Repositório RCAAP

In 1259, the General Chapter of the Order of Preachers records in its minutes, what is conventionally called ratio studiorum, a series of determinations that were intended to organize and regulate the practice of the study among  the Dominican friars. Inserted in major universities since its founding in 1216, followers of Dominic associated regularly with the corporations of students and teachers as a way to guarantee that they considered their mission: the cura animarum. The salvation of christians was possible especially through the preaching based on proper knowledge of the Scriptures. The action of the Preachers provoked criticism and resistance from other ecclesiastical, especially among the clergy who attended the universities, which saw the friars as competitors in their pastoral duties. The Order itself was also facing internal disagreements in what was referred to the role of study among the religious. This article will argue that the ratio studiorum presented itself as an instrument for strengthening the Dominican identity, tying it closely to the practice of study, which would at the same time legitimize their position with the papal Curia and the faithful, and give it internal cohesion

Teachers of post-graduate programs presented an increase in requests for sick leaves, mainly by symptoms or sequela of cardiovascular diseases. By using a questionnaire addressed to teachers of post-graduate courses, this study aimed to: i) identify how many of them had performed frequent physical exercise, balanced diets and medical visits, and other factors, and compare this: i) with the occurrence of cardiac interventions, coronary heart diseases, strokes and cerebral vascular accident; and ii) with the number of scientific production and the average number of advisees per year. 540 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Our working hypothesis was accepted, that is: the increase in the number of scientific production and the average number of advisees per year was directly related with the increase on the average occurrence of cardiac procedures, coronary heart disease, stroke and cerebral vascular accident (ischemic and hemorrhagic) in teachers of post-graduation, mainly due to the lack of a balanced diet, physical activities regularly supervised, and frequent medical visits, which is justified by the excessive workload out of work time in order to maintain the quality indicators of post-graduate programs and updated curriculum.

In our text we try to call the attention to the fact that, concerning the sources, the most important aspect is the researcher who considers them. This consideration is a product of history, thus in each period and according to his social and political status, the researcher will conceive the sources in a particular way. Therefore, there is no single way to deal with the sources, which is unrelated to how the researcher behaves in relation to contemporary issues.

The content of the interpretations of the Jesuits’ action in the eighteenth century is the subject of this article. The main goal is to show that they are the product of the history itself, as it was the educational project of the ‘Companhia de Jesus’ in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. From this perspective, the condemning content in the analysis of the most distinguished authors of this time reveals the historical character of that institution: given the new educational and social demands of the bourgeois society, the ‘Companhia de Jesus’ no longer had the same importance from the previous centuries. It should also be noted that the content of the interpretations, more than revealing the importance of those educators in the history, show the seventeenth-century authors’ commitment with the new interests that have guided the life of the mankind. Finally, we emphasize that this reflection about the different ways to condemn the ‘Companhia’, both spatially and temporally, also help to reflect about the reasons for some criticism have been overcome by history, and others have persisted, despite the social changes inherent to human practice.

The first Christian images  appeared on catacomb walls and on the surfaces of sarcophagi of burial sites. The main idea was to transmit the definitive possibility of eternal salvation to the faithful. The images also  called upon sacred history and  encouraged Christian piety, besides embellishing burial sites. The gradual emergence of several religious texts, of diverse and controversial content,  stimulated decisions on which writings were canonic and which were apocryphal. At the same time, the tolerance of the Roman Empire towards Christianism caused a proliferation of places where these images could be put. Many new themes appeared, while others (which were) already existent were modified and adapted, strengthening the iconographic repertory from the second century onwards, mainly under the influence of apocryphal books. The images related to the lives of Mary and Jesus, later condemned by the Church, were designed and shaped under ecclesiastic approval, occupying  important places and those of high visibility in religious meeting places.  

The study was conducted in a school of the black community of Furnas do Dionísio (Jaraguari, Mato Grosso do Sul State). For its realization, initially, a test with questions of botany was applied to the students to identify the absence or presence of subsumers classified into adequate or partially adequate. This analysis was used for the planning and production of instructional strategies in order to facilitate interaction between new information and background on the student's cognitive structure in order to promote learning. After, educational interventions have been proposed based on dialogue between traditional knowledge and science in the classroom. Based on the results of these strategies and concept maps based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning of David Ausubel, built by students on the proposed content, we concluded that learning was satisfactory. Taking into account the methodology used to investigate the local knowledge about medicinal plants, it is concluded that this contribution was significant to the learning of botany. 

