Repositório RCAAP

Como parte essencial do melhoramento do cultivar Guarini de Coffea canephorae de plantas pertencentes aos cultivares Bangelan e Uganda de C. congensis,procurou-se determinar as combinações compatíveis através de cruzamentos entre essas espécies e dentro das espécies, utilizando pólen de plantas individuais ou mistura de pólens. Os cruzamentos foram realizados em 1971, avaliando-se as porcentagens de pegamento dos frutos em 1972. De um modo geral os dados mostram porcentagem baixa de frutificação. Verificou-se para o Guarini, que a compatibilidade mais generalizada ocorreu com a mistura de pólen do Robusta, do Laurentii e das introduções 1028, 1029 e 1031. Entre as plantas desse cultivar, verificou-se pegamento apenas entre os cafeeiros G 1 com G 11 e G 12, G 6 com G 11, G 12 e G 14, G 10 com G 11 e G 10 com G 12; as demais combinações são provavelmente incompatíveis. Para o C. congensisos dados indicam que o Bangelan mostrou melhor compatibilidade com a mistura de pólen do Uganda. Tanto o Uganda como o Bangelan deram bom pegamento quando cruzados com o cultivar Chalotti dessa espécie (1028), indicando que devem ter alelos diferentes de incompatibilidade. Os híbridos obtidos servirão para aumentar o restrito reservatório gênico disponível dessas espécies em Campinas.

Neste trabalho se descreve o levantamento de solos, ao nível de série, efetuado na Estação Experimental de Limeira, SP. A área em apreço, com 198 ha, localiza-se na porção setentrional da sub-região natural do Rio Tietê. O relevo regional se apresenta como suave ondulado; o clima se enquadra no tipo Cwa de Kõppen; o material orginal é proveniente do retrabalhamento de argilitos e diabásio; a vegetação primitiva era predominantemente a mata latifoliada tropical. Foram observados 226 pontos, em 81 dos quais foram coletados materiais para análises granulométricas e químicas (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Al3+ e pH) . Foram estabelecidas as seguintes unidades de solos: Limeira, com as fases muito ácida e ácida para ligeiramente ácida; Goiabeira (ambas pertencentes ao grande grupo Latossolo Vermelho Escuro orto); Transição Latossolo Vermelho Escuro - Terra Roxa Estruturada e Transição Terra Roxa Estruturada - Latossolo Vermelho Escuro (ambas pertencentes a «intergrades» entre Latossolo Vermelho Escuro orto e Terra Roxa Estruturada); Boneca e Represa (pertencentes ao grande grupo Terra Roxa Estruturada). Foram ainda estabelecidos quatro complexos indiscriminados.

Retomando os resultados analíticos referentes às análises químicas de 122 amostras resultantes de 61 pontos de amostragem, coletadas para o levantamento de solos da Estação Experimental de Limeira, os autores apresentam, para as unidades Goiabeira, Limeira, Transição, Boneca e Represa, as freqüências relativas de distribuição das várias características analisadas: Ca2+, Mg2+, Ca2+/Mg2+. K+, Al3+, S (soma de bases), T (capacidade de troca de cations), V% (saturação em bases) e pH em água, na camada superficial e a 50 cm de profundidade. Para melhor visualização e síntese dos dados, foram organizados vários quadros, nos quais são apresentadas as distribuições porcentuais dos pontos analisados, bem como os teores máximos e mínimos encontrados, para cada uma das características químicas. Tais porcentagens são referidas a níveis arbitrários. O estudo mostra que a delimitação de uma população de indivíduos-solo, baseada exclusivamente em características morfológicas, mesmo ao nível de série, produz separações de unidades com variações mais ou menos amplas das características químicas, não obstante as unidades apresentarem certa homogeneidade. Os dados apresentados permitem, ainda, acreditar que o estabelecimento de uma pesquisa agronômica, na qual se procure tirar inferências do comportamento de plantas, com respeito a variados tratamentos intimamente dependentes de características intrínsecas do solo. não pode chegar a bom termo, a menos que uma metodologia estatística bem aplicada, aliada a um levantamento criterioso e detalhado de solo, absorva os possíveis resultados estranhos, resultantes da variação, por vezes acentuada, de características apresentadas pelo solo.

