Repositório RCAAP

This paper aims to analyze the dichotomy between the filmed (live-action) and animated images: the daily and night aspects of the images proposed by Gilbert Durand. This look comes from a study on real and animated images, presented in the doctoral thesis “The Representation of the Diegetic Imaginarium by Animation in Live-action Cinema” (2018). In this thesis, based on the concepts of “cool and hot media” from “Understanding Media” (McLuhan, 1964), one considers Animation a Cool medium, while live-action a Hot medium. Therefore, as McLuhan’s work looks at the image dichotomy from the communication domain, it is possible to complete the analysis on this axis through the concepts of Durand’s image. Thus, these concepts start directly from imaginary studies. The methodology for such an analytical development is the case studies about films that use animated images to represent a part of their narratives. Analyzing them, considering these images by both aspects: in the field of communication (Hot and Cool Media), and the imaginary (daily and night

Discutimos en este trabajo la posibilidad de descubrir y desarrollar habili- dades en los social media (social media skils) reinterpretando programas es- colares de la educación artística en vigor en la enseñanza secundaria en los contextos de Portugal y Brasil. Como metodología para abordar esta cues- tión, utilizamos la lectura y el marco de dichos programas, así como una ac- ción práctica junto a los actores del problema: estudiantes de maestría en educación artística y profesores de enseñanza secundaria. En este sentido, presentaremos los resultados de un taller que desarrollamos en junio de 2016, en las instalaciones del Future Teacher Education Lab, conocida como Sala de Clase del Futuro, integrada al proyecto European Schoolnet, en el Instituto de Educación de la Universidad de Lisboa.

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre um possível desdobramento do con- ceito de materialidade da arte no âmbito do Ensino Remoto de Emergência. Iniciamos nossa reflexão com uma conceptualização da materialidade enquanto território da arte e cultura. Em seguida, mapeamos a noção de Ensino Remoto de Emergência (ERE) no con- texto pandémico. Por fim, descrevemos dois trabalhos baseados na materialidade própria do ERE, desenvolvidos com alunos do sétimo ano, onde propomos a apropriação e a mani- pulação de retratos icónicos da cultura visual para, posteriormente, construírem-se relatos visuais pessoais a partir da linguagem do selfie.

Smartphone interactions are demanding. Most smartphones come with limited physical buttons, so users can not rely on touch to guide them. Smartphones come with built-in accessibility mechanisms, for example, screen readers, that make the interaction accessible for blind users. However, some tasks are still inefficient or cumbersome. Namely, when scanning through a document, users are limited by the single sequential audio channel provided by screen readers. Or when tasks are interrupted in the presence of other actions. In this work, we explored alternatives to optimize smartphone interaction by blind people by leveraging simultaneous audio feedback with different configurations, such as different voices and spatialization. We researched 5 scenarios: Task interruption, where we use concurrent speech to reproduce a notification without interrupting the current task; Faster information consumption, where we leverage concurrent speech to announce up to 4 different contents simultaneously; Text properties, where the textual formatting is announced; The map scenario, where spatialization provides feedback on how close or distant a user is from a particular location; And smartphone interactions scenario, where there is a corresponding sound for each gesture, and instead of reading the screen elements (e.g., button), a corresponding sound is played. We conducted a study with 10 blind participants whose smartphone usage experience ranges from novice to expert. During the study, we asked participants’ perceptions and preferences for each scenario, what could be improved, and in what situations these extra capabilities are valuable to them. Our results suggest that these extra capabilities we presented are helpful for users, especially if these can be turned on and off according to the user’s needs and situation. Moreover, we find that using concurrent speech works best when announcing short messages to the user while listening to longer content and not so much to have lengthy content announced simultaneously.

