Repositório RCAAP

A descrição do Habitat 9580* da Rede Natura 2000, nomeadamente no Noroeste ibérico, carece de informação fitossociológica que facilite a sua interpretação. Até agora esta é feita essencialmente enumerando os vários sintáxones em que Taxus baccata tem presença confirmada. Tanto pela falta de inventários nestas comunidades vegetais, mas também por se considerarem os teixedos como simples faciações das florestas envolventes, esta interpretação torna-se inconsequente, já que na maior parte dos casos não se refere a teixedos, i.e., bosquetes (co)dominados por Taxus baccata (Habitat 9580*), mas a indivíduos mais ou menos isolados no seio de outras comunidades. Com base numa análise DiffVal de 33 inventários de teixedos do NW ibérico, foi possível diferenciar e classificar três novos sintáxones florestais (co)dominados por Taxus baccata. Nos territórios lusitanos distinguem-se os teixedos geresianos, propostos como Eryngio juresiani-Taxetum baccatae subass. typicum, dos muito raros estrelenses Eryngio juresiani-Taxetum baccatae subass. loniceretosum hispanicae, enquanto que para os teixedos W cantábricos, claramente diferenciáveis dos lusitanos, propõe-se o nome Corylo avellanae-Taxetum baccatae.

In collective behaviour studies, the use of multi-animal tracking systems is extremely valuable. To be able to identify and track each individual in a group helps in the study and understanding of their behaviour in the collective. For this, researchers can use tracking systems, which can use sensors to detect the individuals; or they can use image-based tracking, with or without the need to mark the individuals. idtracker.ai is a state-of-the-art multi-animal image-based tracking system that uses convolutional neural networks to identify each of the individuals in a video. In videos with a higher density of individuals, idtracker.ai cannot extract enough frames of the single individuals (few frames ≈ 30) and the training of the identification network is slower. With the idea of decreasing this training time, here we propose to test three different machine learning methods. The first method is to use Transfer Learning models, with the expectation that the training can be done with few data. The second method is to use the ensemble method to join the results of various models of the idtracker.ai identification network, and thus decrease the variability of classification. Finally, the third method is to use not only multi-class labels but also pairwise-labels to increase the amount of information the network has available for training. The three methods are compared to the idtracker.ai model in terms of image classification accuracy and training time. Transfer learning and ensemble improved the accuracy of classification, but failed to reduce the time of training of the identification network. The pairwise method increased accuracy and time of training was comparable to the one of idtracker.ai. More specifically, by training the identification network with multi-class labeled images and pairwise-labeled images, the information the network can have from few images leads to an average classification accuracy of 94% (for 3000 images per class with 30 multi-labeled images per class). This is comparable to idtracker.ai trained with 3000 multi-labeled images (per class) - 98% accuracy, and is better than when idtracker.ai is trained with 30 multi-labeled images - 56% accuracy.

For some time, business improvement districts (BIDs) have entered into the discourse and practice of academics and urban planners. This model for town centre revitalization was created in North America, whose success has led to its transfer to a growing number of countries. This evolution highlights the importance of BIDs as an urban planning practice, as well as an object of study for academics interested in new models for intervening in central urban areas. BIDs are public–private partnerships, framed within an entrepreneurial logic of urban management that aims to increase the cities’ competitiveness. In this article, we aim to unfold the main research subjects of the literature focused on BIDs. We develop a systematic review for said endeavor, resorting to the established PRISMA protocol. After the screening and analysis of selected articles, four main research subjects were documented: (i) urban governance; (ii) urban policies: mobility and transfer; (iii) activities/axis of intervention; and (iv) types of BIDs/places of intervention. The selected literature enhances the contradictory nature of BIDs, ranging from the economic revitalization of city centres to the occasional exclusionary stance, in which it is developed. Our analysis also points to the important role of different actors in all stages of the policy transfer and implementation.

