Repositório RCAAP

Science Fiction is popularly known for movies that usually present spaceships, interplanetary travels, futuristic scenarios, and men living with highly advanced technology. However, even before the movies, Science Fiction is a literary genre originated in the beginning of the 20th century, in the United States, in magazines known as pulp fiction. With that, the genre started to develop itself, as magazine fans would give their opinion about the stories and, also, tried to write their own stories. One of these readers has become a great author of the genre and with his short stories he enabled readers to imagine how the world would be if there were robots so smart as human beings. This author, named Isaac Asimov, ended up influencing several other writers, movie directors and TV series producers who would create other very popular stories, such as Star Wars, Star Trek, Terminator, 2001: Space Odyssey, and others. As in Asimov’s short stories, these narratives will always put men before robots, which are sometimes friendly and helpful, and other times are mean and threatening to humans. In light of this, this paper proposes a study of three of Isaac Asimov’s short stories, published in pulp magazines in the 1940s and published as a compilation in the 1950s under the title of I, Robot, and of the movie Artificial Intelligence, directed by Steven Spielberg in 2001. The analysis of the corpus aims to comprehend how the relation between men and machine is established in Science Fiction and what this relation means, both in the 20th century literature and in the contemporary cinema.

It is known from the literature that Brazilian public education needs, and much, to improve its quality. In the year 2016, data of the World Economic Forum demonstrate that Brazil is in the last positions, one of the worst educations in the world. In the area of science, the country occupies the 133th position and in the overall ranking occupies the 131th, were evaluated 139 countries. It is necessary that there is a change more quickly, for this the Federal Constitution guarantees access to education compulsory and free, recognized as subjective public right. In this sense, the article 206, VII, brings the principle of minimum standard of educational quality, because it should be guaranteed the minimum to all students, whether at any level. The public policies for the evaluation of quality in Brazilian public education arose from the need to obtain data of school quality, to take the necessary decisions in public policy, aiming to reach the public education, improving the quality, management and other relevant goals. It is understood that in order to achieve the quality in public school it is necessary a set of elements, which are shown in the course of this research. Data indicate several factors that contribute to the improvement of the quality of teaching, as well as elements that cause it to fall. It is believed that in order to measure the level of quality is necessary assessments on a large scale based on parameters to verify the particularity of each educational institution, with the aim of taking measures for each case. In this way, public actions have already been implemented and others will be created to fulfill this agenda to achieve the quality of public education. It is demonstrated the methods of assessment of Basic Education that Brazil uses, they are the SAEB – Basic Education Assessment System and the ANRESC, or Brazil Test; Brazil Little Test; Education Development Plan - PDE; IDEB - Basic Education Development Index and Pisa that in English means: Program for International Student Assessment, which means in Portuguese Programa de Avaliação Internacional de Estudantes. A Systematization and mapping of many public policies assessment of education quality was done, to enrich the studies about the educational quality subject.

This doctoral thesis whose theme is competition in tangible goods market caused by tax planning and the efficiency of enterprises aims to investigate the legal and economic problems caused by the preponderance of large companies using technology to ensure gains in a market in constant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the main reasons that lead consumers to purchase their goods through e-commerce. Given to tax and economic analysis, one may conclude that factors such as price, convenience and safety have made the difference in competition in this type of business activity. The methodology is based on literature, using classical and contemporary works on Law and Economics. Throughout this research, one can notice the constant evolution of this type of market as well as the migration of traditional businesses to this new niche of transactions, not only because of the incomes that it may generate, but mainly because of what they can represent in the medium and long term: their survival in a highly competitive market.