Background: Patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, biomarkers for patient selection are lacking, and the association between miRNA expression and treatment response and oncological outcomes is unclear. Objectives: To investigate miRNAs as predictors of response to neoadjuvant CRT and its association with oncological outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed miRNA expression (miR-16, miR-21, miR-135b, miR-145, and miR-335) in pre- and post-chemoradiation rectal adenocarcinoma tissue and non-neoplastic mucosa in 91 patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT (50.4 Gy) and proctectomy. Two groups were defined: a pathological complete responders group (tumor regression grade—TRG 0) and a pathological incomplete responders group (TRG 1, 2, and 3). Results: miR-21 and miR-135b were upregulated in tumor tissue of incomplete responders comparing with non-neoplastic tissue (p = 0.008 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed significant association between miR-21 in pre-CRT tumor tissue and response, with a 3.67 odds ratio (OR) of incomplete response in patients with higher miR-21 levels (p = 0.04). Although with no significance, patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) presented reduced odds of incomplete response compared with those treated with capecitabine (OR = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–1.12, p = 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were seen in overall survival (OS) in relation to clinical TNM stage (p = 0.0004), cT (p = 0.0001), presence of distant disease (p = 0.002), mesorectal tumor deposits (p = 0.003), and tumor regression grade (p = 0.04). Conclusion: miR-21 may predict response to CRT in rectal cancer (RC).

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de materiais de cátodo inovadores para baterias de ião metálico. A inovação encontra-se na aplicação de polímeros eletronicamente condutores (ECP) como material de cátodo, comparado com materiais convencionais baseados em matrizes cristalinas inorgânicas estes possuem uma maior ciclabilidade e estabilidade de processo eletroquímico. A aplicação de ECPs pode também permitir o uso de iões metálicos alternativos ao lítio, como por exemplo o magnésio. O poli(3,4-etilenodioxitiofeno) (PEDOT) é um polímero eletronicamente condutor interessante devido a poder ser dopado com diferentes polianiões como o poliestirenosulfonato, poli(2‐ acrilamido‐2‐metil‐1‐propanosulfonato), entre outros. Isto permite a sua modificação e adaptação enquanto material para aplicações específicas, neste caso, material de cátodo para baterias de ião metálico, uma vez que pode apresentar processos de dopagem pseudocatiónica aquando da sua conversão redox. O polianião em foco neste trabalho é o Sulfato de Dextran (DS), que devido à sua estrutura química poderá ter a capacidade de manter a eletroneutralidade mesmo quando dopado por catiões dipositivos. Foram sintetizados vários filmes de PEDOT:DS através de diferentes vias: potenciodinâmica, potenciostática e galvanostática em meio aquoso. A caraterização eletroquímica dos mesmos foi levada a cabo em meio orgânico devido à maior estabilidade eletroquímica do solvente orgânico na janela de potencial utilizada para baterias de ião metálico. Os eletrólitos de suporte utilizados ao longo do trabalho experimental foram soluções de perclorato de lítio e perclorato de magnésio em acetonitrilo. O primeiro foi utilizado como referência devido ao estudo extensivo já realizado em filmes de PEDOT, o segundo foi estudado como ião metálico alternativo. Para além da caraterização eletroquímica foram também feitos estudos de transferência de massa através da microbalança eletroquímica de cristal quartzo e de fluxos iónicos através da deflexão de feixe laser (efeito de miragem). A última em conjunto com a convolução temporal permite retirar os valores da participação individual de cada ião durante a conversão redox do filme polimérico. Por último foi empregue elipsometria ex-situ de modo obter os parâmetros óticos assim como a espessura de filmes de PEDOT:DS.

Em nossa comunicação, discutimos a experiência de criação de conteúdos de media social educativos realizada no âmbito da formação contínua de professores dos ensinos básico e secundário. Esta experiência foi levada a cabo no Centro de Formação de Escola António Sérgio, em Lisboa, na forma de duas oficinas concretizadas no ano académico de 2017/2018. Contando com um total de 22 participantes de diversas áreas curriculares, o objetivo geral destas formações consistiu em mapear e explorar competências e literacias envolvidas nos processos de criação, crítica e compartilhamento de conteúdos visuais remixados nos media sociais (Lessig, 2009; Jenkins et al., 2013).

