Repositório RCAAP

CONTEXT: Chronic hepatitis C as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are recognized as the main cause of liver disease in Western countries. It is common to see the concomitance of the diseases and the influence of steatosis in the sustained virological response of patients with hepatitis C virus. OBJECTIVE: Assess the sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C patients according to the presence of liver steatosis. METHODS: One hundred sixty patients with chronic hepatitis C were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data such as gender, age, body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension, virus genotype and use of pegylated interferon were analyzed, as was the staging of fibrosis and the presence of steatosis at histology. RESULTS: Most patients were male (57.5%), with a mean age of 48 ± 9.7 years. The most frequent genotype observed was 3 (56.9%) and, in the histological evaluation, steatosis was observed in 65% of the patients (104/160). Sustained virological response in patients with steatosis occurred in 38.5%, and in 32.1% in patients without steatosis (P = 0.54). When we analyzed possible factors associated with the presence of steatosis, only body mass index and systemic arterial hypertension revealed a significant association. When the factors that influenced sustained virological response were evaluated in a logistic regression, genotype and use of pegylated interferon proved to be independent factors associated to the response. CONCLUSION: In the evaluated patients the presence of liver steatosis did not influence the sustained virological response of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon and ribavirin.

CONTEXT: Thyroid hormones may interfere with regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as with severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however results are still debated. OBJECTIVES: Retrospective evaluation of clinical and metabolic correlations between hypothyroidism and NAFLD was the target. METHODS: Clinical, biochemical and histological investigation of 103 NAFLD patients exhibiting drug-treated hypothyroidism was conducted. RESULTS: Steatosis was present in 32.0% of the population and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 68.0%. Females were the majority in both groups, with age of 50.0 ± 1.5 and 56.0 ± 1.1 years, respectively. Hypothyroidism was not rare (15.5%), and multivariate analysis confirmed positive correlation with this disease for insulin (r = 0.213, P = 0.03), glucose homeostasis index "HOMA" (r = 0.221, P = 0.02), aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.234, P = 0.01) and triglycerides above 150 mg/dL (r = 0.233, P = 0.01). No association between hypothyroidism and steatohepatitis could be established. CONCLUSION: A link could be identified between hypothyroidism and markers of glucose and lipid homeostasis, but not with severity of NAFLD. The lack of correlation with liver biopsy requires further studies.

CONTEXT: The correct diagnosis and effective treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection are essential in controlling this infection. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of three tests based in endoscopic gastric biopsies histopathological evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, urease rapid test and microbiological culture for detecting Helicobacter pylori active infection, in order to make recommendations for daily clinical practice. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from 115 adult patients (85 female/30 male) were obtained by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and studied by histopathological evaluation with H-E (antrum-corpus), urease test in 2 hours (antrum) and microbiological culture (antrum). RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori active infection was diagnosed in 67% of patients. Helicobacter pylori active infection was detected by histopathological evaluation with H-E, urease test and microbiological culture in 87%, 79% and 70% of the positive cases, respectively. There were significant differences when histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test rapid test when compared with microbiological test (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test (P = 0.7). The kappa index of agreement for histopathological evaluation with H-E/urease test was 0.56, histopathological evaluation with H-E/microbiological culture 0.6, and urease test/microbiological culture 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital setting like the one studied, histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test are the most recommended tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori active infection based in endoscopic biopsies. If pathological information of gastric lesions will be required, histopathological evaluation with H-E is essential. Urease test is mandatory if a prompt diagnosis is necessary. Microbiological culture can be used in cases of persistent or complicated infection, which may require studies on Helicobacter virulence or antimicrobial susceptibility. Selected cases might demand a combination of several tests. The three tests exhibit a good concordance level for Helicobacter pylori active infection diagnosis.

