Repositório RCAAP

A presente dissertação analisa a relação entre os arquivos e as políticas públicas, partindo da seguinte pergunta: Qual o lugar dos arquivos nas políticas públicas portuguesas entre 1976 e 2019? A investigação assenta sobre um conjunto de objetivos gerais: identificar a presença dos arquivos nos processos político-decisórios em Portugal no período definido e compreender se a presença dos arquivos nesses processos pode ser entendida na perspetiva de construção de uma política arquivística. E, como objetivos específicos: correlacionar as alterações no contexto político e socioeconómico com possíveis variações na presença dos arquivos nas políticas públicas; identificar a legislação no âmbito dos arquivos e analisar a sua estrutura face ao previsto na literatura e, ainda, identificar a aplicação de programas destinados aos arquivos e analisar os seus resultados. O processo investigativo tem como base um quadro metodológico qualitativo, que segue o método da Investigação Documental. Nesse seguimento, analisou-se, segundo uma abordagem interpretativista, os mecanismos de tomada de decisão e de apoio à mesma, bem como outros instrumentos legais e normativos, relacionados com políticas e ações legais no contexto dos arquivos em Portugal, no período entre 1976 e 2019, isto é, os programas de governo, as grandes opções do plano, programas e diplomas legislativos. A fundamentação teórica do estudo, que permitiu contextualizar o tema e definir os conceitos operatórios de ‘arquivo’ e de ‘política pública’ assenta em estudos científicos de referência, que têm vindo a analisar os contextos nacional e internacional relativamente a políticas arquivísticas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar a presença dos arquivos nas agendas governamentais, bem como traçar uma evolução do desenvolvimento e aplicação de medidas neste âmbito, relacionando-as, por um lado, com o contexto socioeconómico e político e, por outro, com os estudos de referência previamente identificados. Conclui-se que o lugar dos arquivos nas políticas públicas portuguesas, entre 1976 e 2019, é, ainda, um lugar assente na vertente histórica e patrimonialista, que exclui a vertente da gestão da informação, não a considerando no próprio conceito de ‘arquivo’.

A presente dissertação focaliza-se na utilização do humor verbal como instrumento didático no ensino e aprendizagem de Português Língua Estrangeira/ Língua Segunda (PLE/PL2). Na comunicação interpessoal, o humor pode constituir uma fonte de dificuldades para aprendentes de língua estrangeira/segunda, porque dele podem fazer parte as ambiguidades de sentido, as referências culturais, históricas ou contextuais. Para uma atuação efetiva nos registos humorísticos, os aprendentes devem ter mais exposição a materiais humorísticos na sua aprendizagem. No contexto do ensino de LE/L2, o humor pode ser um instrumento importante ao serviço dos aspetos linguísticos e socioculturais da língua meta, promovendo ainda um ambiente de aprendizagem que incentive participações. O nosso interesse foi examinar a presença do humor verbal e o seu aproveitamento didático em manuais de PLE/PL2, na medida em que os manuais ainda podem ser considerados como um dos principais recursos didáticos no atual contexto educativo. Antes de proceder à análise, fizemos uma breve exposição dos estudos que abordam o humor no contexto do ensino de LE/L2, apontando as necessidades e os benefícios potenciais da sua incorporação nas aulas e salientando a necessidade do seu uso apropriado, de modo a evitar possíveis efeitos negativos. Além disso, verificou-se que havia pouca atenção dispensada ao humor verbal nos documentos oficiais relativos ao ensino de PLE/PL2, quer como instrumento didático, quer como parte da competência comunicativa plena. Através duma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos textos humorísticos encontrados no conjunto de vinte e oito manuais de PLE/PL2, procuramos dar respostas às seguintes perguntas: (1) quando os autores usam textos humorísticos nos manuais de PLE/PL2, estão conscientes de que estão a usá-los como instrumento didático? (2) Como se correlacionam os tipos de texto humorístico, os objetivos didáticos, as funções didáticas nas atividades? (3) Qual é a diferença no uso dos textos humorísticos entre os manuais de PLE/PL2 destinados às diferentes faixas etárias, e aos diferentes níveis de proficiência do público-alvo? Neste trabalho, afirmamos a convicção de que o humor verbal pode e deve estar presente nas aulas de PLE/PL2, uma vez que este discurso pode ser um recurso muito proveitoso tanto para o professor como para os aprendentes.

