Repositório RCAAP

ABSTRACT: Applied biotechnology in agriculture provides means to strengthen, improve and protect plants against the action of bad weather, pests and pathological agents that could affect the plant in its development process. The genetic transformation of plants brings the possibility of the functional validation of individually selected genes, such as the direct exploitation of transgenics in genetic improvement. In view of the fact that Brazil is one of the largest producers of transgenic foods, the objective of this work is to bring information about biotechnology as an auxiliary tool for the development of agriculture, seeking to highlight the strengths and most important aspects of this area. On producing this article, the aim was to analyze the scientific work carried out in the area of ​​biotechnology applied to transgenic plants, their advantages and benefits in agriculture. By analyzing the data obtained in the scientific papers reviewed, it was possible to identify that transgenic foods have several advantages for agriculture and the economy, such as: resistance to pests and diseases; increased productivity; cost reduction; decreased use of pesticides, herbicides and defenders; greater tolerance to environmental and climatic conditions; introduction of new characteristics to the species from the alteration of the genome and generation of antibodies in these transgenic species. KEYWORDS: Biotechnology. Genetically Modified. Sustainability.

ABSTRACT: The Concern for the future of graduates has been one of the ways in which institutions seek to analyze the effectiveness of the higher education offered, verifying whether the training acquired by their graduates meets the needs of the current labor market.  Thus, in view of this concern, this study aimed to raise data about the graduates of the Chemistry degree course at UNEAL, Campus I, Arapiraca, from 2004 to 2019, on aspects of the labor market and academic training.  The analysis instrument used was an online questionnaire with questions regarding the employment status and academic education of the graduates.  The results obtained showed that most of the respondents graduated between 2008 and 2011 and that 94% of the graduates are employed and have continued their academic training.  Thus, it was possible to conclude that UNEAL contributed to the entry of students into the labor market, whether in the field of Chemistry or related fields.  One of the most highlighted areas in the research was teaching. KEYWORDS: Graduates, Chemistry, job market, academic training.

Human activities alter the natural processes of water resources, generating changes in the quantity and quality of water, mainly in urban watersheds. In this context, the objective of this work was to assess water quality in an anthropized area and in an urban forest, by analyzing physical-chemical parameters in the Igarapé Belmont basin, located in the municipality of Porto Velho (RO), a tributary of the Madeira River. Monitoring was carried out at six points, one upstream, one downstream and none inside the conservation unit, Porto Velho Municipal Natural Park, with quarterly frequency, in the rainy and dry seasons, between March and December / 2019. The parameters analyzed were nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen), total phosphorus and total solid. Statistical data treatment was performed, descriptively and with the application of Pearson's correlation. There was a strong temporal and spatial influence on water quality, with higher concentrations in the drought period (ammoniacal nitrogen and total phosphorus), at the collection point inserted in anthropized area, were above what was established by CONAMA resolution 357/2005. It is also possible to determine, according to Pearson's coefficient, that there is a strong correlation between the total solid and the other parameters analyzed. Based on the analysis of the data presented in this research, some nutrients increased the concentration due to the area of urban influence contained in the hydrographic basin and due to the seasonal period.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to explore management alternatives to minimize the action of soil phytopathogenic fungi in agroforestry systems through a literature review. Soil phytopathogens can cause serious damage to crops, causing severe economic losses to producers, if management and control strategies are not implemented properly. Agroforestry systems are traditionally productive systems that seek alternative means to conventional ones based on the adoption of chemical inputs to carry out production. Finally, the use of Trichoderma as an antagonistic microorganism was considered to be one of the most promising methods and techniques for controlling phytopathogens inhabiting the soil. KEYWORDS: Soil fungus, Alternative control, Sustainable Management.

ABSTRACT: Wind energy is a renewable source, cheap and requires little maintenance, so its implementation is being expanded, including in Brazil. Currently, there is a large investment in the deployment of wind power in Pernambuco, in 2016 two wind complexes were installed in the state. However, there is controversy regarding an environmentally friendly energy that can impact fauna and flora, noise, glove reduction, temperature change and local climate change over the years. Thus, the need for interviewing residents of wind farm areas, comparing reports with capture data on the APAC website, comparing NDVI images after wind turbines installation was visualized. Based on the capture results, NDVI images and resident reports, it can be observed that there was a reduction in rainfall rates, however, this period corresponds to a prolonged drought in the northeastern semiarid, thus, a towers installation and analysis. may have aggravated a situation in the region. KEYWORDS: Wind Energy, Rainfall, Climate Change, NDVI.

