inextricable link between society and nature. Within the methodological proposal were characterized the elements of landscape inherent in geology, geomorphology, pedology, vegetal cover and climate and subsequently assigned values on the scale of vulnerability. For each of the groups or geological formations present in the area was established a value on the scale of vulnerability to denudation of rocks, taking into account especially the information of lithology, which resulted in the preparation of a representative map of these values. The same procedure was performed for the other themes. The classification of the degree of vulnerability and stability to the area of study was carried out from the folds of the values resulting from the average of the intersection of all the elements that characterise the area in question, taking into account the processes of morphogenesis and pedogenese. With this methodological procedure was possible to specialize the degree of vulnerability and stability of the Microregion of Araguaína, from the basic information of the physical environment and of land use and vegetation cover, obtaining, therefore the classes: Moderately Vulnerable, Moderately Stable/Vulnerable, Moderately Stable and Stable.

En esta tesis doctoral tratamos de comprender hasta qué punto el proceso de expansión territorial urbana del Distrito Federal es un productor y un producto de la segregación socioespacial, y en qué esta segregación se presenta en uno de sus espacios urbanos la Región Administrativa de Samambaia. En esto trabajo, realizamos el análisis de lo asentamiento urbano de Samambaia, avaluando el grado de articulación de sus procesos, en mayor o menor grado de articulación de estas asignaciones, a toda la zona urbana y el resto del Distrito Federal. Por lo tanto, fueran tratados empírico y teóricamente la aparición y el grado de la segregación socio-espacial existentes, a través de pruebas del nivel de integración entre los habitantes de los asentamientos y el resto de la ciudad y del grado de acceso que tienen a los medios de consumo colectivo, articulando la realidad de la parte al todo, teniendo en cuenta que Samambaia contiene especificidades y particularidades que igualan o la diferencian ante la urbanización en el Distrito Federal. Verificamos que el proceso de segregación socio-espacial es extremadamente fuerte y dinámico en el Distrito Federal, y qué elementos constituyentes forjan dinámicas espaciales distintas en cada una de las treinta regiones administrativas do DF, mientras que, estudiando Samambaia, comprendemos situaciones comunes, que ocurren en toda urb do DF, bien como diferenciaciones, sobre todo por qué cada parte del espacio abriga un cierto extracto de población, contiene ciertas condicionantes históricas y sociopoliticas, o que nos permitió afirmar que la segregación socioespacial en Samambaia es producto do proceso de segregación socioespacial del Distrito Federal.

This work presents the results of a study that has as its object of research the High School National Exam (Enem) and its impact on teaching Geography in public schools of Minas Gerais. The main objective of this research is to verify the understanding of Geography teachers and high schools administrators of Patos de Minas about Enem, in order to see if this exam, as a public policy evaluation, is reverberating on the (re)organization of schools, and on the pedagogical practices of teachers as well. The methodology used to obtain the data is descriptive, with quantitative and qualitative approach. The data collection techniques were the semistructured interview applied to the administrators and a questionnaire applied in a census form to the Geography teachers. In the quantitative approach the findings of the questionnaire are presented in frequency tables and percentages. To correlate the variables frequencies the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. In the qualitative approach, we have conducted the content analysis as a means of reinterpreting the messages of the administrators in order to achieve an understanding of their meanings at a level that goes beyond a common interpretation. The results reveal that, somehow, there are influences of that exam on schools as well as on some of the initiatives of the Geography teachers so they can change teaching strategies. However, these strategies happen superficially in order to prepare students for the Enem test in its role as national entrance exam. Enem is not yet seen by most teachers and administrators, as a way to promote the improvement of teaching and learning for students of public schools. The exam is presented as a regulator of the teaching activity, confined to the evaluation model, with a slight relation with the curriculum and pedagogical practices. The survey revealed that the administrators of high schools and Geography teachers recognize the importance of Enem as an external evaluation, although they demonstrate little knowledge of this policy regarding the analysis of the results as a tool that can add value to actions aimed at improving basic education. We conclude that Enem is an evaluation policy that reflects the principles of the educational reform of secondary education in Brazil, configured as a mechanism that intertwines the teaching-learning process and interferes in various situations, resulting in consequences for schools teachers and students. This work can therefore contribute to reflections on public policies of evaluation, especially Enem, taking into account the social importance that the examination took over its multiple functions, especially ProUni and SISU.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Environmental issues arising from the growth and formation of cities are numerous, making the municipal management essential to promote the integration of man and nature. A natural resource that needs greater protection undoubtedly is water, considering that is essential to life on Earth. In Uberlândia, Uberabinha River Whatershed, due to its location, plays a key role in the public water supply of the city , with high economic importance for the region , however , suffers the consequences of the intense process of urbanization and regional farming. Protect and restore springs, by planting of riparian forests is the minimum necessary to allow for some water quality and quantity, to supply the city and rural activities.. With this aim was created Buriti Program in the city of Uberlândia, that intend to transform the farmers involved in the program on Water Producers \" and represents one of the measures of implementation of environmental legislation , adopted by the local government in favor of preserving water resources. This thesis aims to study this Program as the implementing legislation policy, and study the perception of farmers involved in it. In this paper, there is a dialogue with the following methods and techniques of research: literature review, observation, questionnaires, and qualitative research triangulation. The method therefore comprises technical procedures for gathering, organization and analysis of data and information, as well as analysis of results of research information in the field. With the research it was established that the Buriti Program has shown positive effects, especially in relation to their larger goal, which is to increase the flow of water and has also presented other environmental benefits, such as improving the ecosystem of participating properties. However, in the opinion of the interviewees, the program still needs to go through some adjustments and improvements, so that their effectiveness may be even greater. The demarcation of areas of permanent preservation can compromises the income of small farmers and their formation and maintenance is very costly. Environmental law is generic, does not provide particularities, so when implanted be through a public action, as in the case of the Buriti Program, presents the need to create mechanisms to ensure that it is actually fulfilled. The farmer is the main agent capable of ensuring the effectiveness of Buriti Program and ensures their participation, only through mechanisms of control and repression, is not the best way. Thus, in addition to technical support, service and equipment for the establishment of permanent preservation areas, it is appropriate that the municipal government of Uberlândia create ways to remunerate farmers for provided environmental services as \"producer of water.\"

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior