Repositório RCAAP

The politics of adherence to antiretroviral therapy: between ancestral conflicts and drug resistance

This article investigates the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Maputo, Mozambique. Firstly, the author examines the enrolment procedures of medical professionals in health centres, which are intended to “produce” adherent patients. Secondly, through the exemplary case study of Joana, a young patient and her family, the author explores the zone of social abandonment (Biehl 2007) where vulnerable subjects become trapped, leaving little hope for adherence to therapy or other survival strategies. The author argues that the shortage of infrastructure, as well as other social forces, clash with the emergence of so-called ‘therapeutic citizenships’ analyzed from other anthropological studies since the introduction of ART (Nguyen 2010). Caught between the shortcomings of the health system and a violent family context, Joana’s body became a battleground for ancestral conflicts and a stark illustration of medical failure

Ano

2025-10-28T12:18:55Z

Creators

Cancelliere, Francesca

I-DECIDE : a social prescribing and digital intervention protocol to promote sexual and reproductive health and quality of life among young Cape Verdeans

Cape Verdean governments have intensified the investment on the National Reproductive Health Program, aiming to provide universal and qualified services, especially to the youngest people. Nevertheless, data suggest that some health challenges remain in this group (e.g., high rates of early/unplanned pregnancies, illegal abortions, sexual risk behaviors). In this paper, we present a protocol of a community-based social prescribing and digital intervention to promote wellbeing and quality of life across the life course of young Cape Verdeans, with a specific focus on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) related behaviors. The intervention program, to be developed in three years, will follow an Intervention Mapping approach, namely regarding needs assessment and study’s protocol. The program’s implementation and evaluation will occur simultaneously. The main expected result is the development of a sustainable training program implemented in coproduction with Cape Verdeans from Mindelo (in São Vicente island), with replicable potential in other Cape Verdean regions. The intervention will contribute to SRH-related literacy through the digital health literacy materials and to quality of life across the young’s life course.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:13:47Z

Creators

Costa, Andreia Mourão, Susana Santos, Osvaldo Alarcão, Violeta Virgolino, Ana Nogueira, Paulo Jorge Bettencourt, Marlinda Rocha Reis, Suely Graça, Albertino Henriques, Adriana

Contributo de dois testes de funçoes executivas no diagnóstico neuropsicológico

O interesse acerca das funções executivas no contexto do envelhecimento cognitivo, tem crescido nos últimos anos. Estas funções englobam um conjunto de capacidades metacognitivas que permitem aos indivíduos perceber os estímulos do seu próprio ambiente, responder de forma adaptada, possuir flexibilidade para a mudança, antecipar objectivos futuros e considerar consequências dos seus actos. Existe declínio das funções executivas no envelhecimento normal, no defeito cognitivo ligeiro e na demência. Muitos instrumentos procuram identificar as alterações nas funções executivas neste âmbito, mas são poucos os que se encontram adaptados à nossa população. Procedemos ao cálculo dos valores normativos de dois testes neuropsicológicos de funções executivas para a população portuguesa com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos. A 426 participantes saudáveis, sem lesão cerebral e autónomos nas actividades de vida diária, aplicaram-se o subteste Symbol Search e o Stroop Test versão de Golden, como parte de uma bateria desenvolvida para um estudo sobre envelhecimento. Os participantes apresentavam idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 95 (65,8+8,7) com 7,2 anos de escolaridade em média (DP+4.3), sendo 63% do sexo feminino. Os resultados evidenciaram efeitos de idade e escolaridade no desempenho dos dois testes, revelando-se pouco sensíveis e específicos num grupo clínico, demonstrando que a sua utilidade na avaliação neuropsicológica de pessoas com défices nas funções executivas deve ser integrada juntamente com mais testes.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:24:20Z

Creators

Freitas, Vanda Filipa Viseu Cândido, 1983-

ISBE Newsletter nº 82: Factores de risco de morte aos 30 dias em doentes com COVID‐19 grave residentes em lares de 3ª idade - As taxas de mortalidade e a morbilidade da infecção pelo SARS‐CoV‐2 são superiores às da influenza sazonal