Foi empregada a análise mineralógica quantitativa no estudo das frações argila fina e argila grossa de quatro perfis de solos. Dois perfis são originados de um siltito da formação Corumbataí, e foram coletados numa mesma encosta. O primeiro deles, um Litossolo fase folhelho-argilito (TP-12), se encontra num estádio de intemperização inferior ao Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo variação Piracicaba (TP-13), indicado pelo seu menor conteúdo de caulinita (31,5% na fração argila grossa do B2) em relação ao perfil TP-13 (52% no B22t). Esse resultado é confirmado pelo valor do intemperismo médio do TP-12, que é inferior ao do TP-13. Fazendo parte da mesma toposseqüência. numa posição mais elevada, encontra-se um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro orto (TP-17), proveniente de um material de origem não identificado, que contém contribuição de rochas básicas, revelado pelo teor de 14% de Fe2O3. Esse latossolo apresentou como componente principal da fração argila grossa a caulinita (74,5%), seguindo-se a alofana (14,0%), gibbsita (3,7%), mica (2,9%) e vermiculita (0,3%). Esses valores representam a média do perfil. As partes mais altas da bacia são ocupadas por um Latossolo Roxo, cujo perfil TP-18 apresentou a caulinita como principal componente (70,0%) da fração argila grossa, seguindo-se-lhe a alofana (20,0%), a gibbsita (9,2%), a mica (0,9%) e a vermiculita (0,6%). Tendo tomado o teor de gibbsita, ou o valor do Ki, como índice de intemperismo, verificou-se que esse latossolo é menos intemperizado do que um perfil de Latossolo Roxo de Campinas, situado também na depressão periférica. O mesmo acontece em relação a 10 perfis de Latossolo Roxo do planalto ocidental de São Paulo.

Foram realizados estudos (granulométrico, químico e taxonômico) de quatro perfis de solos localizados na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Tijuco Preto, município de Rio das Pedras, SP. Os quatro perfis foram classificados segundo o sistema americano de 1967, enquanto apenas dois foram classificados, com segurança, nas unidades de mapeamento definidas pela Comissão de Solos do Serviço Nacional de Pesquisas Agronômicas. Nesse estudo não se procurou examinar os critérios nos quais está baseada a classificação americana, mas tão somente verificar a sua aplicabilidade em alguns solos do Estado de São Paulo.

São apresentados os resultados do estudo do desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de arroz das variedades Iguape Agulha e IAC-435, em dois métodos de plantio, em solos das séries Barro de Telha e Coruputuba, do Vale do Paraíba, SP. Em solo da Série Barro de Telha, nos métodos de plantio considerados - semeação direta e transplantio de mudas - as raízes da var. Iguape Agulha atingiram 55 cm de profundidade, em ambos os casos localizando-se 86% do total na camada superficial de 15 cm do solo. Na Série Coruputuba, as raízes das plantas da var. IAC-435 atingiram 75 cm de profundidade, em ambos os sistemas de plantio, sendo que no de semeação direta 86% das raízes concentraram-se nos 15 primeiros cm do solo, e no do transplantio das mudas, 81%.

São apresentados os resultados de experiência realizada em 1969, no Centro Experimental de Campinas, em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, série Barão, sobre o efeito da cobertura do solo na produção de morangueiro (Fragaria híbridos). Estudaram-se a produção total do ano, de junho a dezembro, e a parcial dos primeiros meses de colheita, junho a julho, quando é maior o valor do produto. A variedade utilizada foi a Campinas IAC-2712, a mais cultivada no Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento do ensaio foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. As coberturas do solo foram as seguintes: plástico preto, com 0,0762 mm de espessura, e cobertura morta, da qual experimentaram-se as seguintes: casca de arroz, restos de plantas de arroz picados, capim-favorito (Rhynchelitrum roseum) picado e seco, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar picado, restos de madeira de marcenaria picados. Foram estudados mais dois tratamentos, sem cobertura do solo: a) com escarificação do solo até cerca de dois centímetros de profundidade, cada 14 dias, para facilitar a penetração de água de irrigação; b) sem escarificação do solo. A cobertura do solo aumentou sensivelmente a produção total, além de evitar que os frutos se sujassem de terra. Considerando a produção total, os tratamentos com cobertura morta não diferiram entre si; o tratamento com plástico preto e aquele sem cobertura do solo, porém escarificado cada 14 dias, não diferiram entre si, mas foram inferiores a todos os outros tipos de cobertura morta (Tukey 5%). O tratamento com plástico preto foi superior somente ao tratamento sem cobertura do solo e sem escarificação (Tukey 5%). Quanto à produção parcial, precoce, os tratamentos com qualquer tipo de cobertura do solo não diferiram entre si, mas essa diferença foi altamente significativa sobre os tratamentos sem cobertura do solo (Tukey 1%) .