CONTEXT: The swallowing behavior is affected by age and possibly by gender. However, the interaction of the effects of age and gender on swallowing is not completely known. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possibility of interaction of gender and age on human swallowing behavior. METHOD: Swallowing was evaluated in 89 healthy subjects by the water swallowing test, 43 men and 46 women aged 20-40 years (younger, n = 38), 41-60 years (middle-aged, n = 31) and 61-80 years (older, n = 20). Each subject ingested in triplicate 50 mL of water while precisely timed and the number of swallows needed to ingest all the volume was counted. RESULTS: The interval between swallows was shorter and the volume in each swallow was smaller in women compared to men. In older subjects the time to ingest the 50 mL of water was longer, the interval between swallows was longer, and swallowing flow and volume in each swallow were smaller than in younger and middle-aged subjects. The swallowing flow was lower in women compared to men in younger subjects. The volume of each swallow was smaller in women than in men in younger and middle-aged subjects. There was no difference in swallowing flow and volume between older men and older women. CONCLUSION: Age and gender influence swallowing behavior, with the effect of gender being more evident in younger subjects and the effect of age being more evident in men.

CONTEXT: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains have been associated with persistent diarrhea in several developing countries. In vivo procedures with animal models, in vitro assays with cellular lines and in vitro organ culture with intestinal fragments have been utilized to study these bacteria and their pathogenicity. OBJECTIVE: The present experimental research assessed the pathogenic interactions of three enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains, using the in vitro organ culture, in order to show the adherence to different regions of both, the ileal and the colonic mucosa and demonstrate possible mechanisms that could have the participation in the prolongation of diarrheiogenic process. METHODS: This study used intestinal fragments from terminal ileum and colon that were excised from pediatric patients undergoing intestinal surgeries and from adult patients that underwent to colonoscopic procedures. Each strain was tested with three intestinal fragments for each region. Tissue was fixed for scanning electron microscopic analysis. RESULTS: These bacteria colonized ileal and colonic mucosa in the typical stacked-brick configuration in the ileum and colon. In both regions, the strains were seen over a great amount of mucus and sometimes over the intact epithelium. In some regions, there is a probable evidence of effacement of the microvilli. It was possible to see adhered to the intestinal surface, bacteria fimbrial structures that could be responsible for the adherence process. CONCLUSION: In order to cause diarrhea, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains adhere to the intestinal mucosa, create a mucoid biofilm on the small bowel surface that could justify the digestive-absorptive abnormalities and consequently, prolonging the diarrhea.

CONTEXT: The inflammatory response itself and the consequent oxidative stress are able to promote neurodegeneration. So, it is possible that enteric nervous system is affected by inflammatory diseases threatening quality of life of patients. However, gastrointestinal symptoms of arthritis are usually attributed to anti-inflammatory drugs rather than neural damage. OBJECTIVE: To confirm if the general population of myenteric neurons from the ileum and jejunum of rats is affected by arthritis. METHODS: Twenty Holtzmann rats, 58-day-old male, were used and divided in four groups: control group (C30), arthritic group (Art30), older control group (C60) and older arthritic group (Art60). At 58 days old, the animals in groups Art30 and Art60 received an injection of the complete Freund's adjuvant in order to induce arthritis. The whole-mount preparations of ileum and jejunum were processed for myosin-V immunohistochemistry. Quantitative and morphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS: Groups Art30 and Art60 presented, respectively, a reduction of 2% and 6% in intestinal area when compared to their control groups. No significant differences were observed in general neuronal density among the four groups (P&gt;0.05). Group C60 presented a reduction of 14.4% and 10.9% in mean neuronal cell body area when compared to group C30 (P<0.05), for the ileum and jejunum, respectively. The other groups had a similar mean neuronal cell body area (P&gt;0.05). CONCLUSION: Arthritis does not promote quantitative or morphological damages in general myenteric population. However, studies in progress have revealed some significant alterations in myenteric neurons subpopulations (nitrergic and VIP-ergic neurons).