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:25:26Z

Creators

Carneiro, António Vaz Neto, Susana

Osservatorio Fiume. Echi e ripercussioni nell’opinione pubblica internazionale

The centenary of the Fiume adventure leads scholars to rethink the event in a broader historical and geographical perspective. This special issue aims to contribute to such renovated interest by investigating the presence of international visitors in the Adriatic city as well as by analyzing the echoes produced in the foreign press by d’Annunzio occupation. Even incomplete, the picture that emerged shows both how the d’Annunzio propaganda was able in attracting «political tourists» from around the world and how the endeavor has to be consider an event that galvanized – and also divided – the public opinion abroad and not just an Italian fact.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:24:07Z

Creators

Gori, Annarita Cuzzi, Marco

Discussioni: Fiume cent’anni dopo. Contributi di Dominique Kirchner Reill, Giordano Bruno Guerri, Giuseppe Parlato, Marco Mondini, Raoul Pupo

In un momento come l’attuale, che impone la trasformazione di ogni dibattito in virtuale, abbiamo deciso di approfittare della rubrica che «Memoria e Ricerca» dedica alle discussioni per ospitare su queste pagine una tavola rotonda. Uno spazio di riflessione pensato sia come una chiosa ai saggi che compongono il volume sia come un’ulteriore riprova di quanto, a cento anni dall’impresa di Fiume, la storiografia continui a riflettere sui nuovi approcci da adottare e sull’impatto che questo evento ha avuto non solo nei territori che ne hanno fatto da panno di fondo, ma anche sulla storia europea. A tal proposito abbiamo ritenuto utile un confronto tra cinque studiosi che hanno analizzato in dettaglio l’esperienza e che riflettono estrazioni interpretative, generazionali e culturali differenti.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:21:54Z

Creators

Gori, Annarita Cuzzi, Marco

The new PubMed : improvements of the most widely used database on biomedical information

Launched in 1996 by the U. S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed allowed free access to the collection of indexed publications on MEDLINE. Currently it includes more than 30 million citations from biomedical literature and provides several complementary resources.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:17:32Z

Creators

Henriques, Susana Oliveira Marques Da Silva, Bernardo

La Gazzella e la Pantera. La gestione dell’apparenza razziale nella industria della moda

No summary/description provided

Ano

2025-10-28T12:25:00Z

Creators

Pussetti, Chiara

Oté to kobentén, modon! (Pai de uma órfã, volta!)

No summary/description provided

Ano

2025-10-28T12:23:40Z

Creators

Pussetti, Chiara

Trusted land: land deals, climate vulnerability and adaptation in Northern Mozambique

The surge of private land concessions in Sub-Saharan Africa carries the potential to push local populations to marginal areas, aggravating their climate vulnerability. This paper analyses the effects of resettlement on the vulnerability of relocated rural communities in Mozambique, from the perspective of environmental justice. The research seeks to understand how land concessions interfere with autonomous processes of adaptation that are not recognised within land distribution policies. The findings draw on a qualitative field research in two locations, in the provinces of Nampula and Cabo Delgado, where levels of poverty have persisted despite national trends of economic growth. The paper highlights how climate events inflluence perceptions of fairness amongst resettled populations, and how resettlements constrain their adaptative capabilities. The findings raise concern that misrecognition of adaptation practices can exacerbate the vulnerability of households to environmental change and to food insecurity, thereby hindering the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG1 (No Poverty), SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG13 (Climate Action). The author argues for the centrality of recognition within environmental justice, while contributing recommendations to ensure that land deals fulfil principles of distributional and procedural justice, which take into consideration the compound pressures of land use changes and climate vulnerability.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:25:40Z

Creators

Gomes, Carla

Nem distância, nem fronteira: um percurso do interior do caderno ao ambiente da instalação

In my recent artistic production, what is mine? What really represent's me? This was the question that inspired Manu Romeiro to start her series of notebooks. Unquiet to see what is essential to her artistic work, seeking what is really her own and not stereotypes rooted in society and in art culture, in 2005, the artist started through drawing a plunge into the unknown. Still young, lonely, but persistent, the artist did not find a single answer, instead, launched a journey that opened doors for exciting experiences where art and life came together in a intensely intertwined way. In this investigation NEITHER DISTANCE, NOR FRONTIER: A journey from the inside of the notebook to the installation environment, the researcher aims to understand her artistic path based mainly on her works from 2017 to 2019. Her artistic practice begins in a consistent production with her notebooks and is extended to several artistic languages until it is configured in the recent experiments as an installation. However, drawing is the fundamental language that dialogues with all her production. This research seeks to understand the complexities of drawing, which starts as a tool for the artist's relationship and dialogue with people, with the city, with daily life and nature. However, the drawing as a continuous and repetitive process begins to unravel as a tool for sensitizing the gaze and, invariably, as a continuous process of unmasking oneself and the world. In this wide artistic process driven by drawing, the artist suddenly finds herself in a non-space – without distance or border – which embraces her being, the world and her artistic expression. At the same time this process reflects and consists of a free and diverse artistic production, which from the notebook and through the drawing expands to several languages, some of which are addressed in this project, such as: writing, painting, music, performance, intervention and installation.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:16:48Z

Creators

Romeiro, Manuela Bueno

Flora Consumed in Accra, Ghana, in the 16th Century and Today

Contacts between Western African peoples and Europeans were closer from the second half of the 15th century onwards. The presence of valuable mineral resources gave Ghanaian territory the name of Gold Coast, which is more abundant of indentations, and natural ports than the remaining African coastline. Freshwater resources are widely available, even though littoral areas, where Accra was founded, only register 806.8 millimetres of rainfall per annum (WMO, 2018). The main water body that feeds electricity to the capital city is the Akosombo dam built “across the Volta River (…) blamed for the erosion of the Volta delta near Keta and the nearby coast of Togo”. Besides, “harbour works at Tema, constructed in about 1955, ten years before the dam was complete may be responsible for the erosion (…) of Accra” coastline (Grove, 1994, p. 12). These were the places that the three masts’ Portuguese caravels explored in 1471. Portuguese sailors reached Fernado Pó and S. Tomé islands, and crossed the Equator soon after, giving way to slavery and rich tropical commodities trade from Western Africa to Europe, and later to the Americas (Goes, 1567, Nguah and Kugbey, 2015). On 19th January 1482, king Afonso V ordered a Castle be built (S. Jorge da Mina or St. George) which today is the so-called Elmina Heritage Site, located west of Accra, a project given to Diogo of Azambuja (Resende, 1770). The Portuguese inhabited the gold trading post for 155 years; in 1637, the Dutch West Indies Company captured St. George’s Castle, replacing the former settlers; in 1672, the English created the Royal African Company to control the coastal areas spreading from the Sahara to the Cape of Good Hope. It was during the 17th century that trade definitely shifted from gold to slaves. In 1872, due to a decline in profits, the Dutch sold Elmina to the British, who dominated Ghanaian coastline until 1957 (Nghuah and Kugbey, 2015), year of independence.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:19:23Z

Creators

Madaleno, Isabel Maria

The evolution of Flora in the Island of S. Tomé: the social, economic and environmental impacts of colonisation

The Island of S. Tomé, located in the Gulf of Guinea, is part of one of the smallest countries on Earth, registering only 163,784 residents. It is also a very biodiverse equatorial environment, discovered by the Portuguese, in 1470. Exuberant native vegetation covers most of the island, even though it has suffered logging in order to give way to sugar plantations between 1494 and 1610, as well as coffee and cocoa plantations from 1780 onwards. Current submission stems from research conducted in the now independent country, in 2019, by the University of Lisbon. The objective was to find out if the depredation suffered in colonial times had any significant impacts on the environment, on food security and on the wellbeing of the Gulf of Guinea islanders. Methodology was three-fold: (1) examination of old manuscripts and recent literature about the history of plantations, so as to enumerate the plant species existent in the beginning of colonisation and the ones introduced during colonisation; (2) survey to fifty urban residents, in modern times, so as to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of Portuguese presence and economic management; (3) identification of flora. The in-depth interviews aimed four focus groups: (i) fruit, roots, staples, spices, and medicinal plant traders, found in markets and along the streets (74%); (ii) urban and peri-urban farmers that cultivated food plants, spices and medicinal flora (20%); (iii) traditional healers also involved in flora cultivation (4%); (iv) one touristic guide that traded medicines grown and processed in a Botanical Garden, located further inland (2%). The survey accounted for 111 botanical species, some of which were native. The hope is to contribute for a better understanding of the evolution of flora consumption in Africa, and to explain why there was no serious depredation in this Gulf of Guinea Equatorial environment.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:28:46Z

