Repositório RCAAP

O carro de combate foi uma das tecnologias mais importantes da Segunda Guerra Mundial, sendo um componente fundamental da guerra mecanizada. Após a sua invenção na Primeira Guerra Mundial, os diferentes exércitos dividiram-se nas suas perspetivas sobre a melhor utilização desta arma. Alguns decidiram colocá-la nas armas tradicionais de Infantaria e de Cavalaria, enquanto outros decidiram criar unidades completamente distintas. Em 1939 e 1940, o carro de combate teve um importante papel nas campanhas da Polónia e da França, nas quais o Exército alemão demonstrou uma grande habilidade no seu emprego. O conflito continuou no Norte de África entre 1940 e 1943, onde estes veículos voltaram a desempenhar um importante papel nestes campos de batalha, integrados em famosas unidades como o Afrikakorps e a 7.ª Divisão Blindada. Nos desertos do Norte de África, as forças blindadas enfrentaram desafios como o terreno e as longas cadeias de reabastecimento. Ao longo deste período, a arma blindada atravessou uma evolução teórica e tecnológica constante, devido às inadequações das conceções sobre a guerra mecanizada formuladas antes de 1939 e às fraquezas de design dos carros. O fenómeno do desenvolvimento do carro de combate é observado ao longo deste período através das três campanhas e dos cinco participantes: Alemanha, França, Grã-Bretanha, Itália e Estados Unidos. A análise incide sobre operações militares, combates e carros de combate. Outras matérias relevantes analisadas incluem a logística, os comandantes e outras armas, como artilharia e forças aéreas. Deste modo, demonstra-se e contextualiza-se a evolução desta arma e a sua importância para o conflito em geral e para as campanhas em específico.

This proposal presents a transdisciplinary pedagogical project on writing and illustration, framed within the formal teaching of Portuguese Language and Drawing subjects in the 12th grade of the Portuguese public education system. Innovative learning methodologies are proposed which aim to enrich educational experiences, to reinforce knowledge networks and social ties, to encourage paths of (self)discovery and to strengthen autonomous, complex, multidisciplinary and creative thinking. This approach, within the scope of the study of narrative-descriptive and poetic texts, was triggered by the handwritten notes the writer Eça de Queiroz kept in his cabinet and which constituted a fundamental strategy in his creative writing process. Thus, this project aims to develop in students from two different courses, the ability to freely transcribe something observed, to draw the visual imaginary after reading a colleague’s text, to produce an illustration with a free theme and style and to write a text based on a colleague’s drawing, assuming subjectivity and identity as determining dimensions in the creation of intertextual relations. The virtual presence of Eça de Queiroz Foundation on social networks was used to access and work with the writer’s own materials.

Esta investigação aborda o fenómeno da op art na arte pública em Portugal, para dar conta do seu alcance, depois de o situar histórica e artisticamente, e em particular através das obras do pintor e fotógrafo Eduardo Néry e do arquitecto Artur Rosa. Na I parte situam-se as origens da Op Art e o panorama internacional: Op Art é o nome reduzido de \201COptical Art\201D, que ficou definido numa conversa de G. Rickey com dois curadores do MoMA. O termo óptico refere-se a ilusões ópticas, sendo uma das mais utilizadas a criação de movimento, e neste sentido foi necessário a fundamentação da Op Art nos fenómenos da percepção visual através da psicologia da Gestalt. Na medida em que a Op art em Portugal se fixa na arte pública pareceu-nos fundamental uma abordagem sucinta dos principais problemas que envolvem este tipo de arte. Na II parte além do enquadramento do fenómeno Op na arte portuguesa, (anos 60) analisámos detalhadamente a obra de A. Rosa e E. Nery que são os seus grandes pioneiros e representantes. Primeiro investigámos a produção artística de Eduardo Nery ao nível da arte pública, em que a obra é inserta na arquitectura, e assim de acordo com as diferenças de tipologia formal e material propusemo-nos organizá-la em 9 grandes grupos. Quanto a Artur Rosa depois da caracterização dos principais conceitos básicos do seu trabalho, estudaram-se as obras de arte pública procedendo-se ao seu levantamento

