Repositório RCAAP

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This thesis has the purpose to investigate Monteiro Lobato's expectations and interests in relation to the publishing of his literary works in North-America with a broader number of readers and a larger book circulation. We will specially focus on Brazilian Short Stories, Series Little Blue Books, nº 733, published by Haldeman-Julius Company in 1925. The pioneer role of the North-American literary critic Isaac Goldberg (1887-1938) as a go-between and organizer of some Brazilian literary works of Art as well as of some Lobato's earliest published material in The United States of America will also be pursued. We also aim to examine the accomplishments of two transpositions of the short story O Engraçado Arrependido into English. The literary works are: "The Penitent Wag" in Brazilian Short Stories, Little Blue Book nº 733, by Haldeman Julius Company (1925) and The Funny Man Who Repented published in A World Of Great Stories by Crown Publisher(1947). In order to attain this target we intend to compare the text in Portuguese (9th edition, Urupês, 1923), with the mentioned transpositions into English in 1925 and 1947.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The work developed concentrates its focus on the specific analysis of the doctrine of David Held, regarding the instrumentalization of global social democracy in the face of current challenges for democratic improvement. In this sense, there is a discussion about the responsible control of Public Administration, a process of accountability that fulfills social demands in a degree of legitimacy related and as close as possible to the peculiarities of a given society. The structuring of global social democracy is found with emphasis on the regional scope. However, it is concatenated the thoughts developed considering the national bases as well as the global scope as a whole, in order to see the democratic regime closest to the control and effectiveness, in case of including the most diverse social actors in the process of debate and public deliberations. The concrete instrumentalization of global social democracy, therefore, is developed with concepts such as localism, globalization, global governance in interaction with participatory democracy, and therefore the development of institutional and political instruments of more effective participatory scope. At the end of the process, the prevalence of fundamental and human rights stands out as the fulcrum of the systematized democratic element, seeking the possible realization of popular participation in the public thing as the guarantor of those rights.

The present work seeks to analyze the nature of democracy within a Pachukanian legal Marxist perspective and the materialist theory of the State of Joachim Hirsch. In Pachukan's legal view law becomes understood with legal subjectivity as its atom, and Hirsch within this Pachukanian view makes a derivation of the State as a social form that conforms to the legal form. The separation between the "public" and the "private", possible only with the advent of the legal form and the state political form allow the existence of democracy. However, democracy can exist in and only in capitalism, but it must not exist, it is not an imperative. The institutional arrangements, resulting from the relations of force from the class struggle, preserve or extinguish democracy. In addition, the valorization of value when it enters into a crisis of accumulation, its tendency law of the form of fall value of the rate of profit impels objective coercions on the classes that will determine a democratic capitalism, as in the case of Fordism, or a dissociation between capitalism and democracy, as in post-Fordism. With the intermediate concepts of the theory of French regulation that integrate the materialist theory of the State of Joachim Hirsch, the relations between the regime of accumulation and the mode of regulation determined by the contradictions and social antagonisms of capitalism determine the existence or not of democracy. To think of democracy in a materialistic bias is to exclude ideological analyzes of the emancipatory potential of democracy, which is nothing but a more totalitarian form of containing the class struggle and the valorization of value. Communism and democracy are antagonistic goals.