In recent years Question & Answering (QA) tasks became particularly relevant in the research field of natural language understanding. However, the lack of good quality datasets has been an important limiting factor in the quest for better models. Particularly in the biomedical domain, the scarcity of gold standard labelled datasets has been a recognized obstacle given its idiosyncrasies and complexities often require the participation of skilled domain¬specific experts in producing such datasets. To address this issue, a method for automatically gather Question¬Answer pairs from online QA biomedical forums has been suggested yielding a corpus named BiQA. The authors describe several strategies to validate this new dataset but a human manual verification has not been conducted. With this in mind, this dissertation was set out with the objectives of performing a manual verification of a sample of 1200 questions of BiQA and also to expanding these questions, by adding features, into a new corpus of text ¬ BiQA2 ¬ with the goal of contributing with a new corpusfor biomedical QA research. Regarding the manual verification of BiQA, a methodology for its characterization was laid out and allowed the identification of an array of potential problems related to the nature of its questions and answers aptness for which possible improvement solutions were presented. Concomitantly, the proposed new BiQA2 corpus ¬ created upon the validated questions and answers from the perused samples from BiQA ¬ builds new features similar to those observed in other biomedical corpus such as the BioASQ dataset. Both BiQA and BiQA2 were applied to deep learning strategies previously submitted to the BioASQ competition to assess their performance as a source of training data. Although the results achieved with the models created using BiQA2 exhibit limited capability pertaining to the BioASQ challenge, they also show some potential to contribute positively to model training in tasks such as Document re-ranking and answering to ‘yes/no’ questions.

The concept of romantic love has received scarce attention from anthropologists because it has been considered too intimate an experience in comparison with the ‘proper’ scientific study of marriage, kinship and descent. Anthropology’s failure to engage with love is also a product of the western discourse on emotions and sexuality of the cultural “Other”. For decades anthropologists have assumed that romantic love was a specific product of the European cultural and historical experience, virtually non-existent outside of Europe, and especially unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper I will consider Africa not as a culturally homogeneous context, but as a geographical area invested with a multitude of significations, imaginary, desires, fantasies or even phantoms, which, by force of repetition, became authoritative narratives. Therefore, I will discuss firstly the colonial representation of Africans as hypersexual, instinctual, primitive, morally inferior, emotionally immature and without the intellectual depth required for nobler sentiments like romantic love. I will highlight how these dehumanizing discourses, denying Africans the experience of romantic love and reducing them to pure sexual instinct, justified once slavery and colonial domination as well as legitimate now the deployment of illiberal practices on immigrants’ bodies. Finally, I will analyse the specificity and polysemy of the emic concept of love (edík) in the emotional narratives of Bijagó people (Guinea Bissau), examining the role of romance in the making of gendered modernities, and discussing the materiality of love and economies of intimacy in a changing economic and political context. My current fieldwork is supported by my individual post-doc project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (SFRH/BPD/95998/2013) and by the project EXCEL. “The Pursuit of Excellence. Biotechnologies, enhancement and body capital in Portugal” which has received funding FCT, under the grant agreement nº PTDC/SOC-ANT/30572/2017 under my coordination as PI.

This open access book explores the use of visual methods in migration studies through a combination of theoretical analyses and empirical studies. The first section looks at how various visual methods, including photography, film, and mental maps, may be used to analyse the spatial presence of migrants. The second section addresses the processual building of narratives around migration, thereby using formats such as film and visual essay, and reflecting upon the ways they become carriers and mediators of both story and theory within the subject of migration. Section three focuses on vulnerable communities and discusses how visual methods can empower these communities, thereby also focusing on the theoretical and ethical implications of migration. The fourth section addresses the issue of migrant representation in visual discourses. The fifth and concluding section comprises of a single methodological chapter which systematizes the use of visual methods in migration studies across disciplines, with regard to their empirical, theoretical, and ethical implications. Multidisciplinary in character, this book is an interesting read for students and migration scholars who engage with visual methods, as well as practitioners, journalists, filmmakers, photographers, curators of exhibitions who engage with a topic of migration visually.