ABSTRACT: The debate on the organization of the work of rural extractivist women, although still incipient, is important in contemporary studies, given the need to understand the ways of life and organization of these women and other social groups that maintain the agroextractive economy and strengthen development projects from a sustainability perspective. In this context, this work aims to identify the survival strategies adopted by extractivist women organized by “Association Aroeira” and the importance of associated work in this process. This is a case study, in which semi-structured interviews were carried out, in addition to the observations and notes recorded in the field diary. The results show that women have a reproductive logic based on local natural resources and their multiple occupations, among them, fishing, their main activity, the sustainable extraction of pink pepper and the agro-industrialization of agroextractive products, as well as they organize their socio-productive strategies through associativism. The Association, as a space for social and productive organization, made feasible collective work, the improvement of production conditions, the commercialization and technical training of extractivists. It was also verified the social importance attributed to the performance of women in the Association, given the greater recognition of their workforce and the achievement of greater social affirmation, inside and outside the domestic group. KEYWORDS: Associativism, rural women, Female protagonism, sustainable extractivism.

ABSTRACT: Fish comprise one of the main foods consumed in the State of Pará, because, in addition to the abundance of species in the Amazon Region, they are part of the caboclo-riverain food culture. However, the poor hygiene conditions at points of sale in public markets and open markets can pose risks both to the quality of the fish sold and to the health of the consumer. Therefore, the objective of this article was to evaluate the structural conditions and hygienic-sanitary practices of the Icoaraci Municipal Market, in Belém (PA), in order to understand whether food security in the area is in line with the normative provisions. The field research took place between January 25 and February 1, 2021, through the application of two evaluation checklists, namely: 1) more general structural conditions of the market and 2) hygienic-sanitary practices of the handlers at the points of sales. It was observed that, due to the negligence of the public power and the behaviors and practices of the manipulators, the space is inappropriate for the commercialization of food, especially fish. In this way, the fish commercialized in this place can suffer from the precarious exposure and the propitious contamination in the environment. KEYWORDS: Fished, Foods, Food hygiene.

ABSTRACT: Bearing in mind that the capitalist system has a logic of expansion and accumulation totally without limitations, we propose with this article, from a bibliographic review, to answer the following question: is it possible to think about sustainable development within the scope of the capitalist society's logic ? To this end, the objective is to critically analyze the ideology of sustainable development, in order to expose the limits and contradictions of this concept in the context of contemporary capitalist society. It is believed that to solve the problems caused by the pattern of capitalist development, we need knowledge and experience from other rationality matrices. In this sense, we adopt decolonial thinking as a theoretical perspective, and, finally, we propose the policy of Good Living as a possible alternative to development. KEYWORDS: sustainability, capitalist crisis, decolonial spin, good living.

Cassava production in the state of Alagoas is mostly carried out by small rural producers who adopt little management technology, and who routinely do not replace nutrients due to the high cost of chemical inputs. In this agricultural production model, the knowledge and use of strategies that include natural biological processes in the soil, mainly of the microbiota present in this environment, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can be presented as an alternative for biofertilization, since, Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations established between the roots of most plants and non-pathogenic fungi in the soil that have beneficial effects, which can improve plant growth and productivity and soil structure. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the density of glomerospores and the native AMF genera present in the rhizosphere of cassava, Sergipana variety, as well as to determine mycorrhizal colonization in the evaluated culture. Soil collections were made in the cassava rhizosphere, at 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after planting (DAP). The average number of glomerospores in each treatment was evaluated at 90, 180, 270 and 360 DAP, and the main AMF genera present, and an evaluation of mycorrhizal colonization of the roots at 360 DAP was performed. Cassava cultivation showed an increase of approximately 174.46% at 360 DAP, showing a significant difference in the density of AMFs when compared to the 90 DAP period. The genera Diversispora sp, Entrophospora sp, Acaulospora sp, Scutellospora sp, and Racocetra sp. in cultivation, and a positive result for mycorrhizal colonization, with a 61% rate of colonization of the roots of the evaluated species.

