Repositório RCAAP

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This study aims to identify the determinants of Brazil country risk level, during the period from February 1995 to August 2015, based on the deviations from the covered interest rate parity condition. These deviations represent a measure of the risk assumed by an investor who choose to invest in a Brazilian security in Brazil, rather than do it abroad. Using Autometrics, an algorithm for automatic model selection, developed by Doornik (2009), thirty-nine explanatories variables were selected from previous studies. The Brazil country risk level is susceptible to changes in the balance of payments, import by GDP, the deviation covered interest rate parity of the previous period, the inflation rate, the change in exports, total debt per GDP, and external debt by exports.

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Este trabalho tem por intenção analisar a produção de notícias falsas em dois sites que produzem e disseminam fake news sobre a política brasileira. Para isso, foram analisadas seis matérias: três do Diário do Brasil e outras três do Brasil 247. Ambos situados em polos ideologicamente opostos: direita e esquerda. Integram este estudo científico um breve retrospecto histórico-geográfico que remonta o surgimento de boatos na política durante a Reforma Protestante, na Madri do século XVII; as notícias falsas do jornal L'Ami du peuple, na Revolução Francesa; as fake news da Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial e Guerra Fria, bem como a produção de notícias falsas na atualidade. Foram estudados o formato do jornalismo tradicional, os critérios de noticiabilidade, os instrumentos de persuasão da grande mídia e como foram apropriados pelos produtores das fake news. Investigar os elementos que compõem a criação de factoides dirigidos a determinados públicos foi a proposta deste trabalho, bem como a conscientização do leitor perante um fenômeno não oriundo deste século, mas sim potencializado com o advento das mídias digitas

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a imprescindibilidade do diagnóstico socioambiental para o instituto da regularização fundiária de interesse social (Reurb-S) aplicada às ocupações irregulares localizadas em áreas de proteção e preservação de mananciais (APRM) na cidade de São Paulo, por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Para que a regularização fundiária de interesse social possa ser percebida como uma política pública efetiva para a garantia dos direitos fundamentais, é necessário que os seus pressupostos sejam devidamente observados e aplicados. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo busca avaliar a eficiência do diagnóstico socioambiental, como um pressuposto ambiental da Reurb-S, na proteção e preservação das áreas de proteção e recuperação de mananciais que se encontram irregularmente ocupadas, bem como para a garantia dos direitos fundamentais, em especial, os direitos à dignidade da pessoa humana e ao meio ambiente equilibrado e saudável para aqueles que ocupam.

This study seeks to understand social business models from the logic of creation, configuration and sharing of social value. Through qualitative research with managers from three social organizations and four partners, analyzes and interpretations related to the design of the business model of these organizations were carried out. It starts from a conceptual model where the creation of value is based on the attendance of the social needs, objectifying the social transformation. The configuration of social value is supported by the social mission, cultural norms and moral values of the company and the multiple actors that make up its value network. Shared value is based on the sustainability of all members of the value network. As a conclusion, it was identified that when the social organization has the configuration of its well-structured business model and has a well-structured network of partners, the organization is more able to create social value, to appropriate the results and share the Social value created.

The present thesis investigates the relationship between higher education and autonomy for Brazilian women. Education has been defended as the greatest instrument capable of transforming societies and combating injustice, inequality and prejudice and higher education as the way of training highly qualified professionals to perform the highest paid jobs. Women, in the world and in Brazil, embraced education and since the end of the twentieth century are the most university students, and they account for almost 40% of the workforce, yet they still receive lower wages than men, still are fewer in places of power and representation and are almost exclusively responsible for domestic and family tasks. This thesis is divided into four chapters, starting with the analysis of higher education and its role for the construction of equality and autonomy, presenting what is considered higher education and what is the role of this education in the contemporary capitalist gear, then proceed to the narrative about the course of Brazilian women in higher education, their mishaps and conquests; the third chapter focuses on the feminization of professions and their effects on labor markets and specifically analyzes the three "imperial ¿professions: Law, Medicine and Engineering; Finally, the question of the bipolarity of women's work, the models of reconciliation between work and family, and how the law interferes or not in the division of these functions between the sexes. The development of the research employed both national and international bibliographies on gender, education, fundamental rights and official and institutional statistical data on the reality of women today.

The objective of this research is to investigate what is the role of art in the new teaching model, PEI, Integral Education Program in Early Years, implemented in 2015, in E. E. Cel. Raul Humaitá Villa Nova, the first half of 2015. This research analyzes the role of art in three specific moments: the Artistic Languages classes in art classes and directed lunch. Therefore, the literature was used, document analysis, the logbook and conducting a focus group. This work is based on the following authors Bogdan and Biklen, Wendling and Campos Moraes, Gatti, Lüdke and Andrew when dealing with issues related to the methodology. Martins, Martins/Picosque and Guerra, Ferraz and Fusari, Christov, among others, when referring to the teaching art. The work presents the analysis of documents and tutorials of the new teaching model, the logbook and the focus group emphasizing the role of art in the studied school.