A tarefa de vencer o atraso histórico de Portugal em matéria de qualificações colocou a educação vocacional e a educação de adultos no centro das prioridades da política educativa portuguesa. Esta aposta reflecte-se hoje na adesão das pessoas e das instituições à Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades, na qual se inserem diversas ofertas formativas. Com este trabalho, pretende-se analisar os projectos de vida e a integração dos adultos certificados no processo de reconhecimento de competências, assim como compreender a valorização atribuída por parte das empresas. Realizaram-se inquéritos aos adultos certificados e às empresas que têm protocolo com o Centro Novas Oportunidades da Associação Comercial e Industrial da Figueira da Foz. Participaram neste estudo cinquenta e um adultos certificados e doze empresas que colaboram com este Centro Novas Oportunidades. Os resultados encontrados permitem-nos concluir que as pessoas que frequentaram os processos de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de competências têm vindo a apresentar percepções positivas sobre o impacto do processo de validação nos seus diversos contextos de vida. Ao nível pessoal, os adultos percepcionam um aumento do auto-conhecimento e expectativas de melhoria dos seus projectos de vida; ao nível profissional, os adultos não reportam uma progressão ou mudança na carreira profissional, nem aumento de salário, no entanto, salientam-se outros aspectos positivos, tais como: iniciativa, competitividade, satisfação, responsabilidade e desempenho dos adultos na sua actividade profissional; ao nível formativo, percepcionam um aumento de competências nas áreas de Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação, Cidadania e Profissionalidade, Linguagem e Comunicação, nomeadamente, na leitura e interpretação de textos, conhecimento de línguas estrangeiras e da vontade de progressão de estudos. Discutemse ainda as vantagens da Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades nos diversos contextos de vida dos adultos.

A evolução tecnológica que atravessamos tem vindo a desempenhar um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da sociedade, havendo diversas ferramentas que procuram ajudar as empresas a obterem melhores resultados de produção com os menores custos possíveis. Esta afirmação está presente sobretudo no setor industrial, no entanto, com o aumento da esperança média de vida, e consequentemente, o aumento do volume de trabalho nos serviços de saúde, alguns autores debruçaram, nos últimos anos, as suas atenções na geração de valor na área dos cuidados de saúde. Michael Porter é o principal impulsionador, com a formulação da estratégia dos Cuidados Baseados no Valor (VBHC, do inglês Value-Based Health Care), que procura os melhores cuidados de saúde com os menores custos possíveis. No presente trabalho, pretendeu-se relacionar o VBHC com a especialidade de medicina nuclear, já que existe uma lacuna na literatura que relacione estes dois conceitos. Com a crescente implementação da estratégia de Porter nas instituições hospitalares, torna-se imprescindível definir bases que sejam transversais a todas as especialidades, assim como outras que sejam características específicas de cada uma, que devem ser avaliadas separadamente e comparadas apenas com serviços da mesma especialidade. Na mesma sequência, pretendeu-se comparar, de uma forma geral, o sistema de saúde português, que ainda se encontra numa fase muito inicial de implementação do VBHC, com alguns sistemas de saúde mundiais que já implementaram esta estratégia em alguns dos seus hospitais. Na mesma linha de pensamento, procurou dar-se algumas ideias que seriam de interessante implementação nas unidades de saúde em Portugal e, em concreto, nos serviços de medicina nuclear. Para se perceber o impacto das técnicas de medicina nuclear nos doentes, recorreu-se a estudos retrospetivos nos quais estas técnicas provaram acrescentar valor aos pacientes, melhorando a qualidade de vida e otimizando os recursos financeiros disponíveis. Sugere-se a continuidade do estudo numa fase pós-pandemia COVID-19, recorrendo ao contato direto com os utentes dos serviços de medicina nuclear, procurando perceber junto dos mesmos quais os principais fatores que mais valorizam quando procuram esta especialidade, de forma a adaptar a mesma às suas necessidades.