Creators

Madaleno, Isabel Maria

Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina (MRSA) : estudo do papel dos lares de terceira idade no ciclo epidemiológico entre o hospital e a comunidade

A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) é um dos agentes patogénicos humanos com maior relevância a nível hospitalar e tem surgido recentemente também como causa de infecções em pessoas sadias na comunidade. Os utentes dos lares de Terceira Idade são uma população particularmente vulnerável a infecções por MRSA, não só pela debilidade do seu sistema imunitário, mas porque frequentam com regularidade os hospitais. Apesar da sua importância desconhece-se qual a frequência, origem e tipos clonais de MRSA existentes nos lares de Terceira Idade em Portugal, assim como não está esclarecido qual o papel dos utentes destas instituições no ciclo epidemiológico de MRSA entre o hospital, lares e comunidade. Neste estudo contribuímos para o esclarecimento destas questões. Foram recolhidos 133 isolados de S. aureus de 307 pacientes no concelho de Évora durante um período de 12 meses, nomeadamente: nos serviços de internamento e de urgência do Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora e em dez lares de Terceira Idade deste concelho. Após identificação da espécie e determinação do perfil de resistência a um painel de 21 agentes antimicrobianos, foi testada a presença do determinante de resistência à meticilina (mecA) e da leucocidina Panton Valentine (PVL) por reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR, de polimerase chain reaction). A caracterização molecular foi feita por electroforese em campo pulsado (PFGE, de pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) e isolados representativos foram adicionalmente analisados por tipagem do gene spa e do elemento SCCmec (de, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec). Nos lares de Terceira Idade encontrou-se uma frequência de MRSA de 16%. Da totalidade de S. aureus identificados nos lares de Terceira idade, verificouse que 37% correspondiam a isolados de MSSA e MRSA epidémicos do hospital e 16% correspondiam a isolados de MSSA relacionados com clones epidémicos da comunidade. A taxa de MRSA encontrada na comunidade (4%) foi superior à encontrada em 2001 (menos de 1%), mas semelhante à frequência de CA-MRSA encontrada em doentes sem contacto prévio com o hospital e que recorreram ao hospital em 2009 em Portugal (5%). Os resultados sugerem que a frequência de MRSA associada à comunidade (CA-MRSA) aumentou no nosso país na última década. A única estirpe MRSA isolada deste ambiente pertencia a um clone tipicamente hospitalar (ST5-II). De igual forma a taxa de MRSA no hospital foi superior (57%) aos valores reportados em anos anteriores, tendo-se encontrado uma elevada diversidade genética. Grande parte dos isolados de MRSA pertencia ao clone EMRSA-15 (46%), mas também foram encontrados isolados pertencentes aos clones USA800 (ST5-IV), USA700 (ST72-IV), USA100 (ST5-II) e Clone Italiano (ST228-I). A grande maioria dos isolados MRSA era multiresistente (85%), tendo-se encontrado uma elevada frequência de resistência às quinolonas (37%) e macrolidos (34%). No entanto, nenhum isolado de S. aureus continha a leucocidina PVL. As relações epidemiológicas identificadas entre lares, hospitais e comunidade foram marcadamente diferentes para MSSA e MRSA. Enquanto se observou haver uma extensa e livre disseminação de estirpes MSSA entre estes três ambientes, a disseminação de MRSA verificou-se ser bastante menos extensa, realizando-se apenas entre lares e hospitais e sendo limitada a tipos clonais específicos transportando o SCCmec tipo IV (ST22-IVh e ST5-IV).