IPM - Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

The development of linguistic competences such as vocabulary, phonological awareness and letter knowledge are associated to the development of reading and writing skills in children with typical development. There are few studies about the development of such skills in children with development disorders associated with ID in various levels and specific linguistic profiles such as children with Down Syndrome (DS) and Williams Syndrome (WS). The objective of the present study was to develop and implement intervention procedures that involve training of phonological skills as an auxiliary strategy for the alphabetization process of 6 children, age range 9 to 11 years old, 3 of them with DS and 3 with WS, enrolled at regular education. To accomplish such objectives some tolls were selected to assess intellectual potential (WISC III, ludic observation sessions), behavioral profile (CBCL/6-18), receptive vocabulary (PPVT), understanding of verbal commands (TOKEN), phonological awareness skills (Phonological Awareness by Oral Production Test PCFO), syntactic awareness (Syntactic Awareness Test PCS), reading and writing (Reading and Writing Assessment Battery BALE). Besides the use of these tools, 32 sessions were carried out with the use of the phonic alphabetization software and ludic material (mobile alphabet, logic blocks, pencils and paper) as a complement to the intervention process. Participants were later reassessed though the Phonological Awareness by Oral Production Test (PCFO). CBCL/6-18 results for both groups indicated difficulties in accomplishing jobs and tasks, ability to play and work alone, academic performance, participation in organizations, attention problems, among others. PPVT results indicated that receptive vocabulary is significantly below the average for level of education and age. The assessment of verbal commands through TOKEN was impaired because 4 children did not have enough knowledge to take the test. Results for the Phonological Awareness by Oral Production Test (pre and post-intervention) and the Syntactic Awareness Test indicated large impairment with performances below the average for level of education and age. When taking the Reading and Writing Assessment Battery, children did not display enough skills to accomplish the tasks. It was possible to conclude that the stimulation through phonological awareness training promoted in this study with the help of Computer Phonic Alphabetization , particularly vocals and consonants subtests, lead to improvements in the recognition of the names of alphabet letters. The evolution presented by the participants considering that these children had been going to school for more than 3 or 4 years and still presented impairments in basic precursor abilities to the development of reading and writing skills, and that this was achieved in 32 sessions that took about 2 months, it is possible to consider this a significant progress. To sum up, the intervention procedure for the development of PA appears as a promising path for improving performance in these skills in children with ID.

Changes in market environments, with the increase and intensity of business competition, have led organizations to develop and manage strategies to drive their survival and as a consequence lead them to business growth. Being the choice of market positioning the heart of the strategy, and for that, the adoption of effective competitive strategies are fundamental to achieve a sustainable marketing positioning, in addition, the strategy for business success, is in the ability to innovate. Innovation is essential for a firm to be able to offer services or products that promote advantages over the imitation or innovation ability of its rivais. Another way to improve strategic positioning would be to survive and achieve business growth in highly competitive sectors, such as adopting the own brand (MP) product strategy. However, organizations, who have or wish to have MP products, must adopt innovative measures in their strategic planning, able to create new business opportunities as it allows to expand the customer base. In the health sector, MP products can be a key weapon, can assist firms in this market to compete. Among the organizations that work in the sales segment of medical-hospital material, the sale of MP products is a trend since they allow the increase of profitability. Moreover, these companies have an important role in the health sector that revolves around R $546 billion and the distributors of medical-hospital products represent 20% of this market. Although it is noteworthy the relevance of the market for the distribution of medical-hospital material, little is known about the elements of strategy and innovation in this sector, as well as its own brand, because, although there are several studies addressing these topics in Other sectors of the economy, there was a lack of academic research that investigated these constructs in this segment or even in the health sector in general. In an attempt to fulfill this gap, the objective of this research was to verity the association of strategy and innovation with the use of the MP strategy in the Brazilian market of distributors of medical-hospital material. Regarding the methodological procedures, the qualitative method was adopted with the use of the basic technique of exploratory character. Data collection was made from in-depth interviews with seven managers of distributors of medical-hospital material and the data were analyzed through the use of the content analysis technique. The results showed that the companies in this market, who were basically positioned with the cost strategy, analyzed the environmental variables and realized that there was an opportunity to compete better if they decided to insert in their portfolios products that Carry their brands, and that competing better could change competitive positioning and grow. In addition, the fmdings indicated that these companies formulated, applied and managed a serious strategic actions, among them, and more irnportantly, the use and continuous investrnents in innovations capable of transforming their MP products into quality products, But low cost, a fact that directed such fmns to be able to change strategic positioning at the same time with costs, differentiation and focus, which consequently helped in the achievement of business growth.