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease and Myxomatosis are highly infectious viral diseases that rapidly kill populations of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and, with some recent findings and studies, it quickly came to our understanding that those viruses have serious implications on the health of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus). The transmission of these viruses remains uncertain, with only some clearance in case of Myxomatosis, since some studies concluded that any biting or sucking arthropod could serve as a vector. However, viral transmission through mechanical vectors, such as insects, is of great epidemiological importance. Therefore, the aim of this work is to perform an analysis of the morphological characteristics of several specimens of arthropods caught near a rabbit hutch in Alenquer, Portugal, between December 2018 and December 2019, in order to detect and quantify the viruses (through real-time PCR analysis) in those arthropods. Two more captures were carried out in this location, in the month of February 2020, after an outbreak of the two diseases. A total of 30,522 specimens were identified, divided by 59 families/genus/species being represented mostly by Diptera (95.37%). The full screened month with most captured specimens in a 15-day sampling was February 2019 (9.36%). The specimen’s abundance was greater in Spring than Winter, which was expected, due to higher temperatures. Specimens infected with both viruses were found. Although, in small numbers they were all collected in Winter: Mycetophilidae (61 specimens) for Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus – Genotype 2 and Chironomidae (5), Ceratopogonidae (10), Lepidoptera (14), Muscidae (19), Scatopsidae (1), and Culicoides obsoletus (1) for Myxoma Virus. Considering that vector-borne diseases are a major problem nowadays, causing economic losses of thousands of millions of euros on vector control each year to reduce vector-borne pathogens. More studies are important regarding new vectors of vector-borne pathogens with Public and Animal Health importance.

We give a brief historical review of Louis de Broglie realistic research program as developed in Lisbon’s research group about nonlinear quantum physics. We propose and discuss “yes-no” type experiments to physically detect quantum waves, independently of the associated corpuscles. Thus, deciding if they are real physical perturbations or mere probability waves. We finally present a possible technological application for the detection of such waves in quantum communication.

A pandemia do Covid19 desencadeou em vários Estados-Membros da União Europeia a necessidade do desenho de Planos de Recuperação de forma a enquadrar o financiamento que permitirá a adoção medidas mitigadoras de curto e médio prazo, visando a recuperação e a resiliência da economia e da sociedade. No caso português, desenvolveuse o Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência que configura um momento chave e estratégico para a realidade nacional, para o planeamento e ordenamento do território, organização e recuperação das atividades económicas e vida social e cultural do país. Neste capítulo procurarei detalhar a análise em dois aspetos fundamentais que, a meu ver, merecem atenção especial por parte da tutela e do governo português, sob pena de agravarem problemas que existem no mercado de habitação e de arrendamento já desde o précovid: reabilitação energética do edificado e o mercado de arrendamento; e a Municipalização e Estratégias Locais de Habitação. Ao longo da análise serão evidenciadas recomendações políticas e terminaremos com a conclusão de que estas reformas devem estar articuladas dentro do quadro das políticas urbanas e sociais existentes, numa lógica de integração e complementaridade.

Este trabalho pretende analisar o modo de existência estrutural percorrido e determinado pelos seus limites lacunares e ruinosos. Utilizando primariamente uma análise transversal da obra de Georges Bataille e a sua forma de qualificar valor e desperdício, rastrearemos as suas influências mais directas, de autores como G. W. F. Hegel e Alexandre Kojève, de forma a aplicar os seus conceitos a condições produtivas modernas, em especial na caracterização do capitalismo moderno e contemporâneo, aferindo as suas contradições essenciais numa perspectiva de economia geral.

Conrad W. Watson describes fieldwork as ‘a period of particular heightened intensity’ (1999a: 2) in the introduction of Being There (1999b). The authors of this volume were by far not the first, nor the last, anthropologists questioning and critically reflecting on what it is that they are actually doing when being there in their respective fields. For Watson and others (Borneman and Hammoudi 2009; Geertz 2004; Hollan 2008), this was primarily an epistemological question, following ruptures in the discipline's identity after the Writing Culture Debates of the late 1980s. Forced to rethink their fieldwork practices, anthropologists saw their understandings of theory-building and knowledge production follow suit. However, the complexities and challenges of ethnographic fieldwork also confronted and still confront many anthropologists with intricate questions of inequalities, power structures and violence that not only need to be theorised but also navigated in the everyday practice of fieldwork.

