Repositório RCAAP

As a doctor, manager of public instruction, school owner, man of the press, schoolbook author, traveler, guidance counselor, Dr. Abilio César Borges undertook a few initiatives in the public and private sphere, as a means to demonstrate educational principles he supported with regard to methods of teaching, learning of reading, writing, arithmetic and geometry, childhood education and corporal punishments, for example. By occupying separate knowledge and power positions, the Bahia doctor sought to manage his initiatives, which can be endorsed in the expressive documentation produced in life. In this work, we examine the propaganda he developed against the use of paddling and other demeaning practices in youth instruction. This campaign was made public through manifestations between 1856 and 1875, which were grouped in a pamphlet published in 1876. In this collection of 9 fragments from the author about the scourge of childhood, the doctor shaped human representation of schools, whose good example could be found in the schools of his property. In 1876, in order to heighten his positions, approaching the newspaper "O Globo", recognizing it as an ally and an appropriate vehicle to give more visibility to his moral education project against physical violence in schools.  

In previous works, we addressed the relationship between Church, State and Education in Brazil, focusing on the Catholic Church, who settled here since the colonial period with primary schools, colleges and missions. With the Marquis of Pombal and the expulsion of the Jesuits, this Church gradually lost power. It was almost silenced during the Imperial period, finally to re-emerge starting with the proclamation of the Republic, and to revive during the first three decades of the twentieth century. In this battle, the Church was supported by some Catholic intellectuals, who participated actively in the renewal. In addition to these intellectuals, the Church also counted on the missionary and educational work of bishops and regular religious figures, who educated, evangelized and assisted people in their spiritual and material difficulties. At the same time, they were silent on conflicts between the oppressed population and the State, especially in Brazil's most impoverished regions. It is worth discussing the role of intellectuals and religious figures, and question to what extent their influence pointed to social change or confirmed an attitude of submission to order, authority and social stability.  

A partir do desenvolvimento urbano e da consolidação das universidades, no século XIII, verifica-se a produção de uma literatura culta com vistas ao diálogo acadêmico e, sobretudo, sob a forma de um projeto educacional para a sociedade cristã. Nesse contexto, assumiram papel de destaque as Ordens Mendicantes, responsáveis pela evangelização. Entre os Franciscanos, fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um amplo conjunto de recursos pedagógicos junto às massas iletradas (mas também por sua atuação no interior da Universidade), assume destaque Boaventura de Bagnoregio, que dará origem a uma importante tradição pedagógica cristocêntrica. Essa "antropologia cristológica", herdada da Patrística, será uma das principais fontes de inspiração do modelo social de Ubertino de Casale, no século XIV.

The present article arises from studies developed at the GPFOPE, and its theme is teacher education, considering the processes engendered to their constitution. Thus, its fabric emerges from the confluence of ideas from a theoretical field within the field of University Pedagogy, combined with field research of these investigations. The main authors, within this line, who subsidize this study are: Bolzan (2001; 2002-2005; 2006; 2007-2009) and Isaia and Bolzan (2004; 2006; 2007). The findings indicate that the professor is formed in the course of his career training, thereby evidencing, the idea of incompleteness, which presupposes focusing professor formation in the perspective of a permanent learning process for teaching. Furthermore, as the studies indicate, it is equally necessary to consider that life trajectories have specific marks, which gives pause to the concept of personalized training. Therefore, it is understood that it is inherent to think that the learning of teaching and, therefore, professional development, Consequently, it is understood that it becomes inherent to think that learning how to teach, and therefore professional development, is stimulated when reflective practice are incorporated in conjunction with collaborative activities among the subjects of training.  

This paper proposes to reflect about teacher training, focusing on an analysis of the teacher's knowledge built up over the pedagogical practice. The reflections presented here come from a study conducted in the doctoral level, specifically with regard to teacher education, although for this text, issues have been brought related to teacher education in their most conceptual and epistemological aspects, through a bibliographical study. The theoretical support is based, among others, on Cunha (2003), Tardif (2001; 2002), Pimenta (2000) and Pimenta and Anastasiou (2002).  

Nine hundred years after the death of Anselm of Canterbury, this article examines his idea of Theology as a science in contrast with Aquinas's analysis of the same subject: the "rationes necessariae" of Anselm - in Theology of Redemption in his work "Cur Deus Homo?" - are compared with the reasons of Thomas Aquinas, who emphasizes the liberty of God.  