This study aims to analyze the economics of stagflation, extremely deleterious condition characterized by the presence of stagnation of the economy associated with high inflation, thus it is a situation of great macroeconomic imbalance, with significant social implications, and interest in law. Initially, this research will study the theme through the economic field. In this way, the analysis of inflation side of the disorder denotes impact on price stability, arbitrary redistribution of resources, wage disorder, discouragement of savings and investments, in addition to imply increased interest rate, and negative influence on economic growth in the long run. The recessive side demonstrates reduced production of goods and services, fall of social welfare, non-use of productive resources, and increase of unemployment. After, the analysis will be made of its interaction with science of law, through constitutional paradigm. This correlation shows contrast between this situation and the constitutional economic order, with opposition to its fundamentals of human labor and free enterprise, to its purposes of dignified existence and social justice, and contrasts with the constitutional economics principles of sovereignty, free competition, consumer protection, reduction of regional and social inequalities, pursuit of full employment and favorable treatment for small businesses. This research will investigate the related economic policies. Inadequate policies are etiologic factors for Stagflation, in this way, as all state actions, are subject to limits and controls, especially constitutional. Finally, this study will discuss the interrelationship between economic policy, stagflation and development. The macroeconomics of stagflation is the polar opposite of a development macroeconomics, so governments should implement economic policies that combat stagflation and boost development.

Este artigo analisa a eficácia da hermenêutica enquanto propósito jurídico. Sob o viés do uso da técnica interpretativa como instrumento de promoção da justiça, verificaremos no caso da criminalização da homotransfobia - por equiparação ao crime de racismo, promovido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasileiro - a promoção da efetividade da norma. Busca-se, através dessa análise, evidenciar a necessidade de aplicação da hermenêutica para que se alcance a plena e equânime justiça de fato. Para isso, é realizada uma breve contextualização histórica dos diversos tipos de manifestações sexuais. Passa-se o foco à homossexualidade, seus estigmas sociais e problemas legais enfrentados. Por conseguinte, trazemos os movimentos históricos que lutaram por isonomia e suas infrutíferas tentativas de promoção de direitos por meio da via legislativa. Analisaremos o controle de constitucionalidade e explanaremos sobre a hermenêutica. Por fim, verificaremos a interpretação constitucional como concretização. Faz-se uma análise do Mandado De Injunção 4.733/DF em conjunto com a Ação Direta De Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão 26/DF; quais argumentos são expostos e como o uso da hermenêutica firma-se em instrumento de promoção da efetividade da justiça social, ao se criminalizar a homotransfobia por equiparação a Lei de Racismo. Busca-se concluir quais serão os efeitos imediatos e futuros de tal julgamento para a sociedade.

Currently, the Uber app is the great pioneer of the new economic engineering called the “Sharing Economy” and is also the greatest example of innovation and disruption with regard to urban mobility in the 21st century. In this way, this dissertation addresses the main economic, regulatory, political and social impacts that the technological platform Uber provided when it arrived in Brazil, stirring up debates about its regulation. From a competitive perspective, the present study shows the main characteristics of the competitive market between the technological application and the taxi service in the city of São Paulo and the innovations brought to the individual passenger transport market. Using an empirical analysis of the Public Choice Theory, this research demonstrates the incidence of interest groups in the regulation of the economic activity of the technological platform in the capital of São Paulo, studying the legislative and judicial behavior of political agents in the spheres of the Legislative and Judiciary. In addition, the paper presents contemporary discussions on academic neologisms such as Gig Economy and "Uberization" of labor relations, providing discussions about labor relations, economic and social impacts of court decisions and current data about informal work and unemployment.

The main objective of this study is to evalulate the banking infuence on the development of aviculture products, by providing lines of credit to this setor, effectively enhancing the performance of poultry production, as is perceived by the unit Managers, and the Participant in the productive arrangements. Therefore, based on the knowledgable works of various authors, on the inter-organizational networks, a two step survey was conceived. The first step, considered exploratory in nature, utilized a sample of six managers: one from each participating company integrating the research, two from the financial institution participant in the productive arrangements, and two managers from the integrated units. The data collected and analyzed permitted: a) a greater understanding of the productive arrangements in Poultry Production, b) a comparison of the perceptions of managers against the literature reviewed, and c) the preparation of the questionnaires used in the second step of the research. The second step is considered descriptive in nature. We obtained a sample of 400 poultry farmers (or respondents), of which, 200 respondents were linked to each integrated corporation (or cold storage facility participants). The data collected and processed by means of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis, presented the following results: a) significant statistical differences (α ≤ 0.05) in having banking credit access by the integrated units, and among the integrating company that had the direct presence of financial institution and, as well as, those that did not have such involvement, b) a positive relationship between banking credit access and the quality of investments, and c) no statistically significant relationship (α ≤ 0.05) between the quality of investments and the productive performance of the aviaries. The obtained results, concluded that the existence of a financial institution in the productive arrangement contributed to the overall improvement of the conditions for obtaining bank financing. Thus positively affecting the quality of investments. Nevertheless, the study did not provide evidence for the influence of financial intermediation in the productive performance of aviculture.