Background: Gait impairments are among the most common and impactful symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent technological advances aim to quantify these impairments using low-cost wearable systems for use in either supervised clinical consultations or long-term unsupervised monitoring of gait in ecological environments. However, very few of these wearable systems have been validated comparatively to a criterion of established validity. Objective: We developed two movement analysis solutions (3D full-body kinematics based on inertial sensors, and a smartphone application) in which validity was assessed versus the optoelectronic criterion in a population of PD patients. Methods: Nineteen subjects with PD (7 female) participated in the study (age: 62 ± 12.27 years; disease duration: 6.39 ± 3.70 years; HY: 2 ± 0.23). Each participant underwent a gait analysis whilst barefoot, at a self-selected speed, for a distance of 3 times 10 m in a straight line, assessed simultaneously with all three systems. Results: Our results show excellent agreement between either solution and the optoelectronic criterion. Both systems differentiate between PD patients and healthy controls, and between PD patients in ON or OFF medication states (normal difference distributions pooled from published research in PD patients in ON and OFF states that included an age-matched healthy control group). Fair to high waveform similarity and mean absolute errors below the mean relative orientation accuracy of the equipment were found when comparing the angular kinematics between the full-body inertial sensor-based system and the optoelectronic criterion. Conclusions: We conclude that the presented solutions produce accurate results and can capture clinically relevant parameters using commodity wearable sensors or a simple smartphone. This validation will hopefully enable the adoption of these systems for supervised and unsupervised gait analysis in clinical practice and clinical trials.

The Portuguese Polar Program - PROPOLAR is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ( based at Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território ( of the University of Lisbon ( The coordination of PROPOLAR is led by the Centro de Estudos Geográficos from Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território University of Lisbon (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA), under a Coordinating Committee that includes members from 4 other research centres, namely the Centro de Ciências do Mar University of Algarve (CCMAR UALG), the Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente University of Coimbra (MARE UC), the Centro de Química Estrutural from Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisboa (CQE/IST ULISBOA), and the Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Oporto (CIIMAR U PORTO) Gonçalo Vieira (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA) is the Head of the program The remarkable effort and commitment of the Portuguese Polar scientists, within the framework of the International Polar Year ( 2007 08 were key to promote awareness of the importance of Polar science and research for Portugal A strategic plan encompassing three main objectives was then set out to i creating a Portuguese Polar Program focused on polar research and innovation and supporting the young generation of Polar scientists,scientists,( signing the Antarctic Treaty, and ( implementing a national Polar education and outreach program With the support of the FCT, PROPOLAR started in 2007 Portugal ratified the Antarctic Treaty in 2010 and the Madrid Protocol in 2014 and has established liaisons with major international Polar scientific and management organisations and networks PROPOLAR in close connection with the FCT, has ensured consolidation and sustainability of the development of Portuguese Polar science