ABSTRACT: The Knowledge of the initial diversity of entomofauna in eucalyptus spp forest stands. it can provide an effective characterization of the insect community, evidencing aspects of local diversity, besides contributing to the registration of insect pests with potential for crop damage, biological control agents, pollinators among other organisms and their complex trophic networks. Thus, the study aimed to perform the survey and faunistic analysis of the entomofauna associated with clonal experimental forest settlement of the hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis (clones TP361, VCC865, I144 and VE41), through manual collection in the State of Alagoas. The collections were carried out between January 2018 and January 2019 in six-month-old plots, and the branches of the plants were evaluated, analyzing the presence of individuals. The diversity of entomofauna and faunistic indices were determined using the ANAFAU software. A total of 577 individuals were collected, distributed in 10 orders, and coleoptera orders (30.4%), Hemiptera (23.58%) and Hymenoptera (13.73) the ones that stood out the most for the greater number of captured individuals. The Chrysomelidae family presented expressive indexes for all clones evaluated, due to a population outbreak of C. ferruginea in the study area. Clone I144 presented higher diversity value of Shannon-Weaner (H') (2.7) when compared to the other clones, TP361 (2.6), VE41 (2.5) and clone VCC865 (2.4), which presented lower diversity index. KEYWORDS: Manual collection, Entomofauna, Faunistic indexes.

Experimental activities can be considered didactic tools to strengthen science teaching. Therefore, this teaching research carried out in the education laboratory of the Escola Estadual Senador Rui Palmeira - PREMEM, shows that in order to achieve the main objectives of science education, it is necessary that this practice be redefined or repositioned. The aim of this work was to analyze the level of understanding of chemistry content through applied practice with contextualization in everyday life, conceptualizing the importance of practical classes for teaching chemistry. It is a research through the execution and application of experimental classes, during the year 2018 to 2020 in the elective discipline of Experimental Chemistry for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year grades of PREMEM high School. The relationship between achievement and learning by the student was evaluated and the challenges related to experimentation classes in the teaching of chemistry were analyzed. It was observed a good use and learning on the part of the stressing that the experimentation is a very important tool to improve the rates of achievement and learning. In addition, it is necessary for the teacher to plan in advance his practical class so that the objectives proposed by him, are achieved, so that students acquire knowledge.

O quipá (Tacinga inamoena) é uma cactácea nativa da Caatinga brasileira. Estudos sobre doenças nessa espécie são inexistentes, no entanto, manchas marrons, de etiologia até então desconhecida, tem sido observada em cladódios de quipá no estado de Alagoas. Dados preliminares indicam que fungos do gênero Fusarium podem ser responsáveis pela doença, contudo, esses dados precisam ser confirmados utilizando ferramentas adequadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar espécies de Fusarium associadas a mancha marrom em cladódios de quipá no estado de Alagoas. Três isolados de Fusarium foram obtidos a partir de cladódios coletados em diferentes pontos do sertão do estado de Alagoas. Após confirmação da patogenicidade os isolados foram identificados com base na análise concatenada das sequencias nucleotídicas parciais dos genes EF1-α e RPB2, associadas às analises morfológicas. Foram identificadas duas espécies pertencentes ao gênero Fusarium: F. oxysporum e F. lunatum, sendo este o primeiro relato destas espécies causando mancha marrom no quipá.

ABSTRACT: Plant viruses have a wide range of weed/wild hosts, which can act as virus reservoirs. Centosema brasilianum is a wild leguminous species frequently found in association with cultivated fields in the Northeast region of the country. In March 2017, a plant of C. brasilianum was found showing symptoms of mosaic and leaf rolling, in the municipality of Maceió, state of Alagoas. In this context, the present study aimed to detect and molecular characterize viruses with DNA genomes infecting C. brasilianum. Total DNA was extracted from the leaf sample and used as a template via PCR amplification reactions assays using universal primers, aiming respectively at the detection of badnavirus and begomovirus. Partial sequences were obtained for the badnavirus RT/RNaseH and begomovirus DNA-A regions. Comparisons of paired sequences and phylogenetic analyzes indicated the presence of coinfection in C. brasilianum by badnavirus and begomovirus. The isolate BR:Mac:17 should be considered a putative new species of badnavirus, for which the name ‘Centrosema bacilliform virus’ (CenBV) is proposed. This species was phylogenetically more related to Dioscorea bacilliform AL virus (DBALV, KX008573), from the Dioscorea rotundata. Meanwhile, the isolate BR:Mac2:17 is a Begomovirus, probably of the species Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). The results demonstrate that C. brasilianum can act as a reservoir of badnavirus and begomovirus in the absence of culture in the field. KEYWORDS: Molecular characterization, Caulimoviridae, Geminiviridae, non-cultivated plants.  