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Currently, the main targets of drug therapy for ulcerative colitis [UC] are endoscopic and clinical remission. However, there is active discussion about the additional advantages of including histological remission as a target. Accumulating evidence indicates that microscopic activity persists in endoscopically quiescent UC, that histological changes may lag behind clinical remission after treatment, and that absence of histological activity predicts lower rates of relapse, hospitalization, surgery and subsequent neoplasia. Obtaining useful information from mucosal biopsies in this setting depends on accurate and consistent evaluation of histological features. However, there is no standardization of biopsy procedures, histological sample processing technique or histological scoring systems, and there is no agreement on the definitions of histological remission, response or activity. Accordingly, a consensus expert panel convened by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] reviewed the literature and agreed a number of position statements regarding harmonization of UC histopathology. The objective was to provide evidence-based guidance for the standardization and harmonization of procedures, definitions and scoring systems for histology in UC, and to reach expert consensus where possible. We propose the absence of intraepithelial neutrophils, erosion and ulceration as a minimum requirement for the definition of histological remission. For randomized control trials we recommend the use of the Robarts histopathology index [RHI] or the Nancy index [NI]. For observational studies or in clinical practice we recommend the use of the NI. To predict the risk of future neoplasia in UC, cumulative histological scores over time are more useful than single scores.

Carob callus from hypotocotyl segments produced ethylene in different amounts which were related to the composition of the medium and age of the callus. Both light and darkness stimulated high levels of ethylene production. No correlation was found between growth rate and ethylene production under dark conditions. In the light, a significant correlation was found, indicating that etylene production and growth rate follow one another. Culture medium was the most important factor in controlling the growth rate and ethylene production. The highest values of ethylene production were obtained on media showing highest callus growth rate. These studies seem to indicate that most of the ethylene produced is a by-product of metabolic changes during carob callus development, though, under certain conditions, the initial evolution could regulate growth.

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OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the satisfaction of patients receiving nonvitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs), compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Two reviewers screened, extracted, and appraised data independently. We pooled data using a random-effects model. Outcome included treatment satisfaction, which was assessed by scores of Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), Anticlot Treatment Scale (ACTS), Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire 2 (PACT-Q2), or Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II (TSQM-VII) and their domains reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We followed MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: We included four RCTs and 16 observational studies, enrolling 18,684 participants overall. Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 4.21 points (95% CI: 2.99-5.43, I 2 = 95%, combined n = 6,180), and ACTS Benefits by 0.49 points (95% CI: 0.18-0.81, I 2 = 85%, combined n = 6,171). Switching from VKAs to NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 5.33 points (95% CI: 3.53-7.14, combined n = 3,097). Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the TSQM-VII Global Satisfaction score by 6.86 points (95% CI: 3.00-10.73, combined n = 5,535). CONCLUSION: In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, NOAC treatment is associated with greater satisfaction compared with VKAs. The switch from VKAs to NOACs was associated with improved patients’ satisfaction. These effects were largely due to a lower degree of treatment burden with NOAC treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all health care systems worldwide. Nevertheless, it is important to stress that there are other burdensome diseases such as influenza that should also be prevented and managed. Furthermore, the coinfection of COVID-19 and influenza is a matter of concern among healthcare professionals and the general population.

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.

Academic and political debates about the extent to which planning influences the volume, type, location and affordability of new housing have not gained as much prominence in Portugal as in England, where planning obligations are aimed at providing new affordable housing, as well as a mix of housing tenures. Yet, in England, the use of Section 106 in planning agreements to secure affordable housing as a proportion of new developments has received mixed reactions: at times considered a successful public value-capture tool while, at others, as a neoliberal policy that is not generating the expected results. The purpose of this research, which is based on literature reviews and semi-structured interviews with government advisors, local officials, and academics, is to investigate why and how planning for affordable housing has been used in England and not in Portugal. The data shows that divergence in the adoption of planning obligations for affordable housing is the result of different but interdependent causes: path dependency (a concept which suggests that past events influence present and future ones), ideology (values, beliefs and a general political orientation regarding how society ought to be and how to improve it), and planning cultures (collective social practices with their specific roots, legal traditions, ethos, etc.).

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Thermoplastic synthetic polymers are present not only in everyday life, but also in the objects of museum collections and works of art, constituting our historical and cultural heritage. Given the experimental impetus of contemporary artists, they used and still use in their works diverse and unconventional materials, often construction materials, such as paints based on acrylic resins used in interior painting; plastic membranes for insulation and cover polyvinyl chloride (PVC); acrylic sheets of methyl polymethacrylate (PMMA) applied in place of common glass; or other plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), among many others. It is therefore necessary to identify these polymers, to study their characteristics and their behaviour towards some external agents, such as UV-V radiation, temperature, ambient humidity or even in some cases, liquid water and oxygen. The research presented here aims to identify the plastic used by the Portuguese painter Daniel Vasconcelos Melim as a support for his paintings in acrylic paint; to study its physical and chemical properties and identify the most frequent change phenomena; and still understand the artist's path, as well as his work. For the identification and comparative study of the synthetic polymer used by the artist, simple physical and chemical tests were used: density measurement and solubility tests in different solvents, pyrolysis and flame tests, immersion of the samples in distilled water and pH measurements and the Soxhlet organic solvent extraction method, on samples of thermoplastic membranes of the RENOLIT - SE brand of different years, namely 2011 and 2018. And for a more accurate identification it was applied Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR-FTIR) Aging tests were also carried out on membrane samples for 67 days, at room temperature of 21 oC and at 70 oC in order to identify some alteration phenomena, such as: colour change and loss of mass.