Ano

2025-10-28T12:26:46Z

Creators

Nunes, Maria João Velez, 1981-

Mapas mentales de un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, como estrategia de enseñanza de la geografía

Los mapas mentales, también conocidos como mapas cognitivos, son visiones individua­les simplificadas de nuestro entorno. En estudios anteriores se buscó analizar el aprendizaje del Mundo con mapas mentales. Esta contribución rescata los primeros estudios de Char­les Trowbridge (1913) y de Kevin Lynch (1960) sobre imágenes de las ciudades americanas, tal como fueron percibidas y dibujadas por sus residentes, aplicando similar metodología a un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, el barrio medieval de los moros, La Morería (Mouraria). La cuestión de investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Qué visión tienen del barrio estudiantes que lo hayan recurrido sólo una vez? Los alumnos de la licenciatura en Geografía del IGOT fueron invitados a hacer un recurrido por el barrio, a fotografiarlo, observarlo y hacer encuestas, bajo orientación de los dos profesores de la asignatura de Geografía Social y Cultural. En un segundo momento, tuvieron que relatar por escrito y cartografiar el recurrido de esa visita de estudio; En el tercer momento, sin previa notificación, se les solicitó diseñasen un mapa mental del recurrido por el barrio multicultural y multiétnico de Morería. Resultaron 29 ma­pas donde estaban las vías recurridas (calles y plazas), los marcos detalladamente analizados durante la visita (iglesias, comercios, restaurantes, residencias, hoteles), así como los límites y la orientación espacial del área estudiada. Se concluye que cerca de 2/3 de los estudiantes evi­dencia una correcta percepción del itinerario hecho, con buena navegación y representación de cinco o más puntos de referencia relevantes para la posterior profundización de aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales del barrio. El objetivo pedagógico es lo de ayudar los alumnos a comprender los principios clave de la representación cartográfica. Los mapas mentales son el instrumento utilizado para la alfabetización geográfica, entendidos como forma de comunicar las percepciones e interpretaciones de los hechos espaciales

Ano

2025-10-28T12:10:34Z

Creators

Madaleno, Isabel Maria

Kinetics and dynamic evaluation of specific immunotherapy

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is frequently used in the treatment of allergic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which SIT achieves clinical improvement remained unclear. We decided to study the in vivo kinetics of this therapy, using a nuclear medicine approach (leukocytes labelled with 99mTc-HMPAO) in patients on maintenance doses of specific immunotherapy with confirmed clinical efficacy. Material and methods: We studied 13 allergic patients grouped according to different treatment schedules: subcutaneous aqueous allergenic extract (3 latex and 2 hymenoptera venom), subcutaneous depot extract (2 house dust mite and 2 pollens), subcutaneous modified allergens (2 pollens), sublingual extract (2 house dust mites). The control group included two allergic patients submitted to subcutaneous injections of bacterial extract (1 patient--positive control), and aqueous solution (1 patient). At the same time that the therapeutic allergen was administered subcutaneously, the autologous labelled white cells were injected intravenously in a peripheral vein in the contralateral arm. A thoracic dynamic acquisition of 60 mins, 64x64 matrix, 2 frame/min, in anterior view was performed. Static acquisition for 256x256 matrix, during 5 mins each at 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 mins after the administration of the radiolabelled leukocytes, in thoracic (anterior and posterior), and abdominal view were performed. During the examination, the local erythema was monitored. A similar procedure was undertaken for Sublingual administration of immunotherapy. Results: The inflammatory activity at the site of SIT injection (aqueous depot extract) started in the first hour and the increase was time related. For modified allergen extract and sublingual SIT the activity was present since the beginning of the administration. The ascendant lymphatic drainage, which was directed to the homolateral axillary region, to the lymphoid tissue of the upper mediastinum and to the anterior region of the neck began earlier. Thoracic focalisations were present for all the patients, whereas bowel focalisations were only observed for the subcutaneous route of administration. Sublingual SIT did not induce axillary or intestinal inflammatory focalisations, even though the patients had swallowed the allergenic extract. The uptake coefficient in individualized areas corrected to the uptake coefficient background was also studied. Conclusions: For the subcutaneous route of administration, except for glutaraldehyde-modified allergen, the local inflammatory activity at the allergenic injection site was significantly higher in depth and was time dependent, maintaining activity even after complete disappearance of the erythema and/or wheal. These results express a prompt inflammatory involvement of the immune system with this allergenic therapy, which was unexpected until now. We also observed differences concerning allergic diseases, the type of allergenic extracts and routes of administration.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:18:55Z

Creators

Pereira, C. Botelho, F. Tavares, B. Lourenço, C. Baeta, C. Palma-Carlos, A. G. Lima, J. Chieira, C.