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Dès la première version du programme de formation de la licence en animation socioculturelle de l’École Supérieure d’Éducation de Lisbonne en 2006, l’équipe enseignante a jugé bon d’y intégrer une composante de sciences physiques et naturelles. En effet, dans les sociétés contemporaines comprises comme des sociétés du risque, la réflexivité est centrale et la science et les scientifiques deviennent de plus en plus nécessaires, mais sans qu’on les sépare des populations, au contraire. Ce besoin de réflexivité sur les risques apporte des défis supplémentaires à la formation et à l’intervention des professionnels en animation socioculturelle. Une enquête auprès des étudiants nous montre quelles sont leurs représentations de sciences physiques et naturelles et quelle importance ils attribuent à ces connaissances en tant que citoyens et animateurs socioculturels. Une approche transdisciplinaire, incluant les sciences physiques et naturelles, semble offrir des outils utiles pour la difficile tâche des animateurs qui est de trouver des moyens pour faire face à une réalité pleine de complexités et d’ambiguïtés.

Holistic processing, a hallmark of expert processing, has been shown for written words, signaled by the word composite effect, similar to the face composite effect: fluent readers find it difficult to focus on just one half of a written word while ignoring the other half, especially when the two word halves are aligned rather than misaligned. This effect is signaled by a significant interaction between alignment and congruency of the two word parts. Face and visual word recognition, however, involve different neural mechanisms with an opposite hemispheric lateralization. It is then possible that faces and words can both involve holistic processing in their own separate face and word processing systems, but by using different mechanisms. In the present study, we replicated with words a previous study done with faces (Richler, Bukach, & Gauthier, 2009, Experiment 3). In a first experiment we showed that in a composite task with aligned artificial objects, no congruency effects are found. In a second experiment, using an interleaved task, a congruency effect for Ziggerins was induced in trials in which a word was first encoded, but more strongly when it was aligned. However, in a stricter test, we found no differences between the congruency effect for Ziggerins induced by aligned words versus pseudowords. Our results demonstrate that different mechanisms can underlie holistic processing in different expertise domains.

O presente texto procura relevar o papel importante da escultora Clara Menéres, recentemente desaparecida, no panorama contemporâneo das artes plásticas portuguesas. Constitui simultaneamente uma homenagem por parte dos autores desta escrita que, em momentos distintos, e em geografias académicas diversificadas, tiveram a sorte de privar académica e profissionalmente com a artista. A sua obra cruzou disciplinas e é merecedora de atento estudo por parte das gerações mais novas de artistas. Em particular, os que buscam não só novas formas e materialidades, mas principalmente novos suportes, ou novas abordagens aos suportes tradicionais, novos conceitos e novas teorias capazes de dar respostas às pulsões vitais da nossa época

Comments on an article by R. Palermo et al. (see record [rid]2016-54069-003[/rid]). This focussed on reports that people have enough insight into their face recognition ability to justify the use of a self-report questionnaire to identify people with face recognition difficulties, for example, those with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Palermo et al. however, argued that although individuals with DP might have relatively good insight into their face recognition abilities, due to the severity of their difficulties, typical perceivers have minimal insight.

Are face recognition difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) related to impaired holistic processing? Gauthier et al. [Gauthier, I., Klaiman, C., & Schultz, R. T. (2009). Face composite effects reveal abnormal face processing in Autism spectrum disorders. Vision Research, 49, 470–478. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.12.007] used the face composite task in adolescents with autism and found a congruency effect that was not modulated by alignment, a result which was interpreted as reflecting qualitatively different face processing mechanisms. In the present study we tested adults with ASD in a composite face task where presentation times were manipulated and further explored whether these participants were sensitive to holistic information in faces using a new version of the composite task: VHFPT 2.0 (The Vanderbilt Holistic Face Processing Test 2.0). Results suggest that adults with ASD process faces holistically and that their facial identity processing abilities are qualitatively similar and as efficient as that of typical adults. The difference between the results of Gauthier et al. (2009) with adolescents and the results with adults here reported are interpreted in terms of a developmental delay.

This paper tests the hypothesis that social presence influences size perception by increasing context sensitivity. Consistent with Allport’s prediction, we expected to find greater context sensitivity in participants who perform a visual task in the presence of other people (i.e., in co-action) than in participants who perform the task in isolation. Supporting this hypothesis, participants performing an Ebbinghaus illusion-based task in co-action showed greater size illusions than those performing the task in isolation. Specifically, participants in a social context had greater difficulty perceiving the correct size of a target circle and ignoring its surroundings. Analyses of delta plot functions suggest a mechanism of interference monitoring, since that when individuals take longer to respond, they are better able to ignore the surrounding circles. However, this type of monitoring interference was not moderated by social presence. We discuss how this lack of moderation might be the reason why the impact of social presence on context sensitivity is able to be detected in tasks such as the Ebbinghaus illusion.

