Repositório RCAAP

The article presents the historical significance of the Protestant preacher Charles Sadleir in the initial development of Mapuche political integration movements of the first half of the twentieth century. Their influence is exposed in the wake of the Mapuche ethnic consciousness in the development of political leadership, at the juncture of the class struggle in the development of some indigenous laws and finally showing the political decline of the Araucana Mission. Thus counteracting the current shortage of studies on the indigenous Protestantism. It concludes by reflecting on the need for studies to document the indigenous Protestantism and the focus from the perspective of their influence in politics.

After independence in 1975 São Tomé and Príncipe became a socialist oneparty state. The regime nationalized the cocoa plantations and the entire economy. As the country lacked adequately trained people, within a few years the local economy was run down. Due to economic failure, in 1990 the regime introduced multiparty democracy and a free-market economy. Despite political instability provoked by consecutive changes of government, democracy has done relatively well. However, the economy has been ailing, since consecutive governments failed to recover the cocoa sector and diversify the economy. Prospects of becoming an oil producer that emerged in the 1990s have not materialized either, since commercially viable oil has not been discovered. Consequently, for many years the small country has become completely dependent on international aid. The article analyses the archipelago´s policies and economy over the past forty years.

This article analyses the constitution of the intellectual field and modern art in Buenos Aires, in the 1920s, when the city went through an intense process of modernization and became a cosmopolitan center. The formation of the modern art field is processed as opposed to state institutions and conservative intellectuals and artists  who maintained national symbolic representations limited to rural areas and in support of the oligarchic state. This paper focuses on the “force field”, its fragmentation, the strategies used by writers and artists, and the debates raised by aesthetic modernity as well as the flagship cultural productions permeated by national traditions, modern poetry and social art.

This article aims to conduct an analysis of the ideas about race of Cuban intellectual Fernando Ortiz (1881-1969) between the 1920s and 1940s reflecting on some of the paradigms that influenced his thoughts, particularly elements related to cultural anthropology and Spiritism. I intend to show that Ortiz was a multifaceted intellectual and therefore his views on race can only be understood when inserted into a kaleidoscopic perspective, that is, their ideas cannot be understood by a one-dimensional lenses.

The fortieth anniversary of Independence of Cape Verde, celebrated on July 5th 2015, earned dissonant official celebrations, with some tension between the government and the presidency of the Republic. This tension is nothing more than the expression, at a specific time and with special players, of a winding and tense process, which was seen, experienced and interpreted in different ways, either in terms of historical and political contexts and circumstances, or on the presence of private actors (institutional or otherwise) that produced and/or backed the narratives that seeks to inscribe at the national historical memory the senses and the meanings of the act (independence) and the process (state building) that followed it. This paper aims at seizing and visualizing the actors, the narratives, the disputes and the silences that marked these short and fast four decades of independence as well as its achievements and, also, at unveiling the tensions, the vicissitudes and the setbacks that have marked the visions and speeches on the independence and eventual gains, giving rise to the worldviews that support such views and speeches. It intends to sustain that the contradictions between the projects of society present in the Cape Verdean society between May 1974 and June 1975, following a recurrent and sinuous shape, will mark the entire recent history of Cape Verde, contextually enhanced by the injunctions arising from several insertions, nuancées and even contrasting, in the field of the country's international integration.

This paper addresses the relations between the US government and north-american and Chilean conglomerates, unveiling their role overthrowing Allende’s government and sustaining the dictatorship in Chile. We start by presenting a theoretical discussion highlighting the relationship between public power and private interest, which influences policymaking. Second, an analysis of the social construction of the dictatorship in Chile is presented, connected to the contemporary dynamics of capitalism, characterized by the transnationalization of production, politics, ideologies and mentalities.

How did the social sciences understand the social question in Chile and Brazil during the twentieth century? In the historiographical field of these Latin American countries, conflicting interpretations were initially produced to understand the development of the social question. If in Chile it was interpreted as a workers’ conquest produced by the force of political-syndical movement; in Brazil, on the contrary, the same phenomenon was understand as a “gift” from the populist State resulting from the workers’ passivity. Later, these readings have been questioned by views that have shown a more complex relationship between the labor movement and the State, which redefined both. Thus, revisiting critically these interpretations is an exercise that allows an approach to how social sciences participate in the struggles that they describe.

This study analyzes cinema audiences and their behavior in the exhibition spaces in the Portuguese district capitals, between 1896 and 1924. The focus emphasizes the practices of spectators during film sessions in order to evaluate the avoidance schemes to the discipline imposed by a growing industry. Moment characterized by the spread and consolidation of cinema among leisure activities, film screenings gathered together the most diverse social groups in large or small towns, emerging as a very popular show. From the press was possible to evaluate the appropriation of projection rooms by spectators, which significantly differed from mutations in film and their spaces during that period.

Review: CANALES SERRANO, Antonio Francisco; GÓMEZ RODRÍGUEZ, Amparo (Ed.). La larga noche de la educación española: el sistema educativo español en la posguerra. Madrid: Biblioteca eva, 2015. (Memoria y crítica de la educación).