Useful flora grown and traded in Recife, Brazil

Recife is a coastal city located in Brazil. The Atlantic seashores were occupied in the beginning of the 16th century by the Portuguese, in search for Brazil-wood first and sugarcane, later, both very precious for Europe. After the Dutch conquered the now state of Pernambuco, in 1630, local population came down the hills of Olinda to settle close to the rivers Capibaribe and Beberibe, where a new urban agglomerate grew, named Recife, the Portuguese word for reef. This Brazilian Venice, known for its water channels and greenery, now has a million and a half residents and still proudly displays the tall coconut trees that impressed the early European colonisers. Coconuts are the first ranking species consumed in Recife, as the survey conducted in late 2019 and early 2020 proved. Research follows the methodology used in previous studies: (1) examination of 16th and 17th century manuscripts; and (2) in-depth interviews to local fruit, spice, and medicinal plant traders (47) and to urban gardeners (3). Results from the 50 testimonies show that about 192 native and exotic species are grown and traded in Recife, 46.9% of which are consumed as food, about 43.8% as medicines, 8.8% as spices and 0.5% had other uses. The first objective of this contribution is to further feed the database gathered for two decades about Latin American flora, the second one is to explain the urban growth of Recife, in Brazil, and the third is to compare old and current usages, of the same plant species.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:20:34Z

Creators

Madaleno, Isabel Maria

Uma questão de tacto: das morfologias do toque à poética da intercorporalidade

Rooted in my artistic practice, this research deepens the relationship and the differences between touch and contact. It overlays two fields of inquiry: on the one hand, the role of touch in the context of interpersonal relationships; on the other hand, the conjectures that condition or promote the sense of touch in the aesthetic of reception. Touching implies being touched. The connection enabled by the sense of touch is ontologically inscribed in duality: the effective touch that recognizes the integrity of matter; and the metaphorical touch, whose radius of action exceeds the physical dimension of the organism through the deepening of the concepts of sensation, strength, and affection. The physical touch denotes an immediate, functional action, capable of pushing the allowed limits. The injunction (do not touch!) operates as an imposition by ensuring that the integrity of the body (and/or objects) is maintained through distance. Likewise, the act of touching can also be regarded as a way of seeing, a perception with no representation. Furthermore, to recognise the intelligibility of the skin does not imply physical contact. The question thus arises: In the art field, what are the senses (direction, meaning) of touch? In this context, a double correspondence is established between the interpretation of the verb touch (both on the perceptive component and the affective component) and the expansion of the notion of aesthetic touch (from visual contemplation to multisensory immersion), linked to a reading on the constraints and potential that are particular to the literal touch. A matter of tact refers to an idea that adapts the contact (togetherness), between a body and the sensitivity of the other, between an individual and another, between the artwork and body, matter and reflection, and the events where touch actively becomes contact.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:14:28Z

Creators

Pires, Susana Maria Coelho

Using a three-stage focus group design to develop questionnaire items for a mass survey on corruption and austerity: a roadmap