O mundo vem passando por uma revolução financeira com o surgimento das criptomoedas, e tem-se vislumbrado a expansão e valorização das mesmas, como, por exemplo, através dos bitcoins, uma modalidade de criptomoeda. Isso acarreta na alteração das características elementares do sistema financeiro, como a centralização da moeda em um terceiro confiável, qual seja, o banco. Nesse sentido, analisar-se-ão algumas regulamentações estrangeiras, sobretudo americana, acerca das criptomoedas, bem como a posição atual do Brasil, para, por fim, analisar a aplicabilidade da legislação brasileira de combate à lavagem de dinheiro (Lei nº 9.613/98) nos crimes utilizando-se criptomoedas.

The Long Term Evolution (LTE) system belongs to the 4th generation phone system. It is standardized by 3GPP and utilizes several technologies to improve the performance of data transmission. This permits flexibility for mobile devices, which enables a high data rate in the range of 50 Mbps to 100 Mbps, and admit access to various multimedia services. The study presents the results of deploying an LTE network in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, using the 700 MHz band by comparing it to the 2.5 GHz band. By calculating the budget for the LTE system link is information as possible to highlight throughput and cell coverage radius, and other information. The Radio Mobile software was used for verification of results.

IPM - Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This research approaches the application of DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) to the operational and financial performance of companies of local public transport of passengers by bus in the city of São Paulo in the year of 2011, at the same time in which it presents theoretical referential about benchmarking, about the DEA method, its concepts, methodology, and some applications in transport, and about the measurement of economic and financial performance of those companies. The methodology of this research consists in the identification of a DEA model to be applied to both the measurement of the operational efficiency and the financial one, obtaining a score of efficiency to each of them, afterward for applying Pearson’s Correlation and for verifying the level of correlation between these efficiencies. The data used in this study were verified from (i) technical and operational reports of São Paulo Transporte S/A, and from (ii) account statements of each firm, all of them from 2010 and 2011. The results attained show that there is a larger dispersion in the score of financial efficiency than in the operational one. It wasn´t possible to apply Regression Analysis. The correlational level was moderate, suggesting that new researches may be conducted for detecting other motives that complement the relationship between operational efficiency and financial one in public transportation by bus in the city of São Paulo.

O encarceramento no Brasil é seletivo e tem aumentado exponencialmente nos últimos anos. Pessoas privadas de liberdade vivem condições de superlotação e extrema insalubridade, que fazem com o que sistema prisional brasileiro seja alvo de denúncias recorrentes. Conforme prevê a legislação penal brasileira, ao final do cumprimento da pena os detidos retornam ao convívio social e sua efetiva reintegração tem conexão intrínseca com as condições de reclusão. É nesse contexto que se situa a importância de debater a saúde no sistema penitenciário, afinal, a garantia de saúde física e mental é pressuposto básico para o convívio social. Além disso, os presos são considerados cidadãos e por isso tem garantidos todos os direitos que não sejam incompatíveis com a sentença penal condenatória. Entretanto, embora essa garantia exista formalmente, sua aplicação demonstra-se limitada. Uma alternativa é a construção de políticas públicas de saúde específicas para o Sistema Penitenciário. Neste trabalho, pretendemos analisar uma delas: o Plano Nacional de Saúde no Sistema Penitenciário.