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a experiência realizada na disciplina Oficina Multimédia, do décimo segundo ano do ensino secundário, na escola António Damásio, Lisboa. Apresentamos nossa proposta para a criação de social videos em aula, pensando sua relevância em uma cultura da participação. Essa prática insere-se no projeto de investigação Educação Visual em Média Social, do doutoramento em Arte Multimédia da FBAUL.

Apresentamos neste artigo reflexões acerca dos processos de desenvolvimento dos recursos pedagógicos interativos elaborados para a ação educativa “Descobrindo o nosso olhar na obra de Túllio Victorino”, no Museu Casa Atelier Túllio Victorino, em Cernache do Bonjardim, Portugal. Nossa investigação/ação insere-se no projeto de residências Artísticas Ré-Vés, da Faculdade de Belas- Artes da Universidade de Lisboa. A partir do objetivo geral da residência Rés-Vés em Cernache do Bonjardim, de gerar conexões entre o espaço do museu e a comunidade, desenhamos um projeto de ações educativas que abrangesse atividades presenciais e online, incluindo workshops, a criação de um aplicativo para plataforma Android e um blog. Nosso público-alvo são alunos dos ciclos finais do Ensino Básico. Apontaremos as bases conceituais da nossa proposta pedagógica, revelando como pretendemos, especificamente, desenvolver competências visuais que envolvam entender, produzir e propagar imagens, observando o nosso poder enquanto produtores de sentidos e construtores de identidades nas mídias pós- massivas. Desta forma, a obra de Túllio Victorino não é conteúdo exclusivo da nossa investigação, mas ponto de partida para a exploração de diversas obras da cultura visual que compartilhem seus temas e preocupações, incluindo nossas próprias produções. Identificaremos, também, as tecnologias utilizadas para a concretização do aplicativo e do blog (Adobe Air, Flash e Blogger), bem como as vantagens e desvantagens das ferramentas escolhidas, demonstrando e refletindo acerca dos resultados alcançados.

A mosca-branca-do-feijoeiro (Bemisia tabaci) e a traça-do-tomateiro (Tuta absoluta) são duas pragas que assolam culturas de tomate (Solanum lycopersium) em todo o mundo. Mirídeos (Hemiptera: Miridae) são usados como controlo biológico destas pragas. Estes insetos possuem comportamento zoofitófago (alimentam-se de plantas e invertebrados), sendo, por isso, capazes de controlar as pragas e, posteriormente, sobreviver na cultura. Contudo, a alimentação das plantas por parte dos mirídeos causa, muitas vezes, estragos. Nesidiocoris tenuis, um dos mirídeos usados no controlo biológico, provoca anéis necróticos no caule, podendo levar à rejeição do fruto. De forma a minimizar este problema, podem ser colocadas outras espécies de plantas dentro da cultura ou na sua vizinhança, denominadas plantas “insectário”, cujo papel é atraírem os mirídeos e servirem de alimento vegetal para estes, prevenindo estragos no tomate. Neste estudo, testou-se o potencial de seis espécies de plantas (alisso-doce, bocas-de-lobo, calêndula, facélia, tabaco e tomate) para servirem como plantas “insectário” para duas espécies de mirídeos, Dicyphus cerastii e Nesidiocoris tenuis. Das seis espécies de plantas testadas, o tomate foi a planta mais escolhida para postura, enquanto o alisso-doce (Lobularia maritima) obteve os resultados mais baixos para ambos os mirídeos. Calêndula (Calendula officinalis) mostrou ser um potencial hospedeiro de D. cerastii, visto ter tido o segundo maior número de ninfas observadas desta espécie, por outro lado, N. tenuis preferiu o tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum). Nas bocas-de-lobo (Antirrhinum cirrhigerum) obteve-se um número baixo de ninfas com D. cerastii, mas um número mais alto com N. tenuis, o que indica que esta planta pode ser um potencial hospedeiro para este último. Mais estudos devem ser realizados e com um maior número de espécies de plantas para se identificar as melhores plantas insectário para cada espécie de mirídeo. A flor deverá estar também presente, pois esta tem um papel importante na atração dos insetos.

