Repositório RCAAP

This master thesis aims to investigate the presence of women in the narratives about the history of books, particularly their activity in the field of printing with movable type and, specifically, within the conjuncture of the private press movement, at the beginning of the twentieth century, in Central Europe and the United States. First, some considerations will be made about the invention of the typographic technique, as well as some of its peculiarities. Next, a brief contextualization will be made about the participation of women in the printing business in the West, in order to demonstrate how numerous and active they have been in the field, since the advent of the printed book, in the middle of the 15th century. Afterwards, the emphasis will fall on the passage from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, to direct the focus of the work to the historical moment in which what later became known as the private press movement emerged. In the sequence, we will focus on the practices situated between writing and printing, common in the context of this movement, and highlight four cases of women who operated their own private presses, alone or with others

Esta dissertação - Da Cidade ao Museu e do Museu à Cidade - consiste num projecto de exposição temporária a realizar no Museu Nacional do Azulejo, tendo como base a identificação prévia de núcleos azulejares da segunda metade do século XX inscritos na cidade de Lisboa. Esta exposição encontra-se organizada em quatro núcleos: o Núcleo I corresponde às obras em azulejo incluídas no espaço da Avenida Infante Santo; o Núcleo II abarca algumas intervenções de menção existentes nas estações do Metropolitano de Lisboa; o Núcleo III respeita às obras em suporte cerâmico do Parque das Nações e o Núcleo IV concerne a outras Obras de Referência que marcaram a cidade mas que não apresentam uma relação geográfica de proximidade. Todas as obras cerâmicas que integram os núcleos, como elementos de Arte Pública, encontram-se acessíveis a todos os cidadãos com uma marca autoral forte e constituem obras de referência no campo da azulejaria dos principais artistas portugueses. O principal objectivo da exposição é causar um efeito de proximidade no visitante para assim o manter sempre consciente do lugar de contexto dos revestimentos cerâmicos evocados e promover a sua observação in situ, ou seja remetê-lo de novo para o espaço da cidade. Com esta dissertação propõe-se a criação de uma estratégia de divulgação do património azulejar contemporâneo na cidade. Pretende-se devolver o público a esse território urbano, que ele visita, trabalha ou habita quotidianamente, servindo simultaneamente de mecanismo de preservação do mesmo

Bacterial conjugation is an important process which allows for the transference of plasmids between different bacteria. Plasmids may be useful for the bacteria in the way they carry genes that code for antibiotic resistance and other beneficial traits. Previous work has showed a great diversity of conjugation efficiency for several strains of Escherichia coli with the plasmid R1. We studied the conjugation efficiency of five plasmids (R16a, R702, RP4, R124 and R477-1) belonging to five different incompatibility groups. We observed a great diversity of conjugation efficiency, depending on the donor strain, on the recipient strain and on the plasmid to be transferred. Moreover, we observed that plasmids present in a donor strain influence the conjugation efficiency of a newly inserted plasmid. Other studies showed that, although plasmids can be advantageous under certain conditions, they normally impose a cost to the host. That cost can be assumed as the plasmid’s virulence and it can evolve accordingly with models of evolution of virulence. It has been shown that the cost of harboring a plasmid can be minimized by means of co-evolution. Also, it can be influenced by epistatic interactions with the host’s genome or other plasmids. We observed that R16a didn’t impose fitness cost to any host, that R477-1 conferred and advantage to one donor strain and cost to other two strains. We could not pick a model of virulence evolution (trade-off hypothesis or within host competition hypothesis), to explain the different fitness values obtained. Epistatic interactions between plasmids and bacterial genome or other plasmids may also have influenced the fitness values we obtained. We also confirmed that through co-evolution, the cost for an E.coli strain to carry the plasmid R477-1 was compensated, and that this fitness change didn’t have a direct relationship with the conjugation efficiency for this plasmid-donor strain dyad.

In contrast to the fast fashion model, which nurtures a behavior of rapid consumption and disposal, sustainable fashion, or slow fashion, is on the rise. This is about more ethical production, concern for the environment, the workers and other individuals who are indirectly part of this chain, local communities, fair trade, and slowing down consumption. Along the same lines, the Circular Economy is being strengthened in Europe, which affects the textile industry in many ways and stimulates urgent changes in this sector. As a result, fashion brands are beginning to adapt their practices, showing greater social and environmental concern. However, it is difficult for consumers, brands, and experts alike to say how and why a product is more or less sustainable than others since there are many variables that influence this answer. In order to find ways to make this process easier to understand, based on parameters that can guide the definition of a product's sustainability, lingerie was used as the object of study, as it is the author's area of professional activity. This research was carried out using a literature review methodology, sustainability indicators analysis, inquiry , and case study. Ultimately, this investigation clarifies about how the market can define sustainable fashion products and how the Circular Economy plays a fundamental role in this equation

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The Security in the Interparental Subsystem Scale (SIS) is based on emotional security theory. This study examined the psychometric properties of an adaptation of the SIS to a sample of Portuguese adolescents (60.3% girls; 10 to 18 years old; Mage = 13 years; N = 229), recruited in public schools. Discriminant and concurrent validity were assessed by analyzing SIS dimensions associations with adolescents’ exposure to interparental conflict (IC), and psychological adjustment, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the SIS supported a six-factor solution, with satisfactory internal consistency. Evidence for discriminant and concurrent validity was provided: most SIS dimensions significantly discriminated between adolescents exposed to higher vs. lower levels of IC; and a significant positive association between emotional reactivity and adolescents’ externalizing symptoms was found. These findings suggest that the SIS is a reliable tool for assessing adolescents’ emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship within the context of this sample.

The ability to distinguish spontaneous from volitional emotional expressions is an important social skill. How do blind individuals perceive emotional authenticity? Unlike sighted individuals, they cannot rely on facial and body language cues, relying instead on vocal cues alone. Here, we combined behavioral and ERP measures to investigate authenticity perception in laughter and crying in individuals with early- or late-blindness onset. Early-blind, late-blind, and sighted control participants (n ¼ 17 per group, N ¼ 51) completed authenticity and emotion discrimination tasks while EEG data were recorded. The stimuli consisted of laughs and cries that were either spontaneous or volitional. The ERP analysis focused on the N1, P2, and late positive potential (LPP). Behaviorally, earlyblind participants showed intact authenticity perception, but late-blind participants performed worse than controls. There were no group differences in the emotion discrimination task. In brain responses, all groups were sensitive to laughter authenticity at the P2 stage, and to crying authenticity at the early LPP stage. Nevertheless, only early-blind participants were sensitive to crying authenticity at the N1 and middle LPP stages, and to laughter authenticity at the early LPP stage. Furthermore, early-blind and sighted participants were more sensitive than late-blind ones to crying authenticity at the P2 and late LPP stages. Altogether, these findings suggest that early blindness relates to facilitated brain processing of authenticity in voices, both at early sensory and late cognitive-evaluative stages. Late-onset blindness, in contrast, relates to decreased sensitivity to authenticity at behavioral and brain levels.

O conceito de inibição na literatura sobre activação interactica e o vasto número de supostas funções desempenhadas pelos mecanismos inibitórios no processamento da linguagem foram objecto de estudo de vários autores, que procuram examinar as implicações deste tipo de análise na interpretação de dados experimentais e verificar se a inibição é um processo identificável na produção e compreensão da linguagem. O intuito deste artigo é fazer uma revisão crítica da evidência empírica e verificar se a mesma suporta a existência de mecanismos inibitórios que actuem nas representações fonológicas durante o processo de reconhecimento de palavras faladas.

This study investigates microclimate changes induced by urbanization, with a focus on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon and the crucial role of Land Surface Temperature (LST). Using the Landsat 8 Land Surface Temperature and Reflectance dataset obtained from the USGS Earth Explorer platform, the research evaluates LST and exoatmospheric albedo characteristics within Lisbon's Metropolitan Area across a defined set of thermal periods from 2015 to 2020. Among the findings, the Bare Soil or Sand LCZ consistently exhibits heightened LST values, while the Large Low Rise urban LCZ consistently records the highest temperatures, exceeding 54 °C and 55 °C in spring and summer and 43.8 °C and 37.8 °C in autumn and winter, respectively. These insights, derived from a meticulous examination of the Landsat 8 dataset and advanced processing methods, bear critical implications for climate change adaptation strategies, providing valuable insights to mitigate the adverse effects of the Urban Heat Island and foster sustainable urban development practices.