ABSTRACT: The semiarid region of Brazil is characterized by the high susceptibility of its agricultural systems to climatic fluctuations, which is maximized by the productive methods employed. In this region, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main crops produced, serving as an important food source for local families. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze the dynamics of bean production in the municipality of Gado Bravo, Semi-arid of Paraíba, in the period 2000-2019. The data used were extracted from the IBGE Municipal Agricultural Production information database, using the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA). Information regarding annual rainfall in Gado Bravo was obtained through the Executive Water Management Agency of the State of Paraíba (AESA). The data were submitted to   principal component analysis (PCA). High variability was observed in the local productive aspects of the bean culture, with the presence in some years of discrepancies between the planted area and the harvested area. Low productivity of this culture in the municipality was also observed, which can be attributed to the low technification used locally and to the events of climatic vulnerability. In view of the importance of bean culture for the municipality of Gado Bravo, actions to encourage the improvement of the production rates of this legume should be encouraged and implemented. KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Agricultural Production, Agricultural Technification.

Brassinosteroid is a hormone that in addition to favoring the growth and development of the plant is pointed out as attenuator of the negative effects caused by water stress in vegetables. The papaya has socioeconomic importance and the water deficit is a limiting factor to its growth, therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the effects caused by the application of epibrassinolide (C28H48O6), a brassinosteroid analogue, during the vegetative phase of the papaya under different irrigation slides. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field belonging to the State University of Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha -PB campus, using the Hawaí variety. In factorial scheme 5x2, with four blocks and five irrigation slides (60, 80, 100, 120, 140% of reference evapotranspiration-ET0), with brassinosteroid (concentration 1.0 mg L-1) and without brassinosteroid. The hormone was applied via the leaves at 60 days after transplanting for two consecutive days, this procedure being carried out inside a closed chamber and using a manual sprayer, 35 days after the complete exposure of the plants to the treatments, parameters were evaluated. at which it was found that there was a significant interactive effect between the factors studied (blades x hormone) in most of the variables evaluated. Smaller irrigation depths promoted lower height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and root volume of papaya seedlings. The use of 100% of the reference evapotranspiration provided greater height, stem and root moisture. The application of 1.0 mg L-1 of the hormone optimized plant growth in the seedling production phase, however, it did not alleviate the harmful effects of the water deficit. KEYWORDS: Carica papaya L., water deficit, phytohormone

The Caatinga biome is characterized by xerophyte vegetation and has a rich floristic diversity, but is fragmented by anthropic action. This study aimed to evaluate the floristic and structural differences between Caatinga fragments with different levels of conservation in the state of Piauí. Twenty-six plots of 20 m were × 20 m, divided into two areas (AI and AII). All living individuals with diameter at breast height were measured ≥ 5 cm. In The IA, 1532 living individuals were measured distributed in 14 botanical families and 38 species. The families with the highest number of species were Fabaceae (18), Apocynaceae (2) Myrtaceae (2) and Combretaceae (2). In area II, 787 individuals, 10 families and 30 species were sampled. The families Fabaceae (16), Combretaceae (2) and Euphorbiaceae (2) were the most representative in number of species. The Shannon diversity and pielou equability indices were 2.71 nats/ind and 0.76 AI and 2.60 nats.ind-1 0.75 AII, respectively. The species Combretum glaucocarpum, Cenostigma macrophyllum, Pterocarpus villosus, Hymenaea eriogyne and Ephedranthus pisocarpus together contributed 56.28% of the importance value in AI. Combretum glaucocarpum, Pityrocarpa moniliformis, Cenostigma macrophyllum, Combretum leprosum and Machaerium sp, together contributed 56.40% of the importance value in AII. In both areas there were differences in phytosociological parameters, which explains distinct regeneration processes.