Este estudo examina os traços singulares de Antígona, Helena e Medeia, protagonistas das peças Perdição, O Rancor e Desmesura de Hélia Correia, influenciadas pelas herança e tragédias gregas. A investigação debruça-se sobre como se configura a demanda de identidade destas heroínas, que interrogando o passado, desvendam os mitos e reflectem sobre as suas condições humanas e femininas.

A presente dissertação propõe-se evidenciar os “Descobrimentos e Navegações no Archivo Historico Portuguez”, situando este periódico na produção historiográfica do tempo e destacando Anselmo Braamcamp Freire, enquanto fundador desta revista de história, procurando entrever o homem e o historiador. Compreensão que passa pela análise dos seus colaboradores e pelas tendências historiográficas da época; os eruditos e as revistas, ainda não especializadas mas generalistas em que publicavam os seus estudos históricos; e, ainda, a historiografia dos Descobrimentos tendo em conta os homens e as embarcações que os materializaram

Objective: This study aims to assess the active aging awareness of older adults in mainland Portugal and their levels of overall well-being and to identify social and health-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 613 older adults, aged 65 or older, who participated in the PROKnos – Knowing Social Prescribing needs of the elderly study in Portugal. The questionnaire consisted of the Active Ageing Awareness Questionnaire and the World Health Organization – Five Well-Being Index, as well as sociodemographic, economic, and health status questions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests for independent samples, and one-way ANOVA were used to explore potential associations between variables. Results: The active aging awareness levels were significantly higher for women (p = 0.031), and those who were younger (p = 0.011), more educated (p < 0.001), had a better financial situation (p < 0.001), and had better health (p < 0.001). The same pattern was found for well-being, except in relation to gender, as men had higher levels (p = 0.016). These variables were found to be correlated. Discussion: Even though active aging is an important strategy to implement, it is indispensable to consider the perceptions and conditions that need to be in place before that. This study reveals that several social and health-related factors are associated with well-being and active aging awareness, as well as the differences between groups that exist in mainland Portugal in relation to that. This emphasizes how vital it is to address social inequalities in active aging efforts, which are not necessarily uncovered when only considering actual active aging measures.

Abstract Background COVID-19 caused the largest pandemic of the twenty-frst century forcing the adoption of containment policies all over the world. Many studies on COVID-19 health determinants have been conducted, mainly using multivariate methods and geographic information systems (GIS), but few attempted to demonstrate how knowing social, economic, mobility, behavioural, and other spatial determinants and their efects can help to contain the disease. For example, in mainland Portugal, non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) were primarily dependent on epidemiological indicators and ignored the spatial variation of susceptibility to infection. Methods We present a data-driven GIS-multicriteria analysis to derive a spatial-based susceptibility index to COVID-19 infection in Portugal. The cumulative incidence over 14 days was used in a stepwise multiple linear regression as the target variable along potential determinants at the municipal scale. To infer the existence of thresholds in the relationships between determinants and incidence the most relevant factors were examined using a bivariate Bayesian change point analysis. The susceptibility index was mapped based on these thresholds using a weighted linear combination. Results Regression results support that COVID-19 spread in mainland Portugal had strong associations with factors related to socio-territorial specifcities, namely sociodemographic, economic and mobility. Change point analysis revealed evidence of nonlinearity, and the susceptibility classes refect spatial dependency. The spatial index of susceptibility to infection explains with accuracy previous and posterior infections. Assessing the NPI levels in relation to the susceptibility map points towards a disagreement between the severity of restrictions and the actual propensity for transmission, highlighting the need for more tailored interventions. Conclusions This article argues that NPI to contain COVID-19 spread should consider the spatial variation of the susceptibility to infection. The fndings highlight the importance of customising interventions to specifc geographical contexts due to the uneven distribution of COVID-19 infection determinants. The methodology has the potential for replication at other geographical scales and regions to better understand the role of health determinants in explaining spatiotemporal patterns of diseases and promoting evidence-based public health policies.