CONTEXT: Portal hypertension is a complication secondary to cirrhosis that is characterized by increased blood flow and/or vascular resistance in the portal system, causing the appearance of a hyperdynamic collateral circulation. Partial portal vein ligation is an experimental model used in rats to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in pre-hepatic portal hypertension. Estrogen E2 is an antioxidant molecule with various physiological actions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of endogenous estrogen in an experimental model of partial portal vein ligation by comparing intact with castrated rats. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats, weighing on average 250 g were used and divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO); intact (I) with partial portal vein ligation (I + PPVL), castrated (C) and castrated with partial ligation of the vein (C + PPVL). Day 1: castration or sham-operation; day 7, PPVL surgery; on day 15 post-PPVL, portal pressure in the mesenteric vein of rats was measured on polygraph Letica. Lipid peroxidation in the stomach was assessed using the technique of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA - Student-Newman-Keuls (mean ± SE), and P<0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Portal pressure was significantly increased in C + PPVL as compared to the other groups. There was no significant difference in the group of intact rats. TBARS showed significant damage in C and C + PPVL in relation to others. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased in the castrated rats with subsequent PPVL as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that estrogen E2 plays a protective role in intact compared with castrated rats because it presents hydrophenolic radicals in its molecule, thus acting as an antioxidant in this experimental model.

CONTEXT: Hepatectomy is the treatment of choice for colorectal liver metastases, and several studies have shown good results, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 40% to 57%. Several clinical and pathological predictive factors for survival after liver resection have been studied. Involvement of the hepatic hilum lymph nodes, the incidence of which varies from 2% to 10%, indicates a poor long-term prognosis. RESULTS: Despite variable results, some authors have reported a not-insignificant improvement in survival rate in liver-metastasis patients with hilar lymph node involvement who undergo combined liver resection and lymphadenectomy. Due to the low rates of morbidity and mortality for liver-resection surgery, several specialized centers perform liver resections combined with lymphadenectomies in selected cases. It should be noted that the therapeutic value of systemic lymphadenectomy is not yet entirely understood, and only controlled studies comparing groups with and without lymphadenectomy can fully resolve the issue. CONCLUSION: In any case, hilar lymph node dissection has been shown to be a useful tool for improving the accuracy of extra hepatic disease staging, regardless of its impact on survival.

Capsule endoscopy is a diagnostic method of increasing use nowadays, with various applications such as, evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhea and anemia. The experience of 4 years is reported in a retrospective review of 109 medical records to determine the main indications and the most common diagnostic findings and the percentage of positive studies. The main indications were obscure bleeding in 65%, chronic anemia in 8%. Vascular lesions in 33%, being that, hematocistic spot was found in 53% of studies. The location of active bleeding was possible in five patients (4.5%). Capsule endoscopy shows a high diagnostic yield in obscure bleeding.

CONTEXT: Intestinal parasites induce detectable histopathological changes, which have been studied in groups with known diagnosis of parasitic disease. There is no available study with a larger base without previous diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and histopathological findings of parasitosis diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy in patients submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. METHODS: Recorded biopsies archive at "Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgar Santos" , a general teaching Hospital in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, from January 1995 to January 2009, were reviewed. One thousand ten duodenal biopsy reports were found. Reports positive for parasites had their specimens reviewed and photographed. All blocks of biopsy selected as case were retrieved and reviewed by an experienced pathologist. Clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic data were collected. RESULTS: Eleven biopsies showed parasites, including cases of Cryptosporidium sp. and Strongyloides stercoralis. Vomiting (91%), abdominal pain (78%), diarrhea (78%) and weight loss (78%) were usual symptoms. Seventy-five percent had duodenal mucosa changes on endoscopy, while 25% have no changes. Anemia and low serum albumin were important laboratorial data. HIV infection association was observed. Villus atrophy and reactive epithelium were usual in Strongyloides cases. CONCLUSIONS: No endoscopic or histopathologic finding was pathognomonic. One percent of duodenal endoscopic biopsies showed parasites.

ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cva C. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these resistant strains are of interest to public health.