This dissertation deals with the relationship of Christianity and culture from the perspective of Richard H. Niebuhr, John Gresham Machen, and T. M. Moore`s categorizations. It presents, in these categories of reactions to culture, the transformationist or conversionist point of view as the one to be preferred in this relationship. It identifies the reformer John Calvin as the main exponent and referential of conversionism. The key to the interpretation of the relationship of Christianity and culture is located in the doctrine of common grace. The dissertation draws attention to the heirs of Calvin`s thought, especially Abraham Kuyper, who was the main responsible for the popularization of the doctrine. It also considers the controversy involving the Christian Reformed Church due to internal disagreements around the doctrine of Common Grace. It concludes by demonstrating the theological formula that present-day Calvinists have articulated Concerning this doctrine, reasserting it as the best way to see the relationship of Christianity and culture.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present discusses the subject of the technological innovation in the Information Technology (IT) segment services sector, specifically in Brazilian market, addressing questions about the key factors for the innovation, and whether or not there are earnings for the companies which innovate. It starts from the hypothesis that the constructs "technological regime" and "innovative environment" are the basis for the innovative performance of the companies and, consequently for the enterprise performance . The relevance of the present study is credited due to: a) the lack of national studies regarding the same subject, b) attainment of the technological regime evidences as a propellant to the innovation, and c) the innovation impact of the enterprise performance subdivided into innovative and economic performance in the Information Technology (IT) segment services sector in Brazil. To emphasize the relevance of the subject, it is important to mention that the added value of the services sector of the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development countries (OECD, 2005), already surpasses the remaining sectors of the economy. The study, which is exploratory, approaches and relates, theoretically and empirically, existing and new concepts, such as: technological regime", innovative profile , innovative performance and economic performance . The study includes foreign classic authors such as Schumpeter, Lundvall, Nelson, Malerba, Orsenigo, Galluj, Sundbo, among others, together with modern studies of national contemporaries authors, as: Kon, Tiger, Meirelles, Kubota, among others. As research method, the Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP, edition 2001) database from Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE) Foundation was used and, through quantitative analysis, supported by statistical techniques as factorial analysis, structural equations modelling, reached relevant results proving correlations among the constructs (structural modelling). Manipulation instruments, programs (software) as SPSS and SmartPLS were also used. The findings obtained through the secondary data manipulation had showed an alignment with the theory, sustaining that the innovation in services happens more strongly by interaction or cooperation (external) among companies, rather than by research and development (R&D), as observed in the industrial sector (manufacturing). Additionally, the construct factors technological regime and innovation environment enable an innovative profile in the companies. Such innovative profile stimulates a differentiated performance either in qualitative aspects, as for example, new products launching, market share increasing, or in quantitative aspects in the economic performance construct showed in the indicators equity per capita and fixed asset per capita . Considering the obtained results, the presented hypotheses prove that the factors of the technological regime and the nature of the innovation environment explain the innovation and this explains both differentiated innovative and economic performance . Therefore, it evidences the relationship among such factors, in the structural model, and of the indicators composing its constructs, in the measuring model.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present work aims to study the rules of the Brazilian legal system, and the guidelines of international law, ratified by Brazil, with focus on international treaties that protect human rights and legal mechanisms to identify those capacity to safeguard the maroon communities in accordance with the constitutional command. The research also aims to investigate the legal effectiveness of the constitutional provision under Article 68 of the Transitory Constitutional Provisions and finally enter into the study of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of Decree 4887 of November 20, 2003, regulating the procedure identification, recognition, demarcation and titling of lands occupied by the maroon communities. All research topics are directly linked to questions of recognition and affirmation of the black population in Brazil. The interdisciplinary study aimed at the path to understanding the legal concepts that traced the history of Brazilian black cumin in a slave, until the advent of the 1988 Constitution, which the keynote of their fundamental principles in Articles 215, 216 and Article 68 of the Transitional Constitutional Provisions Act, redeem and humanize the dignity of an entire population that for centuries was the target of terrorist attack committed with people because of his black race and its culture.

Hoping to contribute to enlarge the discussions about the subject of the cultural intertextualidade, the objective of the present dissertation is to contemplate on the parody concept in the film O Lamparina (1964) of Amácio Mazzaropi dedicated to the representation in the social and cultural universe of the caipira with the satire of the cangaço films and about the historical illustration of the most famous cangaceiro Lampião. We will present the influences that passed over comedian Mazzaropi s road, searching to identify to personage caipira in its history lived from the circus-theater to the dimension as director, actor, producer and writer of their own films. We will discuss also some reasons of the critics' indifference, that they joined in the movement called New Movies. Basing on those studies this research moves in an interdisciplinary way through the languages History of the Culture and Cinematographic, presenting the encounter among culture; caipira and cangaceiro , in the way that they are expressed in the fiction condition in the film O Lamparina and in the historical references.