The skin is a complex organ mainly responsible for protecting the body from external threats and maintaining homeostasis. It is a complex three-dimensional structure that is composed of two main compartments, the dermis and the epidermis. Due to increasing ethical and legal pressure on animal usage in research, reconstructed 3D human skin models have been gaining popularity. These models mimic human skin architecture in vitro and allow relatively easy manipulation to meet specific needs. Some rare diseases remain poorly studied and could take advantage of this technology. One example is the Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) which is an early-onset neurological disease that was first described in Quebec, Canada, but cases have been reported worldwide. Patients suffer from spasticity and lack of coordination of muscle movements, resulting in an early wheelchair dependence and premature death. ARSACS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SACS gene, leading to a defective sacsin protein. Sacsin loss of function has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities in the organization of intermediate filaments, but the complete picture is still unclear. Evidence of abnormalities in the skin of ARSACS patients has been reported, making this disease an interesting candidate to be studied using in vitro skin models. In this work, two different human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT and N/TERT-1) were used to create new human epidermal models using a polycarbonate inert matrix. The localization of different keratins and other markers (keratins 10, 14 and 15, and involucrin) were studied to characterize epidermal differentiation and stratification. Sacsin expression was analyzed in different cell lines and sacsin knockdown was attempted in HaCaT keratinocytes using lentiviral shRNAs. The HaCaT cell line was unable to recreate the normal multi-layer architecture of native skin nor the stratum corneum. This cell line expressed low amounts of the sacsin protein, and no difference was observed between the knockdown and the control by western blot. N/TERT-1 keratinocytes generated a stratified epidermis with all the normal layers present, including the stratum corneum. Complete epidermal differentiation was confirmed by the differential expression of epidermal markers. K14 expression was limited to the basal layer, while K10 was expressed in the upper layers, as expected. Involucrin was mostly expressed in the stratum granulosum and K15 expression was overall very low, indicating a successful differentiation. Sacsin expression was verified in different skin cells (HEKn, HDFn, and N/TERT-1), and N/TERT-1 expressed sacsin in amounts slightly lower than primary human keratinocytes. These findings suggest that the N/TERT-1 cell line has more potential to produce an epidermal skin model with an ARSACS phenotype, which can prove an important tool in future research. Despite the existing knowledge about sacsin structure and function, a lot is still unknown about this protein and how it causes the symptoms underlying ARSACS disease. Advances in this topic could contribute to the development of therapies that could cure or tackle some of ARSACS symptoms to ensure a better quality of life for the patients.

O artigo analisa as trajetórias da realização do filme 25 e os caminhos que levaram ao Arquivo Edgard Leuenrouth (AEL), localizado na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), a terem sob seus domínios o vasto acervo documental e imagético da produção. O artigo também aborda as consequências e desafios da escrita da história da África provocados pela incontornável pulverização dos acervos documentais sobre o passado africano existente em arquivos ao redor do globo. Realizado por José Celso Martinez Corrêa e Celso Luccas, ambos do grupo dramatúrgico brasileiro Teatro Oficina, com apoio financeiro português, inglês, belga, francês e moçambicano, o filme é, ao mesmo tempo, um registro da independência de Moçambique, uma imaginação visual anticolonial para o país independente e uma proposta de construção de um futuro pós-colonial global. Pensando o 25 e uma vasta gama de documentos relacionados ao filme a partir da história social, o artigo aborda questões referentes a produção cinematográfica no contexto da independência moçambicana e a escrita da história da África durante e depois da formação das nações no continente. As dificuldades contemporâneas em se ter acesso aos arquivos nos/dos países africanos acarreta a necessidade de uma escrita da história da África pós-colonial que leve em consideração o internacionalismo das dinâmicas da formação das nações no continente. Nesse sentido, o artigo analisa o 25 como uma maneira de debatermos o estudo do passado africano durante e depois das descolonização e os arquivos e o que salvaguardar ou não em seus espaços como uma maneira de produzir uma história da nação.

A presente tese de mestrado consiste na edição crítica e genética de «A Morgada de Romariz», uma das Novelas do Minho, de Camilo Castelo Branco, acompanhada da descrição das fontes textuais e do processo de escrita do autor. Este trabalho é o ponto de partida para uma investigação mais aprofundada, no âmbito de doutoramento. Na primeira parte, detenho-me na descrição do único manuscrito da novela, que, através das suas variantes e emendas, revela o processo de escrita do autor. Descrevo igualmente a primeira edição, apresentando as suas variantes e a sua colação com as do manuscrito. Por fim, apresento os critérios editoriais, seguidos pelas duas edições. Estas constituem a segunda parte da tese. Proponho-me estudar «A Morgada de Romariz» baseada no modelo genético de Castro 20071, no qual a transcrição diplomática é apresentada face a face com a edição crítica da última versão impressa revista pelo autor. Esta edição crítica presume, também, a correcção de erros, com a sua anotação em aparato crítico.