This thesis has as a multidisciplinary challenge, to discuss the various types of construction permits, as a more democratic theme and to prove that there is a difficult, complex, and full of obstacles (mischief) about the licensing of civil construction in Brazil. To elaborate on the difficulties that we face professionally, in obtaining the official and legal documents for the effective realization of the regular architectural good, in face of the numerous irregularities and cultural contradictions of the Brazilian edile building, with emphasis only the jurisdiction of the State of São Paulo. Due to the great complexity of the legislation and the plurality of technical norms, we seek to organize and write on the theme of the path of regular edlic licensing (the challenge of this thesis), in front of a country still so young and disorderly in its fullness. The barriers and non-uniformities of administrative procedures, fragile and imprecise land registers and registers are the background to achieving the regularity of civil construction, in this chaotic and complex scenario, were the main motives in writing about urban permits and also for verifying very little literature on construction permits specifically. In this importance, we will present the sequences of the permits and their variations. Its concepts, its stages and its foundations. We will present the different types of permits that can occur in the search for regularity of the building construction, based on the Codes of Work of the Municipal of São Paulo. The AVCB, the Inspection Body of the Fire Department, will have a special emphasis in a chapter, due to its preventive importance of firefighting of the buildings as a state regulation, and also for its tie with the release of the operating license and the "inhabit", when applied in accordance with legislation. Negative debit certificates (CND) of taxes, emoluments and fees that intertwine with the building licensing procedures will be analyzed and discussed also because of the importance of obtaining the "inhabit". An important theme for all people to understand what consolidates the set of documents that prove the regular building. Approved plants, permits and tax on the day. And closing the analysis, in the last chapter on what is the regular architectural property on a regular terrain. The thesis proves and explains the way of construction permits and their typologies. To discuss the impasses of urban licensing, the difficulties faced by administrative silence, the fragility of inspection and the lack of preparation of technicians and future architects and engineers, is our concern to help in the professional maturity of all.

The scope and limits of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes have aroused much debate. Therefore, clear rules on intellectual property are fundamental, as the effects of the misuse of patents in the pharmaceutical field have repercussions on access to medicines, as evidenced by this work. Generic drugs are generally produced after the expiration of the patent term of the reference drug, and constitute an effective public policy. Promoting access to innovative medicines and other medical technologies at affordable costs to a larger portion of the population has been a public health concern. The issue is related to intellectual property rules, especially after the TRIPS Agreement, and the implementation of these rules by the Member States of the World Trade Organization (WTO). As a result of the research we identified at least two strategies used in the pharmaceutical field. The first one is called second uses, and the second data protection test. These strategies are responsible for extending patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes, with clear detriment to the National Medicines Policy. The basis of this research is composed of themes with strong interdisciplinary links.

Crown Embalagens S.A.

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The dividend policy is essential for companies as it is related to investing and financing decisions. In addition, companies pay significant amounts as dividends. Moreover, despite the development of various theories and the accomplishment of numerous empirical results, there is no consensus on what is achieved. Stimulated by these factors, this paper seeks to study the relationship between dividend policy of firms and information asymmetries in the Brazilian capital market, or in other words, empirically verify the adherence of signaling theory in the Brazilian market. Furthermore, it sought to validate the classical determinants of dividend policy (size, growth potential, profitability and risk). To conduct this study, it was used four different measures to evaluate the dividend policy of firms, related to the decisions on to pay dividends or not, how much to pay, to initiate the payment and to increase the amount paid. We used two statistical methods: panel data with fixed effect and regression with LOGIT model for binary variable. The sample of companies has involved those which are listed on the BOVESPA and the data used encompassed the period from 2000 to 2009. The results show that profitability is the most important dividend determinant, indicating that more profitable firms pay more dividends. The "market-to-book" ratio proved to be a significant factor in determining the amount of dividend paid and is related more to profitability than the company's growth potential, since this indicator can take on the dual meanings. The risk is significant and negatively related to companies' decision to pay dividends or not. On the other hand, the results do not support the signaling theory of dividends.