To Hadewijch the virtues were not inborn nor grew spontaneously, on the contrary, should be cultivated within each Christian, it was a matter of study, exercise. The Christian principles had to be constantly encouraged and practiced in order that women did not departed from Christ ideal that as a men was an example of love and virtues. In this sense the work of Hadewijch should be seen from its pedagogical and catechetical function that emphasized the moral behaviors that supported the beguines religiosity.

The proposed curriculum, as embodiment of culture, of relations of power, politics and economy are manifested in the university through pedagogical projects of their courses - PPC. In this way, considering the relevance of the question in a time of democratizing access to education, it must be also considered how will or how is being performed the permanence of all people in university, and how the future science teachers are being prepared for the diversity. Thus, we analyzed the PPC of the licentiate courses in sciences (Biology, Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry) of a public institution of higher education in Jataí City, Goiás State, focusing on Inclusive Education and how it is being dealt in these training courses for teachers. In the documents of the examined courses, there was no reference to training for diversity, and no discipline or reference approaching this subject.

Current analysis is a study on alternative and assisted communication to understand the care specifications of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The study results from a teaching project Olhar que fala [Eyes that speak], supported by the State University of Maringá (April - October 2010) funded by Historical and Cultural Psychology. The latter considers language as an essential condition for humanization and current study aims at finding alternatives for the expression of thought by people disease-hindered to establish effective oral, verbal, written and sign communication. Methodology used was the register of letters printed on a frame so that the diseased person might indicate the letters by eye movements with a subsequent composition of words and phrases by a mediating researcher. Mediation was undertaken by undergraduates of the Pedagogy Course of the State University of Maringá. Results show that the appropriation activities of contents by the diseased persons could be maintained since they were not deprived of consciousness, hearing and sight. The process also allowed the objectivization of contents and the testing of a low-tech alternative communication for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

This article examines De cultu feminarum of the Tertullian and the imortance of weaving instruction as an admonition to modesty illustrating how during certain periods of Christianity women were also the object of educational activities.

This paper seeks to analyze the main issues concerning the main tensions to be resolved by the education, aiming to clear the theme of cultural diversity. Here in it is argued in the context of the emergence of concepts, such as cultural diversity, pluralism, multiculturalism, interculturality, identity, among others. This study is based on a research conducted by teachers of the area of public policy of the State University of Maringá, which examine important aspects of the history of Brazilian education, in particular documents of international organizations like UNESCO.

The objective of this study was to evaluate and apply the Bioinformatics theoretical contents and practical for the course students in Biological Sciences Degree Fully enrolled in the disciplines of General Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Ceara in 2010. The theoretical approach previously tested (RIBEIRO JUNIOR, 2011) consisted of a presentation of historical concepts, basic and specific to current advances in research involved the areas of molecular biology. The practice of "Building a Molecular Phylogeny in Silico" is designed to become functional in practice the concepts presented above, using the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, and their sequence alignment tool, the BLASTp (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool Protein-Protein.) positive results obtained with the application of the lecture Introduction to Bioinformatics and practical activities were highlighted with the characterizations of molecular phylogenies of the sequences hypothetical proposals for the implementation of the alignments and the statements of students mentioned above. These activities were seen as essential so that students could experience step by step to a better understanding of the emerging field of life sciences: the Bioinformatics. 

Considerations and notes on the formation of future teachers and teaching in higher education are provided. The organization, proposals of post-graduate courses and the formation of university teachers to teach and train adequately undergraduates of different courses are analyzed. The phenomenological-hermeneutic approach of current research permeated the issue and triggered a meta-analytic investigation based on the interpretation, understanding and analysis of contents. The following question foregrounded current analysis: What do articles published in the Revistas Brasileiras de Educação reveal on the formation of future teachers? What were the themes discussed in the articles published in online Revistas Brasileiras de Educação during 1999-2009. The approach of these themes was highly significant, especially due to the need for knowing and developing discussions based on the teachers’ pedagogical training and the manner this is dealt with in several articles on Education.