The present dissertation intends to value and demonstrate, through the historical bases of design and other premises, that there is and always has been a propensity of the human being to be inspired by Nature and to establish associations with it to, from there, assign meaning to the things he conceives. The metaphor, widely used in literature, can also be applied in design, valuing the relationship between the product and those who use it. The metaphorical meaning that objects can evoke is often the result of a fluke. It is the result of the association between two distinct elements, either through the appearance they have, or through the way they function, or the movement they produce when handled. This practice, besides attributing meaning to the product, also helps the user in his interaction with it. The relevance of this theme is also justified by the assumption that any product designer has the intrinsic desire to create objects whose appearance pleases the user. Today it is known that the expressions of sympathy or antipathy correspond to the most primary emotions of the human being, they concern the most immediate reactions, which can and should be taken into account when designing a product. The interaction between object and user is not limited to the functional aspect, because when man relates to the world of artifacts he is in a constant emotional experience, even if unconsciously. In the presentation of this dissertation, it became fundamental the practical realization of the assumption presented here. For this reason, we finished the work with the demonstration of three projects that aim to prove the potential of the metaphor applied to product design.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are important neurodegenerative disorders, especially in an aging population context that prevails in high-developed countries and Europe in particular. It is known that exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the production and deposition of aggregate clusters of proteins, which are linked to neurological disorders and impediments. Nonetheless, only a few works study the short-term exposure to PM and its association with hospital admissions or mortality due to AD or PD. This study assesses the association between exposure to PM and emergency hospital admissions for AD and PD in an aging metropole, serving as a case study for most European big cities. Daily emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD data were obtained for the 2012 to 2015 period and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between PM and admissions while controlling for the day of the week, seasonality, and environmental factors. Furthermore, lagged observations were assessed. Results show that an increase in exposure to PM2.5 resulted in a percentage increase in emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD. Also, age was an efect modifer for PD admissions. Additionally, greater efects were felt at shorter lags for AD and delayed/longer lags for PD. This study found a relationship between short-term exposure to PM and AD and PD hospital admissions in an urban context, drawing attention to the importance of air pollution for urban health, especially in areas with an aged population structure.

Os olivais tradicionais são um sistema agrícola extensivo com grande diversidade de plantas, incluindo espécies ameaçadas, mantidas pelas práticas tradicionais de gestão. Estes sistemas encontramse em declínio devido à expansão da agricultura intensiva e, em menor grau, ao abandono. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos de três modelos de gestão de olivais no Baixo Alentejo - tradicional (sequeiro, com lavra), abandono (sem gestão) e intensiva (com regadio) - na diversidade taxonómica e funcional das comunidades de plantas e banco de sementes. Foi ainda avaliado o potencial do banco de semente para recuperar as comunidades. A gestão tradicional foi usada como referência. A gestão intensiva provocou uma redução da riqueza específica e da redundância funcional das comunidades de plantas e do banco de semente, favorecendo a ocorrência de espécies mais ruderais, com maior altura máxima e floração mais prolongada, incluindo espécies alóctones. O banco de sementes apresentou elevada dissimilaridade com o banco de sementes dos olivais tradicionais. Os resultados indicam um depauperamento do banco de sementes num período muito curto, particularmente das espécies ameaçadas, e alterações profundas na sua composição que irão perdurar mesmo após eventual conversão. O abandono dos olivais não afetou a riqueza específica, no entanto conduziu a um aumento da divergência funcional e favoreceu a ocorrência de espécies com maior peso da semente e floração mais tardia. Além disso, observou-se a colonização por espécies perenes, algumas ameaçadas, mas, simultaneamente, uma redução da abundância de algumas espécies arvenses ameaçadas. Contudo, estas últimas estão presentes no banco de sementes, podendo regenerar se o solo for mobilizado novamente. Neste estudo evidenciou-se a importância da gestão tradicional para a conservação das comunidades de plantas arvenses associadas aos olivais de sequeiro, incluindo várias espécies ameaçadas. A maior redundância funcional nestes olivais sugere alguma resiliência a alterações ambientais que, contudo, não permite superar os efeitos da gestão intensiva. Deste estudo resultaram informações relevantes para a conservação destas comunidades de plantas e um catálogo fotográfico de plântulas de 217 espécies inventariadas.