RESUMO: O desenvolvimento de pesticidas é uma constante no setor agropecuário, visando oferecer produtos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e novos princípios ativos, evitando o aparecimento de resistência. O estudo de alternativas aos fungicidas utilizados no tratamento de sementes tem nos óleos essenciais um campo para prospecção. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos dos óleos essenciais provenientes de folhas de C. citriodora e E. camaldulensis , em sementes de milho da variedade AL Bandeirante, de diferentes localidades. A qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes foi avaliada quando se trataram as amostras utilizando os óleos individualmente, a mistura equitativa desses óleos e o tratamento com um antifúngico comercial. Foi observado que o tratamento com os óleos C. citriodora e E. camaldulensis e a mistura dos óleos não afetou a germinação imediata das sementes de Avaré. No lote de Bernardino de Campos, o tratamento com C. citriodora foi prejudicial; com o E. camualdulensis , apesar de não diferenciar estatisticamente dos demais, diminuiu a germinação, o que impediria sua utilização como semente, segundo o padrão normatizado (de 85%) pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). O óleo de E. camaldulensis apresentou efeito fitotóxico, diminuindo o comprimento das plântulas; a acetona utilizada como solvente não influenciou sobre a germinação, mas apresentou efeito fitotóxico após o envelhecimento acelerado. A aplicação dos óleos isoladamente foi capaz de diminuir a incidência dos fungos dos gêneros Penicillium e Fusarium , mas para Aspergillus o comportamento foi semelhante ao antifúngico comercial, não apresentando efeito quando comparado ao tratamento testemunha.

RESUMO: Foram avaliados o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS) no controle do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), vírus que induz o endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro (EFM), e a sua influência na expressão dos sintomas e na ativação das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. O experimento foi delineado e conduzido de forma inteiramente casualizada. Os tratamentos consistiram em AS (2,5 mM) e controle (etanol 10%), aplicados 12 horas antes da inoculação mecânica do CABMV, agente causal do EFM no Brasil. Um experimento similar foi conduzido sob as mesmas condições, porém, quatro aplicações do AS foram realizadas semanalmente após a inoculação mecânica do CABMV. Em ambos os experimentos a avaliação da severidade da doença foi realizada empregando escala de notas que variaram de 0 a 3. Para avaliar a atividade das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase, as plantas foram tratadas (AS e controle) e, após 12 horas, inoculadas com o isolado de CABMV. Foram realizadas amostragens foliares 0, 12, 24 e 48 horas após os tratamentos (HAT), que foram processadas e analisadas em espectrofotômetro para a constatação da ativação da peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. Aos 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI), o AS aplicado uma única vez promoveu redução da severidade de 57,1%, quando comparado com o controle. Nas plantas submetidas às aplicações semanais de AS foi constatada a redução significativa da expressão dos sintomas aos 45 DAI. Nos ensaios bioquímicos foi observado aumento significativo de peroxidase nos intervalos de 12 horas (DAI)/24 horas (HAT). Para polifenoloxidase foi observado um aumento significativo de sua atividade nos intervalos de 24 horas (DAI)/48 horas (HAT). Sugere-se que o AS pode representar uma ferramenta adicional no manejo do EFM.