As cargas elétricas dos solos estudados variaram em função da concentração da solução, do pH e da valência dos íons trocáveis. Optou-se pela determinação das cargas em condições de equilíbrio relativamente a pH e concentração da solução, omitindo-se uma lavagem total do excesso de solução salina. Cargas positivas e negativas variaram com o sal empregado, para amostras do horizonte B2 de um Latossolo Roxo e de uma Terra Roxa Estruturada, aumentando na ordem NaCl<CaCl2<MgS0(4), para determinados valores de concentração e pH.

São apresentados os resultados do estudo do desenvolvimento do sistema radicular do morangueiro (Fragaria híbridos), variedade Campinas IAC-2712, com 105 e 201 dias de plantio das mudas, em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo série Barão, do município de Campinas. O morangueiro apresentou, a 5 cm de profundidade do solo, 73% e 90% em peso de suas raízes, respectivamente nas idades de 105 e 201 dias. A profundidade máxima atingida pelas raízes nas duas idades estudadas foi de 55 cm.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is often delayed because of the lack of an ability to recognize its major clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to describe the onset of clinical manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. Investigators obtained data from interviews and the medical records of inflammatory bowel disease patients from a reference centre located in Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 306 patients were included. The mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 28 months for Crohn’s disease and 19 months for ulcerative colitis. The main clinical manifestations in Crohn’s disease patients were weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and asthenia. The most relevant symptoms in ulcerative colitis patients were blood in the stool, faecal urgency, diarrhoea, mucus in the stool, weight loss, abdominal pain and asthenia. It was observed that weight loss, abdominal pain and distension, asthenia, appetite loss, anaemia, insomnia, fever, nausea, perianal disease, extraintestinal manifestation, oral thrush, vomiting and abdominal mass were more frequent in Crohn’s patients than in ulcerative colitis patients. The frequencies of urgency, faecal incontinence, faeces with mucus and blood, tenesmus and constipation were higher in ulcerative colitis patients than in Crohn’s disease patients. The mean time from the onset of clinical symptoms to the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was 37 months for patients with ileocolonic location, 26 months for patients with ileum location and 18 months for patients with colon location. In ulcerative colitis patients, the mean time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 52 months for proctitis, 12 months for left-sided colitis and 12 months for extensive colitis. CONCLUSION: Ulcerative colitis presented a high frequency of intestinal symptoms, and Crohn’s disease showed a high frequency of systemic manifestations at the onset of manifestation. There was a long delay in diagnosis, but individuals with more extensive disease and more obvious symptoms showed a shorter delay.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Endoscopic antireflux treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are still evolving, and most of the published studies address symptom relief in the short-term. Objective - We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on evaluating the efficacy of the different endoscopic procedures. METHODS: Search was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on MedLine, Cochrane, SciELO, and EMBASE for patients with chronic GERD (>6 months), over 18 years old and available follow up of at least 3 months. The main outcome was to evaluate the efficacy of the different endoscopic treatments compared to sham, pharmacological or surgical treatment. Efficacy was measured by different subjective and objective outcomes. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 16 RCT, totaling 1085 patients. The efficacy of endoscopic treatments compared to sham and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment showed a significant difference up to 6 months in favor of endoscopy with no heterogeneity (P<0.00001) (I2: 0%). The subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference up to 6 months in favor of endoscopy: endoscopy vs PPI (P<0.00001) (I2: 39%). Endoscopy vs sham (P<0.00001) (I2: 0%). Most subjective and objective outcomes were statistically significant in favor of endoscopy up to 6 and 12 months follow up. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows a good short-term efficacy in favor of endoscopic procedures when comparing them to a sham and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Data on long-term follow up is lacking and this should be explored in future studies.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association of promoter region polymorphisms of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene with colorectal cancer (CRC), while the conclusion is still conflicting and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the association of promoter region polymorphisms of IL-10 with CRC. METHODS: Eligible articles were identified by a search of several bibliographic databases for the period up to March 15, 2018. The strength of the association was measured by odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 28 case-control studies with 5,647 CRC cases and 6,908 controls were selected, including 14 studies for IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism (2,702 cases and 3,649 controls), eleven studies for -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphism (3,259 cases and 4,992 controls), and three studies for -819T>C (rs1800871) polymorphism (477 cases and 544 controls). By pooling all eligible studies, we found that the IL-10 -1082A>G and -592C>A polymorphisms were not associated with increased CRC risk in overall population. However, there was significant associations between the IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism and CRC susceptibility under the allele model (A vs G: OR=1.278, 95% CI 1.043-1.566, P=0.018) and the recessive model (AA vs AG+GG: OR=1.709, 95% CI 1.026-2.845, P=0.039). CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis we found that IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism was associated with significantly increased risk of CRC; while the IL-10 -1082A>G and -592C>A polymorphisms were not associated with CRC risk. The IL-10 -819T>C polymorphism may be important as suspected predictive factor of CRC occurrence.