This project work focuses on the study and valorization of the Ferraz de Macedo Physical Anthropology Collection, included in the National Museum of Natural History and Science. This collection brings together about 53 complete and incomplete skulls, having undergone several changes since it was collected until the present day. Ferraz de Macedo lived between 1845 and 1907 (62 years) and dedicated his life to cultivating himself, studying various subjects, among which he ended up developing a special taste for Physical Anthropology. Influenced by the main anthropologists of the time, he dedicated his studies to conducting cranial measurements, to refute the theory that cranial size determined whether the individual had criminal inclinations. After gathering a large number of measurements, he was able to prove that the theory was false. Thus, the first physical anthropology collection in Portugal was born. The oldest descriptions say that this collection came to have around 1000 skulls and 300 skeletons. However, after more than 100 years and a great fire, what remains is a much smaller number, counting today with 53 skulls and no skeleton. With the intention of studying and valuing the collection, an internship was carried out in which the inventory of the collection was done, as well as an analysis of the state of conservation of the mortal remains, a detailed description, and a photographic survey of the present individuals. As a result, the history of the Ferraz de Macedo collection is presented, and the context lived by the identified individuals is revealed, thanks to the original book by its author, Taboas Antropometricas (Anthropometric Tables), in which is possible to find essential information. With this work, it was possible to study and value this collection with due dignity, as it is the first Physical Anthropology collection in Portugal, which still has treasures of considerable importance to be discovered

Introdução. A tecnologia impacta variadíssimos campos da medicina e a sexualidade não é exceção. A partir da interseção entre a sexualidade e a tecnologia, surgiu o termo Sex Tech, que engloba desde robots de realidade virtual até simples aplicações de telemóvel. Esta indústria alterou profundamente o modo como se experienciam relacionamentos. Um exemplo de fácil acesso de Sex Tech, que conta com milhões de utilizadores, são as aplicações de encontros (Tinder, Grindr, Bumble), capazes de localizar parceiros com interesses em comum nas redondezas. Objetivo. Determinar se a utilização destas aplicações de encontros se associa a níveis mais elevados de stress, ansiedade ou depressão e avaliar as principais motivações para a utilização de aplicações de encontros, numa população de estudantes universitários portugueses. Com este estudo, espera-se colmatar a falta de informação que existe sobre as aplicações de rede geossocial, amplamente usadas pela população, em particular os jovens. Tem particular relevância na medida em que é inovador em Portugal, avaliando um grande grupo de pessoas, representativo da população universitária do país. Métodos. Foi elaborado um questionário dirigido a estudantes universitários, com recurso à ferramenta online Google forms, compreendendo uma parte inicial destinada à caracterização sociodemográfica da amostra, uma segunda parte com questões dirigidas a utilizadores das aplicações de encontros e uma última parte, onde se adicionou a Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados. Quinhentos e catorze participantes responderam ao questionário, dos quais 497 cumprem o critério de inclusão – ser estudante do ensino superior. A sua média de idades é de 21,8 anos, sendo a idade mais baixa 18 anos e a mais alta 41 anos. Setenta porcento são do sexo feminino e os restantes do sexo masculino. Trinta e quatro porcento, dos estudantes, utilizam ou já utilizaram estas aplicações. Os utilizadores que acederam, pela última vez, no máximo há uma semana revelaram um score de depressão estatisticamente superior aos não utilizadores e utilizadores que acederam há mais tempo. Os utilizadores homossexuais têm um score de ansiedade estatisticamente superior ao score dos utilizadores heterossexuais. O motivo mais Impacto na Saúde Mental da utilização de Aplicações de Rede Geossocial de Encontros e Motivações entre Estudantes Universitários apontado para a utilização de aplicações foi “conhecer pessoas novas”, seguido de “entretenimento” e “curiosidade”. Conclusão. Relacionou-se scores de depressão superiores com a utilização das aplicações. O principal motivo para o seu uso é “conhecer pessoas novas”.