RESUMO: Origanum vulgare (orégano) tem sido reconhecido como uma espécie vegetal que possui várias propriedades terapêuticas, de modo que atualmente seu potencial antimicrobiano vem recebendo um grande interesse científico. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a ação antimicrobiana (bactericida e bacteriostática) do óleo essencial comercial de O. vulgare sobre cepas de Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus , bactérias envolvidas em toxinfecções alimentares. Foram utilizadas cepas padrão (American Type Culture Collection - ATCC) e clínicas e estas foram submetidas à ação do óleo essencial em diferentes concentrações, por meio das técnicas de microdiluição (para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima - CIM) e de macrodiluição (para determinação da concentração bactericida mínima - CBM). Foi possível observar que houve variação do potencial antimicrobiano do óleo essencial entre as cepas utilizadas. Para E. coli ATCC 25922, a CIM foi de 6,25 µL/ mL e a CBM de 12,5 µL/mL, enquanto para a amostra clínica os valores foram 12,5 e 25 µL/mL, respectivamente. Já para S. aureus ATCC 25923, a CIM e a CBM foram de 12,5 µL/ mL, enquanto para a amostra clínica os valores foram 6,25 e 25 µL/mL, respectivamente. Portanto, esse óleo essencial de O. vulgare mostrou poder de inibição do crescimento e viabilidade das cepas ensaiadas. No entanto, novos estudos são necessários para que sejam determinadas as concentrações ideais do orégano como antimicrobiano natural, levando em consideração os fatores que influenciam sua composição e a quantidade e qualidade dos compostos ativos.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the use of immersion water from peach palm leaves (PPLDA) as a component of the culture medium for the maintenance of Pleurotus spp. and the use of agricultural waste, peach palm leaves, as inoculum support for the fungi. The performance of the inoculum based on peach palm leaves (PPL) for the production of Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies was compared with that using wheat grains (WG) as inoculum support. PPLDA culture medium (immersion water of peach palm leaves, dextrose, and agar) showed a lower radial velocity of mycelial growth for both fungi than that obtained with the culture medium WDA (wheat extract, dextrose and agar), commonly used as maintenance medium for Pleurotus spp. However, the type of inoculum support does not significantly influence the linear velocity of P. ostreatus mycelial growth, reaching 6.71 mm/day on wheat grains and 6.18 mm/day on peach palm leaves. Thus, when the inoculum based on peach palm leaves is utilized, the immersion water used for preparing this support can be used for preparing the PPLDA maintenance culture medium, diminishing the production costs of Pleurotus mushrooms. Data also showed that when Pleurotus sajor-caju was cultivated on peach palm leaves, using PPL as inoculum support, the fruiting bodies production parameters (Y = 47%, BE = 3% and Pr = 0.2 g/day) did not differ from that obtained using WG.

RESUMO: O feijão-fava é uma importante fonte de proteínas e renda para muitas famílias do Nordeste do Brasil. O gorgulho Zabrotes subfasciatus é uma das principais pragas de feijão-fava armazenado, causando prejuízos quantitativos e qualitativos. A resistência genética é uma das formas mais promissoras para o controle de pragas. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar e caracterizar os tipos e os níveis de resistência genética de oito acessos de feijão-fava ao ataque de Z. subfasciatus . Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratório com temperatura e luminosidade controladas, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando os acessos UFPI 230, UFPI 264, UFPI 271, UFPI 515, UFPI 468, UFPI 220, UFPI 280 e UFPI 134 como tratamentos. Foram realizados dois testes: sem chance de escolha e com livre chance de escolha. Houve diferenças significativas para número de ovos, insetos emergidos e mortalidade larval/pupal no teste com livre escolha por meio dos testes F e de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os índices de atratividade e de preferência para oviposição revelaram que existem diferentes níveis de resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição. Todos os acessos apresentaram um nível baixo de antibiose. Os acessos UFPI 220, UFPI 468, UFPI 264, UFPI 134 e UFPI 230 apresentaram resistência por antixenose quando comparados com UFPI 515. O acesso UFPI 515 foi o mais suscetível.