This paper proposes a risk score computed from ultrasound data that correlates to plaque activity. It has the twofold purpose of detecting symptomatic plaques and estimating the likelihood of the asymptomatic lesion to become symptomatic. The proposed ultrasonographic activity index (UAI) relies on the plaque active profile, which is a combination of the most discriminate ultrasound parameter associated with symptoms. These features are extracted by the automatic algorithm and also by the physician from the ultrasound images and from some transformations on it, such as monogenic decomposition, which is a novelty in this clinical problem. This information is used to compute a risk score from the conditional probabilities of either symptomatic or asymptomatic groups. Symptom detection performance is evaluated on a transversal dataset of 146 plaques, where UAI obtained 83.5% accuracy, 84.1% sensitivity, and 83.7% specificity. Performance is also assessed on a longitudinal study of 112 plaques, where UAI shows a significant improvement over the gold standard degree of stenosis, demonstrating higher power at predicting which asymptomatic plaques developed symptoms in an average follow-up of ten months. Results suggest that this score could have a positive impact on early stroke prevention and treatment planning.

INTRODUCTION: Symptomatic chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is an uncommon condition that usually presents with intestinal angina, sitophobia and unintentional weight loss. Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) has very rarely been described in the settings of CMI. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a case of a 73 year old man that developed an AAC as a complication of CMI. The patient underwent a simultaneous cholecystectomy and open aortic revascularization which was successful. At 24 months of follow-up the patient is clinically well and regained weight.DISCUSSION: Ischemia has been considered an important etiology for the development of AAC. In the settings of CMI, an AAC might develop has a herald sign of progression to acute mesenteric ischemia and infarction, as the cystic artery is a terminal artery with no collateral network. Performing the aortic revascularization simultaneously with the cholecystectomy might prevent this possible fatal outcome. CONCLUSION: This case reinforces aortic and visceral occlusive disease as a possible risk factor for thedevelopment of AAC, and discusses the treatment controversies when managing both conditions simultaneously.

The present dissertation, in the course of Master’s degree in the Sciences of Conservation, Restauration and Production of Contemporary Art, at the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Lisbon, aims to explore volumetric reconstruction and its application to a work in gesso by the sculptor Simões de Almeida Júnior, O Órfão (1871). The Faculty of Fine Arts possesses in their archive an original gesso which is missing the right hand. The National Museum for Contemporary Art (MNAC) possesses another gesso copy of the same sculpture which is also missing part of the right hand and arm. In this work, we seek to familiarize ourselves with the life and work of Simões de Almeida (Tio) and, by way of the statue O Órfão, broadening the theme of volumetric construction in the practice of conservation and restoration. Firstly, we will present the trajectory of the artist and provide a general survey of the sculptural works which have survived. Following, ethical questions are addressed regarding the profession of the conservationist-restorer in a manner which leads us to the final part: examining the modus operandi of the profession, and the technical legitimacy of volumetric reconstruction. The research also investigates the topic of photogrammetry to better understand the process which allows the execution of a 3D replica which will be applied to the gesso. This process began with an original photograph of O Órfão, from the MNAC collection, in which the work is depicted in its entirety, and measurements taken from the original (of the left hand) of O Órfão, from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Lisbon. The final objective of this dissertation is volumetric reconstruction of the element which is completely missing (the right hand and wrist) and aims to achieve the interpretation and appreciation of the artwork as a whole.

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This project work reports, through a set of photographic images, a suburban reality, which was titled Nocturna: a suburban perception. Briefly, it begins with a description of the history of photography, based on Walter Benjamin's theoretical foundations on the various phases of the aura, with particular focus on photography. From his analysis of Eugène Atget's work, it appears that the concept of aura is associated with something more than the character of a unique and irreproachable object, situating the Benjamin´s reflections in the historical and sociological context in which they were written, proposing their critical evaluation. With the central question about the status of photography, André Rouillé's considerations on the boundaries where a photograph as a document transcends and invades the artistic field are explored. It describes the technical evolution of photography, which led to the pictorialist movement and its possible appreciation as art. Because photography has an intrinsic documentary character, it was used by the various sciences that emerged with the industrialization of the nineteenth century, including ethnography, to which particular attention is devoted, where its method of research can be compared with the way of acting of the flanêur. In ethnographic research, there is usually the need to “cut out” a given reality due to the multiplicity of subjects that can be studied, which refers to the work of August Sander, a photographer who inserts within the scope of artistic photography the notion of typology and his methodology was later adopted by Bernd and Hilla Becher in their photographic series (typologies). The context in which photography develops its singularities, along with economic growth and the expansion of cities, is also emphasized, translated into a new social structure, with an irreversible impact on the behavior of modern man, creating the foundations of consumer society, which would extend to the present day. In this sense, cities become a grand stage of theater, where each individual is simultaneously an actor and spectator before the other.Thus, the project Nocturna: a suburban perception is based on these issues, leaving the observer free to interpret their images as well as the consistency of their integration within their descriptive and conceptual part.

Human beings are increasingly subjected to risks and phenomena of natural or technological origin that can compromise the balance between the social and natural environments. The Knowledge Society of the 20th century is characterized by the intensification of risks associated with climate change. Potentially devastating risks are our society’s biggest problem. By definition, risk is the value obtained from the assessment of possible consequences (human losses, direct and indirect damages and costs) caused by incidents or accidents, together with the probability of occurrence of hazardous processes due to the conjunction of the factors involved. Risk is a combination of the probability of unfavorable scenarios and their consequences. In this context, it is possible, and advisable, to evaluate the expected value of these consequences, in order to establish, based on scenarios, procedures for forecasting, preventing, controlling and mitigating the effects of these hazardous processes to people and assets, associated with both natural and technological risks. Risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk management are the main pieces in the process known as ‘Risk Assessment’. Risk assessment can be understood as the joint effort of identifying and analysing potential future events, i.e., risk analysis, and evaluating the acceptability of risk based on the risk analysis, while considering influencing factors, i.e., risk evaluation. In short, risk assessment analyses what can go wrong, how likely it is to happen and, if it happens, what are the potential consequences. Since this is a multi-disciplinary domain involving various scientific areas, among which geography, Earth and environmental sciences, ecology, engineering, law, economics, sociology and political sciences, this book gathers contributions covering a wide spectrum of topics with regard to their theoretical background and field of application. As part of this process, the resulting assessment of risk may be expressed in both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Vulnerability to risks varies widely, primarily depending on the capacity of societies to integrate them in the management of their activities, to mitigate their effects and to recover from the disaster. Two major parameters are decisive for ensuring the development of these capacities and the consequent reduction in vulnerability - expert knowledge and planning. It is within the first parameter that one seeks to discern the magnitude of risks and to test new technologies to support the monitoring, evaluation and communication of threats. The concept of risk has, of course, evolved over time, and is now a basic principle in decision-making by politicians, managers, entrepreneurs, builders and civil protection services, in the definition of safety and security systems, completed in safety and emergency plans, and is integrated in crisis management programs associated with accident situations. Risk assessment is an inherent part of an overall risk management strategy, which attempts to introduce, after a risk assessment, control measures to eliminate or reduce any potential risk-related consequences. This concept is linked today to a new paradigm, in which the technological, social and communicational aspects gain even more relevance.

The objective of this research is to propose a theoretical model based on studies on residents’ quality of life in smart tourism destinations. Smart tourism destinations are territories based on information and communication technologies (ICT), which improve travelers’ tourist experiences as well as affect the quality of life of residents. To know the context of the relationships between tourism and quality of life, main studies and theories regarding these two phenomena are analyzed. Likewise, the relationship between smart places and quality of life is also studied. Therefore, a theoretical model on residents’ quality of life in smart tourism destinations is proposed based on a systematized analysis of the literature. From the theoretical model, it is perceived that residents’ overall life satisfaction results from the relationship between perceived tourism impacts and satisfaction with specific life factors, and they are measured by qualitative indicators. Also, it is identified that the quality of life of residents is clearly influenced by the impacts of tourism and ICTs. In addition, it is understood that the residents’ overall life satisfaction corroborates for the further development of the smart tourism destination. Finally, we understand that the knowledge of residents’ perception and satisfaction of their quality of life contribute to formulation and implementation of urban and tourism development policies in smart tourism destinations.

Introduction: The stent assisted balloon induced intimal disruption and relamination in aortic dissection repair (STABILISE) technique is being increasingly used for the treatment of complicated aortic dissections. However, as it is a fairly recent technique, the scientific information is limited. Report: In this paper we report two cases of the STABILISE technique associated with procedures in the ascending aorta and supra-aortic trunks, consisting of a “frozen elephant trunk” procedure in one case and in the other, a carotid endarterectomy associated with reimplantation of the vertebral artery and partial arch debranching. Discussion: In conclusion, while acknowledging the need for longer follow up and greater experience to support the safety and efficacy of this procedure, the two cases reported confirm that the STABILISE technique is a valid endovascular alternative in the treatment of complicated aortic dissections.