ABSTRACT: Enteroparasitosis represents a serious public health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries, affecting populations that are in conditions of social vulnerability. The research analyzes the epidemiological and spatial scenario of schistosomiasis and geohelminthosis, in the state of Piauí. The study is epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective, quantitative and analytical approach, with collection of secondary data in the DATASUS Information System (SISPCE, SINAN, SIH, SIM) for the years 2011 to 2017 and the use of GIS for spatial analysis. Between 2008 to 2010 the prevalence of infection for schistosomiasis was 0.04% and geohelmintheses 0.7% found only in the municipality of Picos. However, between 2011 and 2017, human schistosomiasis was found in 6 others, with higher occurrence in Picos (53.8%). Of the total number of parasitized by S. mansoni, 61.5% are male, aged between 20 and 29 years, 76.9% are brown, originating from the urban and rural areas in equal proportion and more than half of all cases 53.8% are reported. Deaths from schistosomiasis were predominant in males (100%) between 2008- 2016. Infection by geohelminthesis affected 3.7% of individuals, with a higher prevalence of helminths A. lumbricoide 54.1%, followed by T. trichuria 23, 7% and hookworms 22.1%. The presence of these enteroparasitoses requires the adoption of effective public policies for sanitation of the environment, housing, education and health, in addition to the adoption of strategies that facilitate the knowledge on the forms of contagion and prevention. KEYWORDS: Enteroparasitosis, Epidemiology,  Prevalence.

RESUMO: O presente artigo é um relato de experiência de monitoria vivenciado por acadêmicas do curso de Enfermagem frente à pandemia, ocasionada pelo novo coronavírus. O objetivo deste relato é o de descrever a importância da execução da monitoria da disciplina de Primeiros Socorros, ainda que de forma remota, como estratégia metodológica de ensino que complementa e incrementa a prática acadêmica suspensa, oferecendo subsídios para o futuro exercício profissional. As atividades de monitoria se desenvolveram entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2020, e favoreçam esforços das monitoras direcionados ao aprendizado e domínio de habilidades tecnológicas capazes de substituir atividades práticas presenciais, que se configuram como ferramentas essenciais na interação entre monitoras e alunos da disciplina. Ressalva-se também, a oportunidade do desenvolvimento da liderança e autonomia subsidiada por um plano de ensino, previamente discutido com a docente orientadora da disciplina e apresentado aos acadêmicos. A execução da monitoria de forma remota permitiu vencer desafios, aprimorar as estratégias de ensino e o aprendizado na graduação, especificamente na área de primeiros socorros.

ABSTRACT: The present study involves phytochemical investigation, phenol content and allelopathic potential of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth extract in the germination of Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde. with  extracts ethanolic and aqueous  of C. heliotropiifolius leaf; was performed prospected secondary metabolites  and Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectrophotometry tests for total phenols and flavonoids. The germination bioassay was performed in a BOD chamber (12L:12D) with plant extracts at 100, 50, 25 and 10%, with water as control against D. insularis seeds. The germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (IVG), abnormal seedlings (PAn%), root length and aerial part (CR and CPA) were evaluated. The extracts reduced the germination and development of the target species indicated by G% and IVG from the concentration of 10%. The same occurred with the variables PAn%, CR and CPA. In both extracts the presence of secondary metabolites was indicated, the phenol content obtained was 0.3422 mg EAG/g for the ethanolic extract and 0.375 mg EAG/g for the aqueous extract, for the flavonoids 0.1071 mg EQ/g in ethanolic extract and 0.0110 mg EQ/g in aqueous extract. The extracts demonstrated a reduction in germination and alteration in the physiology of Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde seeds. KEYWORDS: Extracts, Secondary Metabolites, Germination.

This text has as its primary purpose the discussion of the situation from the concept of cities in general. It discusses its shift from a place of consumption to a place of resilience, resulting in the flânerie's death. From a Benjaminian look, we seek to build a dialogue between Walter Benjamin's philosophy and geography and literature as a condition in the possibility of this new moment in the urban concept during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought in Walter Benjamin's thoughts some reflections about the situation from the modern man in Charles Baudelaire's Paris, where the philosopher offers a set of images and diagrams from this contemporary and lyrical poet - fencer, bohemian, flâneur, detective, cheater, player, and prostitute. In this sense, we can then read this general concept of city and its images in this pandemic, in the poetic geography from the urban space. They are the images which form the constellation of the poet's heroic or anti-heroic task which chose the allegory as a single form of treating modernity, in this case highlighting the image of the flâneur and the rogue as the allegorist representing the modernity in the capital of consumption, the Paris from the XIX century. We then pose our look in the flâneur's image and its disappearance in the pandemic moment and the condition of resilience from the urban system and its perturbations. KEYWORDS: City. Modernity. Merchandise. Capitalism.