The atmosphere of Titan is a unique natural laboratory for the study of atmospheric evolution and photochemistry akin to that of the primitive Earth, with a wide array of complex molecules discovered through infrared and sub-mm spectroscopy. Experimental simulations have suggested the synthesis of organic molecules under the conditions of Titan’s atmosphere. In this work, I analysed very high-resolution visible VLT/UVES spectra of Titan and developed a new line characterisation method that retrieved an empirical high resolution linelist of methane (CH4) with 97 new absorption lines between 5250Å and 6180Å, for 4 CH4 visible bands for which no similar linelists are yet available. Furthermore, I searched for the predicted, but previously undetected carbon trimer, C3, on the atmosphere of Titan, at its 4051Å band on VLT/UVES spectra. The results are consistent with the presence of C3 at the upper atmosphere of Titan, with a column density of 1013 cm−2 . This first tentative detection of C3 in Titan may provide much needed constraints to models of its upper atmosphere photochemistry. I have also run molecular dynamics simulations of amino acid films in Titan, aiming to computationally replicate laboratory experiments and measure intermolecular interactions between amino acid molecules. This study of Titan’s atmosphere with very high-resolution visible spectroscopy presents a unique opportunity to observe a small planetary target with CH4 on its atmosphere, from which CH4 optical proprieties can be studied. It also showcases the use of a close planetary target to test new methods for chemical retrieval of minor atmospheric compounds, in preparation for upcoming studies of cold terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. Molecular dynamics simulations of organic molecules performed during this work are complementary to laboratory and future in situ studies of organic molecules in extraterrestrial environments, paving the way to assess the potential for habitability of icy moons.

In the apocryphal Acts of Andrew, a familiar double plot of sex and mistaken identity features Maximilla, a recently converted wife, tricking her pagan husband, Aegeates, into bedding her masked maid in order to retain the purity of her own bed. In resorting to this stratagem of sexual deception, the heroine of this tale behaves in a manner that contemporary Christians would (and did) find scandalous and unacceptable. This article investigates how this unique, sanctified bedtrick mobilizes different traditions (both Greco-Roman and biblical), subverts the predominant model of the Christian wife, and constructs a peculiar, alternative ideal. The Christian bedtrick evokes mythical and novelistic patterns but presents its instigator as paradoxically chaste—the opposite of her depraved analogues in myth and novel. The text also evokes biblical bedtricks, but only to challenge the emphasis on survival through procreation at all cost that underpins most of the bedtricks in Genesis. The article argues, finally, that the bridal switch between Rachel and Leah in Genesis 29 provides the closest biblical parallel for Maximilla’s strategy. The striking apocryphal bedtrick also bears intriguing similarities to two texts that clearly hark back to the bridal switch of Genesis 29: an ancient Jewish “novel” (Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 12.154–236) and an exegetical vignette from rabbinic midrash (Lamentations Rabbah proem 24) that employ “holy” bedtricks in the interests of individual or collective salvation.

Esta dissertação procura confrontar alguns contos de Florbela Espanca com um conjunto de pinturas de Paula Rego, partindo dos temas erotismo e morte, centrais em cada uma das autoras estudadas. Ao longo de cinco capítulos serão discutidas as relações entre textos, numa leitura que produz uma rede de significados e possibilidades interpretativas. A partir de um enquadramento de cada uma das obras, esta leitura evidencia características temáticas e formais comuns a estas narrativas. O objectivo deste estudo, ao optar por analisar comparativamente duas obras produzidas em diferentes tempos e a partir de diferentes linguagens, a literária e a pictórica, é, na consideração de traços comuns a estes universos artísticos, permitir novas dimensões ao estudo das obras de cada uma das autoras.

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Neste capítulo, sistematiza-se um conjunto de notas em torno do tema da inovação na edição de livros e um dos seus efeitos narrativos, a revolução como consequência transfiguradora de algumas inovações. A partir de dois exemplos, o livro de bolso e o clube do livro, procura-se um enquadramento crítico que ajude a desconstruir algumas perspectivas lineares e automáticas acerca das consequências na cultura impressa da descoberta e da invenção de determinadas fórmulas de produção e circulação do livro.