In this article, I propose to appraise Emperor Julian's conception of Paidéia or education. To this end, I will work from the meanings of the Christian Logos and the Greek Logos making use also of Gregory Nazianzen's Against Julian, verifying whether the clash that occurred between Gregory Nazianzen and Julian was not only religious but politico-religious, taking into account that at that point of the 4th century AD no separation of these spheres had yet existed. The text is divided into Preliminary Considerations, where I argue that the conflict between the two authors is political-cultural; The Emperor Julian and the Historiography about his times, in which I demonstrate that since the Emperor Julian's own time there was a myth built around him, and finally about Nazianzen's purpose of writing Against Julian. All of these interlinked points lead to the comprehension of this specific political moment of Late Antiquity.

The aim of this article is to offer some reflections on The Second World Conference on Higher Education (UNESCO, 2009), whose central topic was: "The new dynamics of Higher Education and Research for the Social Change and the Development". The Conference expressed its concern for the World recession and its negative impact on higher education. Forecasts and recommendations were formulated in order that the above mentioned recession does not affect the development of higher education and research. The main debate in the Conference was about a key alternative: higher education as "a public good", or as "a public service". In the Final Communiqué the first criterion prevailed.  

The contributions of Condorcet (1743-1794) on public education are discussed. Condorcet, an intellectual who participated in the French Revolution, established the doctrinal basis of the bourgeois education system and the Republican liberal educational project based on the Illustration theoretical and ideological premises and on the Enlightenment philosophers who influenced contemporary pedagogical thought. Condorcet's document "Report and Draft Decree on the General Organization of Public Instruction," submitted to the National Assembly on behalf of the Committee on Public Education (1792), is analyzed. Other shorter documents, such as (a) On Provincial Assemblies (1788); (b) Post-scriptum (1788); (c) the speech given to the National Assembly on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences (1790); (d) Overview of the Public Man's Library (1790); (e) On the Need of Public Education (1793), in which the author stresses the need to establish public education in the Republic, are also analyzed. The sources investigated show the insistence on people's moral formation, perceived as a radical union between reason and morality, based on the principle of absolute autonomy and independence from any religious or political influence. The texts suggest that all citizens should have access to free education at all levels for the physical, intellectual and moral formation of both genders.

Although we have been working and discussing for nearly two decades about models to deal with students with special education needs in our schools, we are still debating about the most suitable methodology to apply. This paper tries to analyse the fact that adapted curriculum materials may be a methodological model compatible with the inclusive approach. The key to the question is not the tool itself: adapted curriculum materials have always been considered a versatile resource (despite sometimes being poorly structured). The problem lies on the fact that adapted curriculum materials are designed ignoring the usual activities programmed for regular classes. This analysis aims to make the scientific community aware of the need for an agreement on a methodological tool that, together with other strategies and resources, allows teachers program curriculum objectives and contents. The model proposed for designing adapted curriculum materials must be as close as possible to the materials used in regular classes where students with special education needs are. This is the only possible way to truly implement inclusion of students with special education needs in the so-called inclusive school.

The construction of images in the speeches of Dion Chrysostom was drawn from references in Homer. When the orator uses images from Greek epic poetry, Dion Chrysostom intimates the representation of images found in the literature to propagate his philosophical and political ideas during the first century A.D. under the administration of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. Current analysis of the author's works discusses literature as one of the representational forms of Hellenistic identity under Roman domination.

The present study analyzed the role of architectural representations - drawings and three-dimensional models -, on the process of knowledge building of architecture history. The article focuses on Arkhanes' model and its relationships with the reconstitution of architecture, work of the architects of the time, and the representations' role on education.

The thirteenth century expresses itself by a University’s own formulation, in which all knowledge must be oriented by sapientia sacrae paginae, which was expressed by theology. This was, undoubtedly, a Church ideal, but also a theoretical challenge for contemporary thinkers. With the epistemological complexity inherited from the twelfth century and the inclusion of mendicant orders in academic work, mainly the Dominicans and the Franciscans, this history of the ideas stage accompanies the basic antagonism: the naturalism of classic heritage –  supported by Arabic thinking – and the Christian Humanism that competed against each other to  explain  Man’s final goal. The value and the meaning of knowledge depended, largely, on the answer given to explain this diversity of  perspectives. Moreover, despite the influence of the great ancient authors, Aristotelianism and Neo-Platonism were not prerogatives of a specific religious order. Thus, Neo-Platonism is found in St. Thomas writings while,  the Franciscan School empirical orientation is also significant in England. Some, however, would agree about a unit of knowledge that could be interpreted  under the label  of  transcendental beings.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conception of the cardinal sins in the work of Isidore of Seville, from his magnum opus "The Book of Sentences," which describes his world's vision from the perspective of Christianity and Augustinian teleology. The main focus is the building of a Christian society that aims to combat evil in the devil incarnate and its allies through the removal of sin and the construction of a vanguard of believers who would engage in the struggle of virtue against vices. The axis of this public health project aims to achieve the redemption and the second coming of Christ in the redeemer Millennium.