The National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) is one of the largest development banks and an important long-term financing and investment institution in several segments of the Brazilian economy. Odebrecht was one of the companies benefiting from volatile disbursements made by the bank. The investigations conducted by the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) suggest that Odebrecht built a sophisticated scheme for the payment of bribes to public agents who had influence in state bodies, including the BNDES. The leniency agreement between the MPF and the company's former CEO, Marcelo Odebrecht, helps to interpret campaign donation as a way in which the company could repay undue advantages achieved through the intervention of political actors. Thus, there is an invitation to a deeper analysis on the practice of rent-seeking follows a patrimonialist dynamic. In this sense, the present work aims to verify the explanatory value of a theoretical approach based on the TEP and the Austrian School to analyze the patrimonialist relations between the BNDES and Odebrecht. It brings a case study on the relationships between these two agents during the years 2008 and 2014 using relevant data from judicial investigations already completed. Through this information it is possible to verify the explanatory value that the two theories have for a better analysis of the undue advantages obtained between private and public agents through patrimonialist relations. The work suggests that new developments in ongoing investigations may bring relevant information that if analyzed in the light of the relevant theoretical framework will contribute to a better compliance process and integrity channels to regulate the discretion of BNDES and other government agencies.

The central theme of this thesis is the analysis of the context of the production, commerce and consumption of ethanol in Brazil in its economic history, as well as the positioning of the country in the promotion of public policies of this sector, thus demonstrating that the product can, by its competitive advantages, promote a cleaner energy matrix, less dependence on imported energy sources, and thus move towards energy security. Since its colonization, the Brazilian economy has been based on the commodity trade, among which is sugarcane, which, although in a cyclical way, has until today an important role in the country's economy. Since the oil crisis of the 1970s, states were forced to rethink their energy matrix, a situation that was no different in Brazil, which saw the potential of biofuels produced from this raw material: ethanol. At that moment, under strong intervention and state subsidy, Proálcool was born, which allowed the product to gain an important space, as well as the cars moved by that fuel. With the improvement in the international price of oil, this matrix became discredited: the subsidies fell and Proálcool was extinguished, beginning a new period for sugar cane and its derivatives: that of deregulation, which began in 1997. Since 2008, with the creation of flex technology cars, ethanol has returned to the agenda, but in anephemeral way, since national enthusiasm was not sustained by long-term energy policies, again frustrating private initiative that bet on ethanol and generating bankruptcy of several plants. In 2015, again, the mood was turned to the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in which a more concrete commitment was made to improve the participation of biofuels in the energy matrix in Brazil, with an 18% share of bioenergy by 2030. In order for ethanol to become one of the main national energy matrixes, it is necessary to analyze the role that the State has played over time and how it should behave today to make it possible, something that can be seen from the advent of the Law n. 13,576, dated December 26, 2017, which provides for the National Biofuels Policy (RenovaBio), which promises to bring clarity, security and predictability to the production and trade of ethanol, promoting environmental, economic and social gains for Brazil.

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Introduction: This text describes the study conducted by the author on Signify's business to create a partnership with distributors to operate in the lighting projects segment. Methodology Used: It was followed the problem-solving and opportunity-taking method proposed by Marcondes, Miguel, Franklin, and Perez (2017). Investigated Context: The lighting market has changed significantly after the LED introduction, allowing the participation of several new entrants, a fact that has hampered the business growth of and pressured the profitability of leading multinational in the segment. As a result Signify identified the potential to serve and create vale in projects wiht Luminaire and Connected Systems. Situation Diagnosis: It was started by analyzing the market, segment trends and reflection on the Signify and its distributors positioning. Afterwards, it was sought to understand the needs of end customers and the service conditions of customers, distributors and the company itself, in order to formulate a business model that could meet the expectations and requirements of medium complexity projects. Proposed Intervention: Based on the diagnosis, and innovative business model was proposed to offer on demand solutions and projects via the Distribution channel (Prof Trade), combining the company´s need to seek new business through differentiated offers to customers and develop this channel with a focus on projects. The model evolved throgh the definition and operation with distribution channel with a pilot to analyze its operational and financial viability. Obtained Results: Even in the pandemic period, the business model has achieved convincing results with partnerships already in place with two distributors and the contracting of two shared resources. In addition, the first project sales have been already occurred and delivered, and previous analysis indicates sustainable continuity in the company's business. Technological, Economic and Social Impact: This project has proven to be sustainable and in alignment with Signify's strategic objectives and with the market trend, and it can provide in the medium term a considerable increase in the company's revenues and its distributors, as well as improved profitability. It can also enhance partnerships with distributors, strengthening the brand in the market. This amplifies the project's potential impact and the relevance in the economic dimension, but also technological (through the incentive to new technologies) and social (generation of jobs in the distributor's area).

Nós. O ponto de partida desse trabalho é a observação de nós. Nós que nos amarram. Nós que soltam. Nós, humanos. É sobre ser parte desses nós. Seja na casa, no ônibus, no metrô, na rua, na praça, no prédio. É sobre tentar descobrir pra onde nós vamos...

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa