Repositório RCAAP

Initially, the article tries to describe the role of Community Colleges in the American system of higher education. It describes its origin, growth, income sources, and relationship with other higher education institutions. After that, it shows some of the problems of the system – alongside the increase in access, the analyses have pointed to the fragility of the success, i.e., students’ performance, as well as equity showing the strong stratification and hierarchy of the American educational system. Therefore, it is argued that the dilemmas and problems are not strictly related to the school system, but to a social formation in which inequality is particularly high.

This article presents the results of the national and international literature review on  supervised internship and the role of the cooperating-teacher who receives and monitors the teaching training of interns in the school. The teacher, initially trained to provide basic education, receives interns in his/her class without necessarily relying on guidance on how to perform this formative function. The studies investigated revealed the learning from the performance of this function follows those of vocational schools, mainly through transmission of exemplary practices. These training practices clash with certain proposals for teacher education that are being established in the current educational context, marked by speeches on the professionalization of teaching.

The paper analyzes patterns of intra- and interschool segregation for the entire Rio de Janeiro, municipal school system from 2004 to 2010. The research design captures the “net effect” of “schooling in shifts/sessions, a mandatory distribution of pupils across morning and afternoon “shifts” or “sessions”. Segregation was assessed utilizing the Segregation Index considering four different pupil characteristics: poverty, color/race, parents’ education and age/grade distortion. The results indicate that “school shifts” increase the overall level of segregation and that the pupils are being consistently selected based on prior educational attainment, reinforcing the existence of “informal tracking” in Rio de Janeiro public schools.

Brazilian municipalities have a long history of educational service. However, since 1996, with the approval of the Fund for Maintenance and Development of the Fundamental Education – Fundef –, there was a massive increase in this process. This paper aims to analyze some causes and effects of this increased responsibility with regard to their planning and fi nancing capacity. Will the municipalities have the financial resources, and management and planning tools to meet the new challenges? Are the federal mechanisms that maintain this pattern of educational provision, in particular the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and for the Appreciation of Education Professionals – Fundeb – sustainable? The results point to the need to establish permanent mechanisms to ensure the effective collaboration of the federated entities, with an increase of the Union’s role in the funding and technical support regarding planning and evaluation.

The paper points out the importance of understanding children´s constructions in the context of social relations that are produced and updated in everyday interactions. In this regard we will analyse the different (methodological and conceptual) contributions of anthropology and psychogenetic theory to the research of children´s social knowledge. We will argue that it is possible to build an approach that links both disciplinary fields. We will review the core characteristics of the clinical critical method and ethnography with the aim of stressing their potencialities as well as their limitations for  the research. Furthermore we will argue that this method must be resignified within the basic premises of social anthropology.

This text belongs to the fi eld of studies on the evaluation of public policies and aims to analyze the educational planning carried out using PAR. More specifically, it intends to answer questions regarding the responsiveness of educational systems to the application of PAR and the ability of this planning tool to draw together the entities of the federation for the management of education. The analyses developed here are based on questions related to the process of centralizing/decentralizing educational policies. The implementation of PAR presents difficulties in achieving the goals of integration and collaboration between the entities of the Federation at the same time that it contributes to the development of planning and dialogue actions between educational systems.

This study addresses the current planning model in latin america, which was inspired by the thought of national development granting the state the role of the leading actor of economic development. it examines the influence of this model on the planning of social arenas, including the educational one and inquires the factors that led to its breakdown. the criticisms of the fundamental postulates of traditional economic planning in the late 1970s and the post-80s crisis, and the search for alternative proposals of planning are also adressed. finally, the study deals with Carlos Matus´s situational strategic planning (pes method), covering the main operational concepts of the method of this intellectual and economist altogether its suitability for the program of the social and educational areas.

Psychology and Education are two areas which historically maintain a close relationship on building elements for school teaching and learning processes. The present study presents data related to such a relationship, as displayed in the Brazilian journal Cadernos de Pesquisa – CP –, from 1980 to 2012. The aim was to highlight how the relationship between the two areas regarding content teaching was established in the more recent past and to verify if it is still effective in the CP publications. Results, obtained through Content Analysis of seventy articles, indicated that the prominent psychological theory in the 1980s and 1990s was Piaget’s; different Psychological trends underlie the discussions from 2000 to2012; in the last decade, it has been possible to identify a decrease in the number of articles that articulate Psychology and Education within content learning and teaching processes.