IPM - Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

The objective of this study is to analyze the aspects that sets the Vila da Barca Residential Complex Design pondering the peculiarities of the city and land for what it was designed and the housing programs in what it was embedded. Beginning from this and recognizing the architect's creative limitations for this type of design, qualify the architectural and urban solutions of the Vila da Barca Residential Complex Design by architect Luiz Fernando de Almeida Freitas´s authorship. Vila da Barca is a community settled on the shores of Guajará bay, in an illegal and precarious way. It began as a consequence of the economic development of Belém enhaced by the Belle Epoque era. In order to pursue the objective of this work, the process of urbanization of Belém will be studied aiming to understand how the occupation of the region began. It will also be investigated how part of the stilts of the Vila is today, difficulties they face, the current housing conditions, and the problems to be solved within the housing and urbanization design. With this information, a study will be accomplished on the housing situation in Brazil and in Belém, in addition to the investigation of housing programs to which the Vila da Barca Residential Complex Design was framed, attempting to understand what elements and what criteria are considered by the national housing policy when it comes to social housing. From this information and according to other sources, an analysis of the Urban Insertion, Implantation, Housing Typology, Constructive Systems, Climatic Adequacy and Types of houses will be made. As possible conclusions, we intend to answer: what should be the solutions for the Vila da Barca Residential Complex Design, through the situation in which the community is? For what problems did the architect of the Vila da Barca Residential Complex Design find positive solutions? What new problems were created or what old problems have not been solved?

Objective of the work: Due to the existence of a gap between researchers and practitioners in management areas and the fact that this gap is more evident in small and medium-sized companies, the objective of this study was to construct a self-diagnostic tool based on the approach of the engaged scholarship, with its main focus on the use of business management tools by small and medium-sized companies. Design / Methodology / Approach: This work is classified as an applied research that contribute to reduce the gap between academic research and professional practices using the engaged research approach. Results: The result was to make this self-diagnostic tool available to the public on the link http: //201.6.243.44:2875/controladoria. This tool provides a diagnostic to the managers of micro and small business, situating their exposure to operational risks by providing diagnostics relation to the safety margin used by the Company and the low diversification in clients. The interactive tool also provides recommendations for the managers regarding the importance of managerial control techniques. Practical Implications: The results should be analyzed considering the limitations of this work, which developed an interactive self-diagnosis tool that sought to analyze the safety margin used and the degree of customer diversification used by small companies. The main gain was the dissemination of knowledge and the reduction of the gap between researchers and practitioners.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Science Fiction is popularly known for movies that usually present spaceships, interplanetary travels, futuristic scenarios, and men living with highly advanced technology. However, even before the movies, Science Fiction is a literary genre originated in the beginning of the 20th century, in the United States, in magazines known as pulp fiction. With that, the genre started to develop itself, as magazine fans would give their opinion about the stories and, also, tried to write their own stories. One of these readers has become a great author of the genre and with his short stories he enabled readers to imagine how the world would be if there were robots so smart as human beings. This author, named Isaac Asimov, ended up influencing several other writers, movie directors and TV series producers who would create other very popular stories, such as Star Wars, Star Trek, Terminator, 2001: Space Odyssey, and others. As in Asimov’s short stories, these narratives will always put men before robots, which are sometimes friendly and helpful, and other times are mean and threatening to humans. In light of this, this paper proposes a study of three of Isaac Asimov’s short stories, published in pulp magazines in the 1940s and published as a compilation in the 1950s under the title of I, Robot, and of the movie Artificial Intelligence, directed by Steven Spielberg in 2001. The analysis of the corpus aims to comprehend how the relation between men and machine is established in Science Fiction and what this relation means, both in the 20th century literature and in the contemporary cinema.

It is known from the literature that Brazilian public education needs, and much, to improve its quality. In the year 2016, data of the World Economic Forum demonstrate that Brazil is in the last positions, one of the worst educations in the world. In the area of science, the country occupies the 133th position and in the overall ranking occupies the 131th, were evaluated 139 countries. It is necessary that there is a change more quickly, for this the Federal Constitution guarantees access to education compulsory and free, recognized as subjective public right. In this sense, the article 206, VII, brings the principle of minimum standard of educational quality, because it should be guaranteed the minimum to all students, whether at any level. The public policies for the evaluation of quality in Brazilian public education arose from the need to obtain data of school quality, to take the necessary decisions in public policy, aiming to reach the public education, improving the quality, management and other relevant goals. It is understood that in order to achieve the quality in public school it is necessary a set of elements, which are shown in the course of this research. Data indicate several factors that contribute to the improvement of the quality of teaching, as well as elements that cause it to fall. It is believed that in order to measure the level of quality is necessary assessments on a large scale based on parameters to verify the particularity of each educational institution, with the aim of taking measures for each case. In this way, public actions have already been implemented and others will be created to fulfill this agenda to achieve the quality of public education. It is demonstrated the methods of assessment of Basic Education that Brazil uses, they are the SAEB – Basic Education Assessment System and the ANRESC, or Brazil Test; Brazil Little Test; Education Development Plan - PDE; IDEB - Basic Education Development Index and Pisa that in English means: Program for International Student Assessment, which means in Portuguese Programa de Avaliação Internacional de Estudantes. A Systematization and mapping of many public policies assessment of education quality was done, to enrich the studies about the educational quality subject.