Com a ascensão do faraó Amen-hotep IV, mais conhecido como Akhenaton (c.1353-1335 a.C.) e a fundação da cidade de Amarna, deu-se início a um período que trouxe inúmeras transformações na arte e nas práticas de culto público e privado. Este estudo apresenta e analisa objetos do contexto privado nas residências de elite e nas aldeias dos trabalhadores da cidade de Amarna. A iconografia dos estudos de caso selecionados a partir das coleções de diversos museus demonstra a intimidade e o afeto utilizado como linguagem política por Akhenaton e Nefertiti. A tese aborda estes objetos com o intuito de caracterizar o culto doméstico na cidade de Amarna.

Our lay theories suggest that people who are overconfident in their knowledge are less likely to revise that knowledge when someone else offers an alternative belief. Similarly, we might assume that people who are willing to revise their beliefs might not be very confident in their knowledge to begin with. Two studies with children aged 4-11 years old and college students call these lay theories into question. We found that young children were simultaneously more overconfident in their knowledge (e.g., believing they knew what chartreuse meant) and more likely to revise their initial beliefs (e.g., choosing another color after seeing a peer choose a different color) than older children and adults. These results bridge the metacognitive and epistemic trust literatures, which have largely progressed independently from each other. We discuss the potential causes and functions of the dissociation between the confidence with which beliefs are held and the revision of those beliefs across development.

Este trabalho de projeto tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma solução de deteção, classificação e contrarresposta aos primeiros indícios de um ataque de ransomware no ecossistema de backups da Altice Portugal. Com o uso da tecnologia EDR/XDR, o trabalho realizado divide-se em duas componentes principais. A primeira envolveu a análise de comportamentos observados no mundo real por grupos APT; a utilização de ferramentas de emulação adversária para testar a capacidade de deteção e mitigação da tecnologia e, por fim, a criação dos respetivos playbooks de resposta. A segunda componente teve como objetivo o estudo da plataforma de backup da Altice Portugal como um potencial alvo para ataques de ransomware, do qual foram desenhados casos de uso de deteção específicos. Embora não tenha sido possível a implementação destes devido a limitações no Falcon EDR/XDR, foram conceptualizadas soluções viáveis para as ultrapassar. Espera-se que os casos de uso desenhados ajudem a melhorar a postura de segurança deste ecossistema crítico.

The Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) state machine replication technique satisfies the integrity and availability of a service even if a fraction of its replicas fail arbitrarily, either by crashing or presenting malicious behaviour. Confidentiality can also be achieved in BFT systems using Secret Sharing to ensure that malicious parties cannot decipher the stored information. Despite this, access patterns can still be leaked to an attacker and potentially reveal the ciphered information, especially if there is some knowledge about its nature. The goal of this thesis is to build a system implementing BFT State Machine Replication not only with Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality but also Access Pattern Privacy. To achieve access pattern privacy, and give an additional layer of protection to the existing solutions, Oblivious RAM was used. When retrieving information, Oblivious RAM not only retrieves and updates that desired piece of information but also other items stored, to make the operation oblivious. Moreover, this solution was implemented with support for multiple clients, to improve the usability and real-world applicability of the developed work. When compared with the existing ORAM literature, our solution ensures a further layer of security, because of its integration with BFT and Secret Sharing. Furthermore, the developed solution was implemented and compared with other Oblivious RAM constructions, to show its efficiency and evaluate its performance. The obtained results were favourable, making this work a practical Oblivious RAM with support for concurrent clients, while at the same time supporting multiple servers subject to Byzantine failures.

Intellectual humility is usually regarded as a virtue. In this paper we conceptualized intellectual humility along 2 dimensions: (1) placing an adequate level of confidence in one’s own beliefs; (2) being willing to consider other people’s beliefs. We tested whether children (ages 4-11 years) and adults perceived intellectual humility as positive and how these perceptions changed across the development. To do so, we asked participants to evaluate an intellectually humble person as compared to an intellectually arrogant person, who readily dismissed other people’s beliefs, or to an intellectually diffident person, who was unsure of a well-supported belief. Young children did not favor the intellectually humble person over the others, but older children and adults liked this person better and tended to consider her nicer than the arrogant one and smarter than the diffident one. These findings suggest that the virtuousness of intellectual humility in others is recognized from mid-childhood on.