“Fleshing out Dissidence: Forms of resistance to the modes of production through inactivity and design fiction” investigates the relationship between the human and its artifice to, through the principles of inactivity and design fiction, present a critique and possibilities of resistance to prevailing modes of production. The study begins by reflecting on the primordial relationship between human and artifice to underpin and frame a critique of production and technological progress detached from anthropocentric perspectives or those that assume technological neutrality. We then explore the impact of new media, ideologies and transformation trends implicit in the current mode of production that difficult resistance to increasingly isomorphic and subservient ways of life to the utilitarian logic of the market. As a possibility of resistance, we explore dispersed and fragmented micro-interventions that take the form of ascetic exercises or the construction of narratives capable of expanding imagination and recalling the contingency of the artificial human world. By relating these possibilities and through the exploration of historical moments of resistance and criticism in design, we move away from the traditional association of the discipline with industrial production and the market, thus opening a space for criticism that, focused on fiction and emotion, finds new ways to think about the future and describe the present. “Fleshing out Dissidence”, the practical component of this research, critiques contemporary modes of production and aims to lead the viewer into a questioning of concepts of progress based on the mastery of the unbuilt world or continuous economic growth models. Valuing inactivity, slowness, wandering, ephemerality and corporeality, it presents a narrative where technological development can be thought of in terms of archaeological and anthropological research.

This investigation focuses on the theme of fragility in artistic creation, allied to the medium of calligraphy. It explores its expressiveness, associated with the body as an element of creation and vehicle of emotions. It starts from a theoretical approach to the themes of calligraphy, focusing on issues related to the use of text and words in visual creation, pointing out themes such as writing and its visual exploration; reasons such as the use of language and text as a medium are discussed here. It reflects on the relationship between the line, text and word, exploring the non-linearity of writing. Through the fragmentation of the word, we seek to understand the importance and relevance that the pre-existing meaning of words may or may not have in the work. An analysis of Visual, Concrete and Experimental Poetry is carried out, which together with the other points aims to establish the theoretical basis of this investigation. A case study will also be addressed, in order to exemplify and deepen some of the themes. Then a more subjective aspect is explored which works the expressiveness of calligraphy, exploring what can be considered as its “vulnerabilities”, that is, characteristics that influence the act of its creation. The case of erasure and its influences and characteristics are then referred to. Finally, a relationship will be established between the points worked on and my own artistic practice, taking into account my personal motivations, the thesis being of a theoretical-practical nature.

The present project work focuses on the theme of comfort in the contemporary domestic space in a rural environment, to the panorama of the interior of rural homes in the Beira Alta region of the 20th century. Thus, it is important to recognize the contribution of the role of Interior Design in the housing rehabilitation project. In this context, we will address the issues around the dynamics of rural housing in the Beira Alta region throughout time, taking into account aspects such as the Portuguese Popular Architecture and the way of living, contrasting them with the present day. Understanding these will allow us to explore the human experience in the private space in several domains: the psychological and the symbolic. Housing rehabilitation is, in this aspect, recognized as a project that prioritizes and contributes to the valorization of local identity and memory, as a current challenge that allies the Interior Design to the architectural project, given the demands of current times, which have been changing the ways of living and, consequently, the interior of the houses. Gestosa, a village in the Dão region, is the setting where the study and project are developed. The evolution of the dynamics of housing in the area will be explored, given the fact that today there is an increasing demand for the rehabilitation of the pre-existing houses in order to return to the quiet and rural environment of the village. Facing the contemporary scenario marked by fugacity and people's demands, we will try to demonstrate the relevance of the integration of the Interior Design project in the execution of a rehabilitation project. Therefore, it will be emphasized the designer's contribution in solving problems associated with old housing, as well as how it contributes to the promotion of human comfort in current times.