This work is located in a historiographical domain known as “History of Sport”. We take as a case study the practice of skateboarding, usually described as an “Extreme Sport” which has been practiced by a significant amount of young people. The geographical context of the research is Blumenau/SC, a city most remembered for organizing the Brazilian Oktoberfest. In this city, the practice of skateboarding was prohibited by the Law No. 5211, which entered into force on May 17, 1999, and was withdrawn only in 2007, during the administration of Mayor John Paul Kleinubing. To understand the reasons that led the skateboard to be banned, a research was conducted based on printed sources, newspapers and magazines, as well as through interviews with key stakeholders involved in the practice of skateboarding in the city. The aim was to analyze both the reasons to ban this activity in Blumenau and its return to legality, mapping the action of the main agents of this process and also narrating the episodes involving the restriction acts and deterrence to the activity, usually carried out by municipal police. It was concluded that although the ban on skateboarding was enacted in 1999, a rather rigid restrain against this practice has existed since the late 1980s. Moreover, its return to legality, which occurred with the banishment of the law in 2007, was conquered by the pressure organized by skaters, led by George Gonçalves, President of the Blumenau Radical Sports Union (UBER), and the support of the magazine 100% Skate, a nationwide publication specialized in this activity.

Held on April 25, 1974, soon the coup that overthrew the dictatorship led to a revolutionary process under which, in southern Portugal, the intensification of the struggle for better wages, working conditions and job security among rural workers, with particular emphasis on the casual workers and the farmers, gave rise to a powerful movement of land occupations, something that makes agrarian reform effective – its legal framework will happen only with the fourth and fifth Provisional Governments led by Vasco Gonçalves, with Fernando Oliveira Baptista as the secretary of Agriculture. In this process of land occupations, which takes place throughout the year 1975, there are three phases, characterized in connection with the progress of the political situation in the country and, therefore, with the agrarian policy of the state over this period. We use a wide range of sources, some new as the documentation of political parties, the sources of trade unions and workers’ councils, the legal provisions regarding the process and the image bank of the public television, RTP. We highlight in this article two main conclusions from the research that we’ve carried: 1) agrarian reform is a process that begins with the spontaneous occupations of land and the political parties will respond to this process trying to control it; 2) land reform is determined by a model based on collective production units and maximizing employment in rural areas.

Academic Interview: Licinio Azevedo

Review of: ROSAS, Fernando; Machaqueiro, Mário; Oliveira, Pedro Aires (Org.). O Adeus ao Império – 40 anos de descolonização portuguesa. Lisboa: Nova Vega, 2015.

The article proposed for the dossier presents reflections on aspects of the country's agricultural history at the time of independence and post-independence. The chosen approach presented itself as relevant to reflect on the country's politics during the decades that followed independence. Aspects of the country's agricultural history make up the thread chosen to guide this article. The relations between the members of the independent government and agricultural workers, the ambivalences of the state’s political discourse at the time of the nationalization of land and its distribution are here analyzed to begin a balance of the political independence (official date of July 12, 1975). I try to show that the various policy proposals applied to the agricultural sector led to an accentuation of the invisibility of minorities – especially the immigrant labor – that are eventually recognized as key actors in the agricultural history of São Tome and Principe. The management of land distribution after the nationalization of the territory caused social tensions incited identity claims and highlighted the consolidation of certain social actors in the sphere of political power. Notes from field work carried out in 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 and some primary and secondary sources enrich the text information and assist in arguments for the main ideas.

This paper aims to analyze the currently growing debate about the Teaching of History. More specifically, it tries to expand the studies on the “Pedagogy of the Teaching of Collective Traumas” (with emphasis in the Holocaust) in the Brazilian academia. It is latent the need for revisiting curriculums, in any level, adjusting them to the social demands of our present time. We’ll try, in this text, to discuss the performance of the school, the teacher, and the didactic materials while teaching tools that aim to combat hate manifestations present both in State’s structure, and in society. Nowadays there is a growing call for evaluation of what we have been learning and teaching about traumatic events. Especially in Brazilian education, the teaching about collective trauma is treated mostly as a footnote in overarching themes, like the Holocaust in relation to World War II. It’s clear that curriculums and pedagogical instruments available in Brazil don’t give the necessary support for the agents of the educational process. In this way, we aim to show and problematize YadVashem’s didactical materials, the museum responsible for Holocaust Memory, and the manner that the theme has been explored in Israel, its methods and objectives. We will use as source three materials developed by YadVashem, distributed in different educational levels, in accord with the spiraling philosophy of teaching. They are: “Tommy”, “Porque Naftali se llama Naftali” e “Cuatro vidas distintas y muy parecidas”.

This investigation on the state intervention into Brazilian society in the First Brazilian Republic was designed by the construction of the territorial State, the delimitation of territorial boundaries and the construction of nationality. It is in this context that Marechal Rondon, who was an engineer and a military person, supported the state project related to the civilizing mission of indigenous groups in the Midwest and North of Brazil that was the basis for the integration of the coast to the interior, which was initially made through the construction of telegraph lines and set by the border demarcations.

This paper analyses the way by which the Argentinian magazine Confirmado represented the consolidation of the 1964 civilian-military coup in Brazil as news/fact. It is underlined how that journalistic discourse, mobilizing recurrent images and interpretations, possibly acted as an important component of an ideology of authoritative solution before the political and institutional crises that were growing in the region since at least the decade of 1950.

Dossiê Pensamentos e Práticas Políticas Conservadoras no Século XX

Academic Interviews: Hélgio Trindade

Due to a number of peculiarities, golf has played an important role in the Cape Verde history. This sport, that has a long trajectory in the archipelago, on several occasions was mobilized in order to materialize the idea that capeverdian was carrying a high standard of civilization. In the colonial period, this was one of the strategies used by the natives in dealing with colonial rule and request to the metropolis more respect to the specificities and attention to local needs. What will have changed in consideration of this sport when the independence came (1975)? What differences can be felt in the following decades? In this article, we argue that the discourse on the golf help us have a look at the debates about the direction of Cape Verde in the last 40 years.