This article reports on the partnership between the Group of Studies and Research in School Physical Education and Teacher Training (Gepefe/UEPG/CNPq) affiliated with the Graduate Program in Education (UEPG/PR), and the Nucleus of Studies and Teacher Training in Peace and Coexistence Education (NEP/UEPG). This partnership has contributed to the creation of the research line ‘Physical Education, Sport and Education for Peace: conceptual, methodological and teacher training dimensions’ in Gepefe. The goal of this article is to present more specific ideas for a convergence between the educational perspectives in sport and school physical education, mediated by the issue of teacher training. When considering aspects present in the discussion on the education for peace (coexistence, conflict, violence and peace), we find specifics to consider actions in teacher training. This process emerges as Brazil is experiencing a special moment in sports, with international events planned for the coming years, thereby expanding the need for thematic reflections regarding violence and coexistence in sports. This leads to reflections on the fundamental role of sports education in forming values of coexistence and debating teacher training in physical education for that reality. 

In this article we will talk about the relevance of dramatic texts in schools. Therefore we will approach the tragedies Hamlet, Macbeth, Otelo e King Lear de William Shakespeare and how teachers can explore them as a help in the teaching of languages without forgetting that they are dramatic and literary texts. When we refer to languages, we want to say any language, because Shakespearean texts are ageless, may have many meanings and deal with human nature. The theatre is in our lives and in this case it is relevant to quote William Shakespeare himself that said that “life is a stage and we are actors”. Starting from this, we will consider the best ways of using the tragedies Hamlet, Macbeth, Otelo e King Lear in the classroom.  

This excerpt (adapted) presents an analysis of interviews performed with three (3) deaf students about their perceptions and educational experiences in the context of educational institutions and special education. Through this study it is confirmed that students are aware of some difficulties of special schools, besides feeling prejudiced because of these flaws. The analysis of the interviews about some perceptions of deaf students on their educational experiences in special schools allowed identifying, through their reports, recurring events within the special school, which nfluence or even limit the quality of education for these students. 

This article presents the authors' reflections on important issues related to how change occurs in complex social environments. These explorations have led the authors to propose a way of thinking, based on games for the formulation of a planning method. Reflecting on this way of thinking has led in turn to explore the ‘meta-thinking’. 

This corpus-based, descriptive bibliography survey, part of my Master’s in Education Thesis - Schooling Processes and Social Inequalities - aims at increasing knowledge on the intersection between Physical Education and Education. The main challenge of this article is to survey the available academic production in the field of School Physical Education. The results seem to point at the scarceness of published material, both on Physical Education in schools and on Education. Such findings thus demonstrate the need for further investigation and dialogue between these two areas of study. 

The hierarchical perspective on Trinitarian theology, as bonaventure understands it, is decisive for the understanding of its intellectual orientation in metaphysic, because it allows to underline the elements of unity and diversity that are constitutive part of any explanation of the relationship between absolute unity and contingent plurality. Closely linked to the neo-platonic orientation and, because of that, in total dependence on its illuminating nature, is the explanation that Buenaventure develops of the metaphysical-theological as the basis for the spiritual reality of the homo viator. In this paper we analyze, based on the concept of transcendental truth, the deductive instances operating in this dynamism as it is presented in the booklet De triplici via with the intention to indicate the unity present in the three viae, unity that pushes the man in the ascension that go through the anthropological instances of the image, the likeness and finaly deiformity, in the conceptual framework of the doctrine of exemplarism.  

Within the actual debate on citizenship within democracy, admitting a crisis in educational matters is highly relevant (NUSSBAUM, 2010; BERKOWITZ, 2001). Thus, if we want to understand why the ancient educational image is problematic and unsatisfying to the citizens of democratic governments, it is unavoidable, from the history of philosophy point of view, to quote the teaching of preeminent political theorists. Needless to say, the power of education in forming people’s character and opinions is widely recognized. Nonetheless, by looking at the history of the institution, it seems obvious that its purpose is not only to form habits but to circumscribe the knowledge of the persons in such a way as to make one set of opinions always inevitable (RUSSELL, 1961). Current paper reveals the theoretical presuppositions of the political and educational doctrines of two main figures of Ancient and Modern times, namely, Aristotle and Locke, respectively. Further considerations will ensue on whether the ancient image of virtue, or its antagonism and possible use in liberalism, has any power to represent the present conditions of equity and justice sought after in civil life within Latin American democracies.