This doctoral thesis whose theme is competition in tangible goods market caused by tax planning and the efficiency of enterprises aims to investigate the legal and economic problems caused by the preponderance of large companies using technology to ensure gains in a market in constant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the main reasons that lead consumers to purchase their goods through e-commerce. Given to tax and economic analysis, one may conclude that factors such as price, convenience and safety have made the difference in competition in this type of business activity. The methodology is based on literature, using classical and contemporary works on Law and Economics. Throughout this research, one can notice the constant evolution of this type of market as well as the migration of traditional businesses to this new niche of transactions, not only because of the incomes that it may generate, but mainly because of what they can represent in the medium and long term: their survival in a highly competitive market.

This study aims to analyze the economics of stagflation, extremely deleterious condition characterized by the presence of stagnation of the economy associated with high inflation, thus it is a situation of great macroeconomic imbalance, with significant social implications, and interest in law. Initially, this research will study the theme through the economic field. In this way, the analysis of inflation side of the disorder denotes impact on price stability, arbitrary redistribution of resources, wage disorder, discouragement of savings and investments, in addition to imply increased interest rate, and negative influence on economic growth in the long run. The recessive side demonstrates reduced production of goods and services, fall of social welfare, non-use of productive resources, and increase of unemployment. After, the analysis will be made of its interaction with science of law, through constitutional paradigm. This correlation shows contrast between this situation and the constitutional economic order, with opposition to its fundamentals of human labor and free enterprise, to its purposes of dignified existence and social justice, and contrasts with the constitutional economics principles of sovereignty, free competition, consumer protection, reduction of regional and social inequalities, pursuit of full employment and favorable treatment for small businesses. This research will investigate the related economic policies. Inadequate policies are etiologic factors for Stagflation, in this way, as all state actions, are subject to limits and controls, especially constitutional. Finally, this study will discuss the interrelationship between economic policy, stagflation and development. The macroeconomics of stagflation is the polar opposite of a development macroeconomics, so governments should implement economic policies that combat stagflation and boost development.

Este artigo analisa a eficácia da hermenêutica enquanto propósito jurídico. Sob o viés do uso da técnica interpretativa como instrumento de promoção da justiça, verificaremos no caso da criminalização da homotransfobia - por equiparação ao crime de racismo, promovido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasileiro - a promoção da efetividade da norma. Busca-se, através dessa análise, evidenciar a necessidade de aplicação da hermenêutica para que se alcance a plena e equânime justiça de fato. Para isso, é realizada uma breve contextualização histórica dos diversos tipos de manifestações sexuais. Passa-se o foco à homossexualidade, seus estigmas sociais e problemas legais enfrentados. Por conseguinte, trazemos os movimentos históricos que lutaram por isonomia e suas infrutíferas tentativas de promoção de direitos por meio da via legislativa. Analisaremos o controle de constitucionalidade e explanaremos sobre a hermenêutica. Por fim, verificaremos a interpretação constitucional como concretização. Faz-se uma análise do Mandado De Injunção 4.733/DF em conjunto com a Ação Direta De Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão 26/DF; quais argumentos são expostos e como o uso da hermenêutica firma-se em instrumento de promoção da efetividade da justiça social, ao se criminalizar a homotransfobia por equiparação a Lei de Racismo. Busca-se concluir quais serão os efeitos imediatos e futuros de tal julgamento para a sociedade.