Nesta investigação pesquisaram-se dinâmicas de construção da paternidade em parcerias parentais, a partir do estudo qualitativo de duas realidades familiares distintas: a dos homens que se encontram numa primeira conjugalidade; e a dos homens que, após divórcio ou separação, vivem em regime de guarda conjunta com residência alternada. O principal objectivo foi compreender a transformação e a diversidade social da paternidade na sociedade portuguesa contemporânea, identificando os processos sociais e as lógicas de acção que a tecem nas interacções quotidianas da vida familiar. Para atingir os objectivos propostos, privilegiou-se uma abordagem das dinâmicas internas da paternidade. Através da análise dos sentidos subjectivos, práticas e identidades paternas, procurou-se perceber a relação entre lógicas de relacionamento pai-filhos e lógicas de cooperação parental. Adicionalmente, para aferir a sua autonomia relativa, procurou-se inscrever as dinâmicas de paternidade nos tempos sociais e biográficos dos percursos de vida, das relações sociais de género e dos posicionamentos sociais que as modelam. Verificou-se que os modos de construir a paternidade, na relação com os filhos e na cooperação parental, são vários e complexos, como exemplificam os perfis que identificámos: na conjugalidade encontrámos paternidades conjuntas, de apoio, incentivadas, electivas e autónomas; na residência alternada identificámos paternidades assertivas, reconstruídas, conjuntas e condicionadas. No que diz respeito às dinâmicas internas da paternidade foram essencialmente quatro os eixos de diversificação e mudança identificados. Primeiro, a articulação entre a adesão a uma nova norma de paternidade próxima e a negociação de modelos de partilha parental e conjugal. Segundo, a construção da proximidade paterna pela individualização através de um processo de individualização e de autonomização das interacções pai-filhos. Terceiro, a negociação do lugar do homem no sistema de relações familiares e do papel paterno nas parcerias parentais. Finalmente, a influência dos percursos masculinos na reconstrução da paternidade após a dissolução conjugal: Apesar da importância dos aspectos mais interaccionais na construção da paternidade, o papel dos constrangimentos e oportunidades estruturais não deve ser negligenciado. Assim, a pesquisa contribuiu igualmente para assinalar o efeito modelador das relações de género, dos volumes desiguais de recursos parentais (nomeadamente, tempo, competências, escolaridade, conhecimento acerca das singularidades dos filhos, etc.) e das posições sociais e económicas de cada progenitor.

Background: Active transportation is a crucial sort of physical activity for developing sustainable environments and provides essential health benefits. This is particularly important in Latin American countries because they present the highest burden of non-communicable diseases relative to other worldwide regions. This study aimed to examine the patterns of active transportation and its association with sociodemographic inequities in Latin American countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in eight countries. Participants (n = 8547, 18-65 years) self-reported their active transportation (walking, cycling, and total) using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic level, education level, public and private transport use, and transport mode were used as sociodemographic inequities. Results: Participants spent a total of 19.9, 3.1, and 23.3 min/day with walking, cycling, and total active transportation, respectively. Mixed and other ethnicity (Asian, Indigenous, Gypsy, and other), high socioeconomic level as well as middle and high education level presented higher walking than Caucasian, low socioeconomic and education level. Private transport mode and use of ≥ 6 days/week of private transport showed lower walking than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher walking than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. Men had higher cycling for active transportation than women. Use of ≥ 3 days/week of public transport use presented higher cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport. ≥6 days/week showed lower cycling than ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Men (b: 5.57: 95 %CI: 3.89;7.26), black (3.77: 0.23;7.31), mixed (3.20: 1.39;5.00) and other ethnicity (7.30: 2.55;12.04), had higher total active transportation than women and Caucasian. Private transport mode (-7.03: -11.65;-2.41) and ≥ 6 days/week of private transport use (-4.80: -6.91;-0.31) showed lower total active transportation than public transport mode and ≤ 2 days/week of private transport use. Use of 3-5 (5.10: 1.35;8.85) and ≥ 6 days/week (8.90: 3.07;14.73) of public transport use presented higher total active transportation than ≤ 2 days/week of public transport use. Differences among countries were observed. Conclusions: Sociodemographic inequities are associated differently with active transportation across Latin American countries. Interventions and policies that target the promotion of active policies transportation essential to consider sociodemographic inequities.