RESUMO: Neste trabalho foram determinados os níveis de ácido fólico e de fumonisina B1 (FB1) em farinha de milho consumida por 24 voluntários residentes em um campus universitário no estado de São Paulo, bem como sua relação com as concentrações de ácido fólico sérico nos indivíduos. As análises de ácido fólico e de FB1 em farinha de milho foram realizadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), enquanto a determinação de ácido fólico sérico foi feita por kit de imunoensaio. Detectou-se a FB1 em 100% das amostras de farinha de milho, em níveis que variaram de 142 a 3.037 µg kg-1 (média: 738 ± 591 µg kg-1). As concentrações de ácido fólico nas amostras de farinha de milho ficaram entre < 0,3 µg kg-1 (limite de quantificação) e 1.705 µg kg-1, com média de 713 ± 435 µg kg-1, o que representa 47% do limite mínimo exigido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) para farinhas de milho comercialmente disponíveis. Nas amostras de soro humano, os níveis de ácido fólico variaram de 6,7 a 24,0 ng mL-1 (média: 13,4 ± 5,4 ng mL-1). Não houve correlação (p < 0,05) entre os níveis de ácido fólico no soro dos indivíduos e as concentrações de FB1 ou ácido fólico nas amostras de farinha de milho. Outros estudos são necessários para estimar a ingestão total de FB1 por meio da dieta para averiguar os efeitos das fumonisinas sobre a absorção de ácido fólico nos indivíduos avaliados.

RESUMO: O cogumelo-do-sol (Agaricus blazei Murril) é amplamente consumido, por conta de suas propriedades medicinais. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana in vitro dos extratos de cogumelo do sol, mediante diferentes tempos e temperaturas de extração. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à composição centesimal, determinação do teor de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana in vitro. Os resultados demonstram que esse tipo de cogumelo aparece como um agente antioxidante potencial, obtendo-se melhores resultados na temperatura de 70ºC durante 60 minutos de extração hidroetanólica. Esse extrato não aponta atividade antibacteriana para os micro-organismos em teste.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica do controle químico de Phakopsora pachyrhizi em plantas de soja submetidas a diferentes regimes hídricos. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Phytus, no município de Itaara, região central do Rio Grande do Sul, na safra 2012/2013. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial (2x6). O fator A foi composto por dois regimes hídricos: 1) déficit hídrico (50-60% da capacidade de campo); 2) sem déficit hídrico (90-100% da capacidade de campo). O fator B consistiu em quatro intervalos de tempo entre a aplicação de fungicidas e a simulação de chuva (0, 30, 60 e 120 min), uma testemunha com aplicação sem chuva e mais uma testemunha sem aplicação de fungicida. Na aplicação foram utilizados os ingredientes ativos trifloxistrobina + protioconazol (60,0 + 70,0 g i.a.ha-1) com adição de Aureo(r) na dose de 0,375 L.p.c ha-1. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o tempo decorrido entre a aplicação e o surgimento da primeira pústula de ferrugem asiática, a severidade da doença, a produtividade e a massa de grãos. Verificou-se que a aplicação de fungicida em plantas sob déficit hídrico proporciona o maior número de dias para o aparecimento da primeira pústula. A simulação de chuva tem grande efeito na remoção de fungicidas independentemente do regime hídrico. O controle de P. pachyrhizi em plantas sob déficit hídrico foi eficaz, resultando em incrementos de produtividade.

RESUMO: A cochonilha-da-roseta, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), constitui um problema fitossanitário na cultura do café. O controle mais usual dessa praga é o químico, o que pode acarretar, além de problemas socioambientais, a seleção de indivíduos resistentes. Com isso, torna-se necessário o controle alternativo. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar, em condições de laboratório, o potencial inseticida de diferentes partes da planta de Jatropha curcas , em variadas concentrações, sobre P. citri . Discos de folhas de café conilon com 10 cochonilhas (ninfas e adultos) foram pulverizados direta e indiretamente com auxílio da torre de Potter, com pressão de 15 Lb/pol2, aplicando 6 mL de solução por repetição. Testaram-se sete concentrações do óleo e de extratos, tanto na aplicação direta quanto na indireta, com 10 repetições por tratamento, sendo avaliada a mortalidade em função do tempo. Todas as estruturas de pinhão-manso, em ambas as vias de aplicação, apresentaram índices de mortalidade satisfatórios de P. citri , alcançando 91,6% de mortalidade nas concentrações de 1,5, 2,0 e 3,0% do óleo na aplicação direta.