Abstract Purpose This article presents focus groups as a method to enhance questionnaire design to frame and test items for a mass survey on corruption and austerity in democracy. Such methodology lacks systematization when it comes to the description of implementation procedures and the discussion of effective contribution to the development of survey questions on sensitive topics. The objective of this article is to contribute to the specialized literature on corruption by offering a novel focus group approach and a roadmap to guide researchers in the field when using this methodology to develop questionnaire items. This hands-on guide can be adaptable to other (survey) studies on issues prone to social desirability bias. Design/methodology/approach This article proposes an innovative multi-technique (short questionnaire, visual stimuli and exploratory discussion with expert moderation) focus group approach to collect informal impressions about corruption and austerity. By developing a focus group design through the combination of different research techniques, the authors were able to triangulate reflexive, spontaneous and interactive qualitative bottom-up information about individual perceptions and reactions to sensitive topics. By describing how to implement these groups, other than discussing what type of qualitative information can be extracted from these discussions and to what effect, the authors seek to present a hands-on guide that can be replicated and adapted to similar studies. This roadmap will help researchers to test individual perceptions and reactions to sensitive topics through the use of tailored focus groups in order to enhance the quality of survey questionnaires prior to engaging in a high-cost fieldwork. Findings The article concludes that the adoption of the multi-technique focus group approach to requalify and test questions for a nationwide survey gives us a better understanding of the many ethical dilemmas individuals confront when thinking about and expressing their views on sensitive topics prone to social desirability bias. The proposed multi-technique focus group approach proved to be effective to engage participants during sessions and to obtain relevant and unanticipated information for the development of new questionnaire items and the reviewing of old ones. Research limitations/implications Implementing Focus Group (FG) in regions with different cultural traditions and levels of development and contrasting the perceptions, values and attitudes of two generations, with different formative backgrounds is not an easy task. In order to secure the adequate number and type of participants, the Focus Group were organized in close collaboration with four higher education institutions and two lifelong learning programs where the sessions took place. Participation was voluntary and consented, in accordance with the applicable legislation and standards for social research. Practical implications The article presents an accessible and adaptable roadmap to researchers working in the field of corruption studies as well as anticorruption government agencies and CSOs interested in enhancing the quality of survey questionnaires on sensitive topics target of social desirability before engaging in a high-cost fieldwork and to describe relevant information that can be extracted from the discussions held. Social implications Most cross-country surveys on corruption tend to use basic/traditional measures to assess the phenomenon, such as questions on extension, acceptability and/or experience. They take almost for granted that people have the same understanding of this complex construct, which may not hold true, as the focus group discussions illustrate. The three-stage focus group design aims to improve the quality of a survey design regarding people's attitudes, perceptions and experiences of corruption in democracy, by contributing to the development of new questions that tap into the relationship between social condemnation and the individual's socio-economic conditions. Originality/value The article provides a low-cost combination of qualitative-oriented (questionnaire development through focus groups) with a quantitative-oriented research tool (mass survey implementation) to meet mixed-method research objectives and enhance the ability to capture several “non-statistical” dimensions of complex social phenomena that are often neglected when a single-methodology approach is used.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:21:54Z

Creators

Sousa, Luis de Pinto, Isabel R. Clemente, Felippe Gouvêa Maciel, G.

Cutencyclopedia: a theoretical - practical investigation on the Kawaii as an aesthetic category in art and pop culture

A estética cute (“adorável,” “fofinho”) é uma característica central dos meios mediáticos do século XXI, estendendo-se desde a estratosfera das belas-artes contemporâneas até ao submundo da cultura de massas e ao “lado errado” da Internet. Esta tese de doutoramento mergulha no buraco do coelho do cute japonês – o kawaii – enquanto expressão mais extrema dos mundos estranhos, problemáticos, difíceis, complexos e caóticos que se revelam quando examinamos a relação entre o cute e a negatividade. Ao mesmo tempo, enquanto dissertação no campo das Belas-Artes, constitui um projeto de arte em si mesmo, criando uma “enciclopédia” de ensaios sobre a cuteness negativa. Além da dissertação na sua forma física, em papel, a “enciclopédia” destina-se a ser visualizada on-line, no site www.heta.moe. Deste modo, busca-se uma articulação entre teoria e prática artística, na qual uma não ilustra a outra e vice-versa, mas ambas as produções (obras de arte e ensaios) constroem lado a lado um universo autoral. Assim, apresenta-se um conjunto de ensaios onde se investiga a fenómeno-poética do kawaii. A tese divide-se em três partes: “Parte I - Enciclopédia”, “Parte 2 - Três Artigos” e “Parte III - Declaração de Artista.”

Ano

2025-10-28T12:24:20Z

Creators

Sousa, Ana Matilde Diogo de