The NEET phenomenon in southern Europe is particularly alarming. Most studies have focused on analysing the socio-demographic characteristics of NEET and policies directed towards them, but more research is needed regarding the psychological aspects that underlie this condition. This paper, grounded in the bioecological model, aims to analyse the psychological dimensions regarding the functioning of Public Employment Services (PESs) in three countries that rely on the South Mediterranean welfare model. Between November 2022 and September 2023, research was conducted across six rural PES locations in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, based on interviews and focus groups with PES operators and young NEET users. Thematic analysis identified two central axes: Enhancing Relationships and Building Strategic Action, which were crucial for improving NEET-PES interactions and fostering connections between PES and other community entities. The results highlighted the importance of psychological elements in the effective involvement of NEETs in policy initiatives.

The industry of cork stoppers is extremely important for Portuguese economy so there has been always a huge investment in this market row. The manufacture process of cork stoppers includes a series of stages that can favor molds development on cork planks. As a result, some compounds can be produced being a source of unpleasant flavors (such as cork taint of wine). At IBET exists a collection of fungi isolated along the years from different stages of cork stoppers manufacture process. A sample composed by 198 fungi was randomly chosen from that culture collection and was analyzed phenotypic and molecularly. Macroscopically, features like diameter, texture and color have been observed. For color coding an optimization was made in order to minimize the subjectivity associated to this parameter. Microscopic slides were prepared trying to describe the different reproductive structures of each isolate. For molecular techniques, the core sequence of phage M13 and [HVH(GACA)4] were used as primers for fungal DNA fingerprinting. 157 isolates from the genus Penicillium were identified and 26 fungi from the genus Aspergillus. Moreover, in a fewer proportion, it were also identified 2 fungi from the genus Chrysonilia, 3 fungi from Cladosporium genus, 5 from genus Mucor and 4 from genus Trichoderma. Although DNA fingerprinting did not reveal full diagnostic power to separate the isolates at species level, the utilization of other primers in association with M13 and [HVH(GACA)4] may improve this analysis. Moreover, it was observed that phenotypic characterization allowed the identification of fungi up to genus level. This characterization of the studied fungi complemented the information of each isolate of the culture collection. So, now the culture collection has more useful information and its access is facilitated.

In this initial study of a research project, this paper seeks to understand the thermal conditions in the cities of Lisbon and Munich, specifcally focusing on Urban Heat Island intensity and on thermal comfort using the Universal Thermal Climate Index modeling data at the Local Climate Zone scale. Based on these datasets, Munich has exhibited more unfavourable thermal conditions than Lisbon. In terms of UHII, both cities have shown that low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and bare rock or paved areas have the highest values, while sparsely built areas have the lowest. These results difer from the UTCI, which indicates that in Lisbon and Munich, these sparsely built areas as well as areas with low plants and vegetation are the most uncomfortable. In Munich, the population was exposed to very strong heat stress, while Lisbon experienced strong heat stress conditions. Conversely, low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and densely wooded areas in Munich, and scattered trees areas and large low-rise urban areas in Lisbon, have demonstrated the lowest monthly mean and average maximum values. These results will be further explored in future studies in the city of Lisbon and crosschecked with data obtained from roving missions. This will enable a more detailed temporal and local analysis.

Objective: The link between the systemic vasculature system and tumor biology is here investigated by studying the contribution of CβS (844ins68), MTHFR (677C > T), NOS3 (4a/4b), CYBA (C242T), and ACE1 (I/D) genes to leiomyoma onset, uterus and leiomyoma volumes. Methods: DNA samples from 130 women with leiomyomas and 527 from healthy women were genotyped by PCR or PCR-RFLP. Qui-square (χ2) or Fisher's exact test were used to test associations. All the mentioned tests were performed in IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 28. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05. Results: Results revealed that CβS (in the codominant and allelic models, p = 0.044 and, p = 0.015, OR = 1.791 [1.114-2.879], respectively), MTHFR (in the codominant, allelic and dominant models, p = 0.009, p = 0.002, OR = 0.585 [0.416-0.824] and p = 0.003, OR = 0.527 [0.346-0.802], respectively) and ACE1 (dominant model, p = 0.045, OR = 0.639 [0.411-0.992]) genes are associated with leiomyoma onset. NOS3 4a4a genotype is associated with a lower uterus volume (p = 0.004). This study also uncovers intriguing epistatic interactions among some genes that further accentuate their roles in disease modulation. Indeed, the epistatic interactions between the CC genotype (MTHFR) and (+/+) (CβS; p = 0.003), 4b4b (NOS3; p = 0.006, OR = 2.050 [1.223-3.439]) or DD (ACE1; p < 0.001, OR = 2.362 [1.438-3.880]) were shown to be associated with the disease, while 4a presence (NOS3) in epistasis with I presence (ACE1), increased the effect protection having just the I allele presence (p = 0.029, OR = 0.446 [0.214-0.930]). Conclusions: We conclude that variation in genes related to the systemic vascular system can play a role in the onset and development of leiomyoma.

The DESCOLA project, initiated in 2018 by the Department of Culture of the Municipality of Lisbon, is an initiative that recognizes the importance of culture and art in education and the comprehensive training of students, preparing them for the challenges of the present world. Its objective is to promote the educational potential of Lisbon's municipal cultural facilities, bringing them closer to the school audience. A multiple case study was conducted, focused on three continuity projects of DESCOLA: Ao lado de Pomar, Caminhos Improváveis, and Estado Crítico. These projects involved partnerships between municipal cultural facilities (Atelier-Museu Júlio Pomar, Casa Fernando Pessoa, and Museu Bordalo Pinheiro) and public schools (Escola Artística António Arroio, Escola Secundária do Fundão, Escola Básica e Secundária Josefa de Óbidos, and Escola Secundária Marquês de Pombal), encompassing a total of nine high school classes. The aim of this research was to understand how these projects contributed to the development of skills defined by the Profile of the Student Leaving Compulsory Education, such as critical thinking, creative thinking, and aesthetic and artistic sensitivity in high school students. Overall, these projects have the potential to transform the school environment, strengthen the role of public spaces in education, and have a positive impact on students' interaction with culture and art, stimulating creativity, critical thinking, and artistic sensitivity. However, they faced common challenges associated with the implementation of innovative educational projects

Os jovens estão a demorar mais tempo a estabelecer as suas identidades profissionais e a definir os seus percursos profissionais nos países desenvolvidos, particularmente em países do sul da Europa, como Portugal. Atualmente, esta transição é definida por constantes avanços e recuos, passando por diferentes experiências educativas e de emprego. Estes percursos mais longos e incertos que medeiam a passagem do papel de estudante ao papel de trabalhador estão cada vez mais a ocorrer fora do âmbito do apoio institucional, incluindo o apoio disponibilizado pelos serviços públicos de emprego (Simões, 2022).

Background: Ventral hernia repair underwent various developments in the previous decade. Laparoscopic primary ventral hernia repair may be an alternative to open repair since it prevents large abdominal incisions. However, whether laparoscopy improves clinical outcomes has not been systematically assessed. Objectives: The aim is to compare the clinical outcomes of the laparoscopic versus open approach of primary ventral hernias. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted in February 2023. All randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopy with the open approach in patients with a primary ventral hernia were included. A fixed-effects meta-analysis of risk ratios was performed for hernia recurrence, local infection, wound dehiscence, and local seroma. Meta-analysis for weighted mean differences was performed for postoperative pain, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and time until return to work. Results: Nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall hernia recurrence was twice less likely to occur in laparoscopy (RR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.32-0.74; p < 0.001; I2 = 29%). Local infection (RR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.19-0.49; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), wound dehiscence (RR = 0.08; 95%CI = 0.02-0.32; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%), and local seroma (RR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.19-0.59; p < 0.001; I2 = 14%) were also significantly less likely in patients undergoing laparoscopy. Severe heterogeneity was obtained when pooling data on postoperative pain, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and time until return to work. Conclusion: The results of available studies are controversial and have a high risk of bias, small sample sizes, and no well-defined protocols. However, the laparoscopic approach seems associated with a lower frequency of hernia recurrence, local infection, wound dehiscence, and local seroma.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas importantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica disponível. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).