Children's art exhibitions between the 1940s and 1960s as a strategy for asserting the importance of Art in educating and developing a child's personality are analyzed. Sources comprised newspaper articles, pictures, children's drawings, reports and other institutional documents. Early 20th century artistic vanguards which advocated the artist's self-expression and the acknowledgement of child specificities by Psychology and Pedagogy enhanced the defense of the child's freedom of artistic expression and the renewal of the concept of Art and Education during that period. From the mid-1940s children's art was focused upon by UNESCO since it represented an integration and fraternity potential among peoples and the desire to construct a renewed human being. Exhibitions were the vehicles for several discourses on the importance of children's art. Within the Brazilian context, Governmental agencies, national newspapers and private companies started to become involved in this factor. Whereas the above mentioned discourses involved the consolidation of an educational behavior based on the unrestricted freedom of children's creative spirit, contrastingly they supported a censorship of themes which were considered unsuitable, such as violence and war, and the need to follow a pre-defined esthetic standard.  

This article analyzes the concepts of teaching and the geographical science in early grades, its practical sprawls and how the development of concepts and pedagogical methodologies on geographic knowledge has generated into a meaningless subject. The purpose of this critical analysis aims at contributing to a reflection around the need to convert Geography into an instrument of reflection, organization and social spacial transformation. Hence, teachers training courses must be guided by the principles of reflection, critics and citizenship upbringing.

In this paper, the authors inquire about the new forms of subjectivity engendered in the contemporary scene and which has had repercussions on the relationship of adolescents and young subjects with high school. As part of the analysis, we focused on the presence of new media in the contemporary world, which have focused significantly on how boys and girls develop their identity and relate to information and knowledge. To that end, sociological theoretical perspectives, psychosocial and educational needs were used, weaving a scenario that presents dilemmas and prospects for young people and teenagers with contemporary practices of schooling that are still present in high school. The authors conclude that for schooling, at this stage of education, to be effected, it cannot ignore the new subjective configurations of these subjects and the new media used by them, which generates new demands for education for current and future teachers.

This article is result from a research on professional-technical high school, focusing to prepare agricultural and cattle technicians. The study aimed to know the model and the professionalization programs, accomplished in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, during the period of 1974-2001, having as reference the Center of Agricultural Education of Aquidauana (CERA). As reference of analysis, the Foucauldian studies are used and as method, the description of programming standards and behaviors developed in the Institution, enrolled in specific projects of national education. We concluded that these programs were not identical in the studied period, i.e., there were changes in the formation/professionalization that occurred inside the Institution, with justification and appeal to the transformations that occurred in the work market, especially in the 1990s. This type of educational modality and the speeches that have sustained their practices, such as the listed  programs in the education offered by CERA, have contributed for the continuity of an exclusionary educational system, the setting of stereotypes about the individual and collective capacities and the naturalization of the professional high school in the State and the Country.

St. Augustine, the author of several books, including Instruction for catechumens, analyzed in current essay, bases his arguments on the presupposition that all human beings are on a pilgrimage towards the Heavenly Jerusalem. In the book reviewed in the present essay, Augustine shows how the catechist should use mirth and amusement as factors that facilitate the teaching of the Christian religion to people who desire to partake of the latter. Such process shows the manner amusement has a fundamentally important logic with regard to the functioning of social and cultural practices of a particular group within a given historical moment. Actually it is a tool for practical activities on several issues, especially pedagogical ones.

 The field works is still a hard way for the teacher; however, they represent a major step for the study of biodiversity. Our country is considered mega-diverse but teaching this subject is complex. The objective of this study was to outline a protocol for field works so that the teachers can implement it during their lectures about biodiversity. The ants were chosen as study model since they are rich and abundant in most tropical ecosystems. Sardine baits were used in edible oil to collect these insects; and in order to obtain enough volume of biological material to base the discussions concerning the proposed issue three collection expeditions will be required, using 15 baits each.