This paper proposes a dialogue of the contemporary issue of transexuality in schools, based on some concepts of the philosopher Michel Foucault, in order to reflect on the issue through the device of sexuality, of one of its shifts, i.e., the device of transexuality, as well as on the biopolitical agency of the school which aims to control and regulate the trans/trav bodies and subjectivities. The research also discusses the use of social names by transvestites and transexuals in schools; seen, on one hand,  as an achievement by social and identity movements and, on the other hand, as a biopolitical strategy of the government to  control the bodies and the processes of subjectivity of such individuals. Finally, it presents a challenge in relation to the possibilities to escape the biopolitical agency from the school.

 This article is an experience report of the extension project conducted with families of incarcerated women in a female prison. The goal was to provide a space to receive people visiting their relatives in that prison. We noticed that many family members experienced the lack or the frailty of social support networks. This study presents three stories of mothers who followed the incarceration of their daughters. These stories point to the need for an articulated action with these networks, and show the limitation of Psychology education, usually focused on the individual removed from his/her social context. The discussion reinforces the need to adopt the principles of integrality and intersectoriality in psychological practices, demanding changes in our education. 

The article discusses the idea that a reflective activity regarding teaching professional practices allows individuals to be more efficient when starting work. It is based on data from a study on the analysis of the practices proposed by the Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres – IUFM – (Brittany, France) throughout the initial teachers training program. The discussion shows that, although the analysis of the practices stimulate the creation of a narrative space that, through collective exchanges, allows teachers to build organizing principles of practices that have the potential to generate new teaching practices. This process brings to light professionalization paradigms prevailing in the educational field which diverge as regards the role of theory and its articulation with teaching practices.

Resenha

This article discusses how early childhood education is shared between families and educators, in pre-schools. The investigation consisted of qualitative research, by means of an ethnographic case study, conducted in 2010 and 2011, in a Centro de Educação Infantil – CEI (Early Childhood Center-ECC), a public municipal school in São Paulo, which accepts children aged from 0 to 4 years. The methodological procedures combined participant observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews with the CEI team and with the families. The results showed that the relationship between educators and families is permeated by conflicts and, for the establishment of a partnership, it is necessary to promote actions to ensure an ongoing dialogue about collective education of children.

This paper discusses the experience of Residence in Public Policy – RPP – offered within the public policy graduate program at University of Brasilia. RPP involves relevant methodological innovations applied within the supervised training. The students are taken into government agencies to conduct research. This article shows the results of a descriptive and evaluative effort regarding the methodology used to develop the Residence, and its preliminary results. We have investigated the perception of the students of the first class of RPP and also the perception of the receiving organizations. With regard to students, there was full achievement of the objectives of RPP; with regard to the receiving organizations, satisfactory engagement was found, even though there were some procedural difficulties.

The article covers the assigned texts included in the educational textbooks for the discipline of Portuguese language in the project São Paulo Faz Escola – SPFE – which began in 2008 and was adopted as a curricular proposal by the São Paulo State Department of Education – SEE-SP. The use of verbal and non­verbal texts is compared in the São Paulo proposal and in the series Português: linguagens, of William Roberto Cereja and Thereza Cochar Magalhães (Editora Saraiva), an educational collection adapted to the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD. The main tool for analysis is the concept of textual genre, according to the definition supported by the National curricular parameters and by the SEE-SP. Among the general findings, the shift away from the notion of genre by the SPFE can be emphasized by the recurring use of texts devoid of social history and the standardization of content present in the above mentioned texts books.

In this article, we discuss how the political and discursive fights develop according to the significance of a curriculum based on post-structural authors and interpretations that we make from these theoretical records in the curriculum field in Brazil. The proposed debate questions the policies of the teacher training curriculum oriented to the perspective of social change. We present the discussion through four interconnected theses: teacher training is an impossible project; yet this teacher training is required; this need can be linked to the project that for many seems abandoned: the project of changing the world; the challenge of change involves our responsibility and commitment, as well as the constant political debate about what is understood as change and meaning in the world.

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The paper aimed to investigate the management of resources for the maintenance and development of education – MDE – in Campo Grande, the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 1997 to 2012. The purpose was to find out to what extent the amount of resources available would suffice to ensure the right to education, at basic education levels, in municipal schools. The investigation included the study of federal and municipal legislation and documents, especially municipal balance sheets, as well as relevant literature on the contributed to the topic. The increase in municipal revenues for MDE observed during the period may have contributed to the universalization of fundamental education and to the compulsory expansion of basic education.