ABSTRACT The disease and the case reported here are relevant especially because of their varied clinical presentation, possibility of being associated with other disorders affecting several organs and possible differential diagnoses. Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease due to mutation in the PKHD1 gene, which encodes the fibrocystin/polyductine protein. It is a cholangiopathy, characterized by varying degrees of periportal fibrosis and irregular proliferation of bile ducts. Affected patients are typically diagnosed in childhood, but in some cases the disease may remain asymptomatic for many years. The exact prevalence and incidence of the disease are not known, but it is consider a rare disease, with a few hundred cases described worldwide. It can affect all ethnic groups and occur associated with various hereditary and non-hereditary disorders. The clinical presentation is quite variable, with melena and hematemesis being initial symptoms in 30%-70% of the cases. More rarely, they may present episodes of cholangitis. The disease has been classified into four types: portal hypertension, cholestasis / cholangitis, mixed and latent. Diagnosis begins with imaging tests, but the definition is made by the histopathological sample. So far, there is no specific therapy that can stop or reverse the pathological process. Currently, the therapeutic strategy is to treat the complications of the disease.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Infection by hepatitis C virus is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis C and cause severe burden for patients, families and the health care system. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research were to assess the severity of liver fibrosis, comorbidities and complications of hepatitis C virus; to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity loss and resource use and costs in a sample of Brazilian chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1, patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study performed in genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients to assess disease burden in the Brazilian public health care system between November 2014 and March 2015. Patients were submitted to a liver transient elastography (FibroScan) to assess liver fibrosis and answered an interview composed by a questionnaire specifically developed for the study and three standardized questionnaires: EQ-5D-3L, HCV-PRO and WPAI:HepC. RESULTS: There were 313 subjects enrolled, with predominance of women (50.8%), caucasian/white (55.9%) and employed individuals (39.9%). Mean age was 56 (SD=10.4) years old. Moreover, 42.8% of patients who underwent FibroScan were cirrhotic; the most frequent comorbidity was cardiovascular disease (62.6%) and the most frequent complication was esophageal varices (54.5%). The results also showed that “pain and discomfort” was the most affected HRQoL dimension (55.0% of patients reported some problems) and that the mean HCV-PRO overall score was 69.1 (SD=24.2). Regarding productivity loss, the most affected WPAI:HepC component was daily activity (23.5%) and among employed patients, presenteeism was more frequent than absenteeism (18.5% vs 6.5%). The direct medical costs in this chronic hepatitis C sample was 12,305.72USD per patient in the 2 years study period; drug treatment costs represented 95.9% of this total. CONCLUSION: This study showed that most patients are cirrhotic, present high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and esophageal varices, reduced HRQoL mainly in terms of pain/discomfort, and work productivity impairment, especially presenteeism. Additionally, we demonstrated that hepatitis C virus imposes an economic burden on Brazilian Health Care System and that most of this cost is due to drug treatment.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal varices and associated bleeding are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential role of the biomarkers HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) as predictors of infection, acute kidney injury and mortality in these patients. METHODS: It is a prospective, observational study that included 32 cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. RESULTS: The subjects’mean age was 52±5 years and 20 (62.5%) were male. The average MELD was 17.53±5 and the average MELD-Na was 20.63±6.06. Thirty patients (93.3%) patients were Child-Pugh class B or C. Infection was present in 9 subjects (28.1%), acute kidney injury was present in 6 (18.1%) and 4 (12.5%) patients died. The median serum levels of HMGB1 were 1487 pg/mL (0.1 to 8593.1) and the median serum level of IL-6 was 62.1 pg/mL (0.1 to 1102.4). The serum levels of HMGB1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients who developed infection, acute kidney injury and death (P<0.05). The Spearman’s correlations for HMGB1 and IL-6 were 0.794 and 0.374 for infection, 0.53 and 0.374 for acute kidney injury and 0.467 and 0.404 for death, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum levels of HMGB1 and IL-6 were higher in patients with the three studied outcomes. HMGB1 serum levels showed a high correlation with infection and a moderate correlation with acute kidney injury and death, while IL-6 showed a moderate correlation with infection and death and a low correlation with acute kidney injury.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The infection for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality through its evolution to liver cirrhosis, end-stage liver complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the new drugs for the HCV infection, based on direct antiviral agents, have changed the outcomes in this setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess death incidence, during the wait for the treatment with the new drugs, and to analyze which independent variable (age, sex, ascite, HDA, albumin, α-fetoprotein, platelets and Meld score) had relation with death. METHODS: Prospective study with cirrhotic patients by HCV. Inclusion: cirrhotic patients by hepatic biopsy (METAVIR), clinic or image, detectable RNA (HCV). Exclusion: Other stages of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Descriptive statistic in continue variables. Fisher Exact and Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression Analysis to assess the association of variables studied with death. P<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 129 patients were included. Of this, 73% were men. Mean age was 57.8±12.1, albumin of 3.5±0.6 mg/dL, platelets of 123.4±59.6 and Meld score of 10.59±3.56. The time of observation was 11.2±3.26 months, and the number of death 9/129 (6,9%). The Kaplan-Meier showed association between death with albumin lower than 2.9 (0.0006), MELD score higher than 15 (0.007) and α-fetoprotein higher than 40 ng/mL (<0.0001). Adjusted Cox Regression Analysis showed that α-fetoprotein higher than 40 ng/ml could be considered an independent risk for death. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, patients with advanced cirrhosis should be prioritized for treatment with direct antiviral agents.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Up to 15% of other immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) can occur in patients with CD throughout their lives and are associated with multiple factors, including sex and sex hormone levels. Moreover, sex is associated with differences in clinical presentation, onset, progression, and outcomes of disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of IMDs at diagnosis in patients with celiac disease (CD) and their first-degree relatives and to compare the findings between female and male patients of different age. METHODS: A retrospective study including Brazilian patients with CD who visited the same doctor during January 2012 to January 2017 was performed. Demographic and medical history data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and medical charts of the patients. In total, 213 patients were examined at diagnosis: 52 males (mean age, 40.0 years) and 161 females (mean age, 41.4 years). The patients were divided into two groups according to sex and age. RESULTS: IMDs were observed in 60.2% of the female (97/161) and 42.3% of the male patients (22/52; P=0.22). However, the frequency of IMDs was significantly higher in females aged 51-60 years than in males with same age (P=0.0002). Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was significantly more prevalent in males (P=0.02), whereas atopy was more prevalent in females (P=0.02). IMDs observed in first-degree relatives were similar to those observed in patients (70.9%; P<0.001), with a higher number observed in female relatives. CONCLUSION: The frequency of IMDs in CD patients was similar in all age groups and both sexes, except women diagnosed with CD after 51 years of age presented with an increased frequency of IMDs compared with males. Dermatitis herpetiformis was more prevalent in males, whereas atopy was more prevalent in females. No difference was observed in the type of IMDs between the first-degree relatives of both sexes.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy may be associated with comorbidities such as undernutrition, impaired growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Children with cerebral palsy exhibit eating problems due to the effect on the anatomical and functional structures involved in the eating function resulting in malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food intake, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 40 children with cerebral palsy (35 with spastic tetraparetic form and 5 with non-spastic choreoathetoid form of cerebral palsy, all requiring wheelchairs or bedridden) aged from 4 to 10 years. The dietary assessment with the parents was performed using the usual household food intake inquiry. Anthropometric data were collected. Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with deglutition disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation were also recorded. RESULTS: The median of height-for-age Z-score (-4.05) was lower (P<0.05) than the median of weight-for-age (-3.29) and weight-for-height (-0.94). There was no statistical difference between weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Three patients with cerebral palsy (7.5%) exhibited mild anemia, with normal ferritin levels in two. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation were found in 82.5% (n=33), 40.0% (n=16), and 60.0% (n=24) of the sample, respectively. The patients with symptoms of dysphagia exhibited lower daily energy (1280.2±454.8 Kcal vs 1890.3±847.1 Kcal, P=0.009), carbohydrate (median: 170.9 g vs 234.5 g, P=0.023) and fluid intake (483.1±294.9 mL vs 992.9±292.2 mL, P=0.001). The patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux exhibited greater daily fluid intake (720.0±362.9 mL) than the patients without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (483.7±320.0 mL, P=0.042) and a greater height-for-age deficit (Z-score: -4.9±1.7 vs 3.7±1.5, P=0.033). The patients with symptoms of constipation exhibited lower daily dietary fiber (9.2±4.3 g vs 12.3±4.3 g, P=0.031) and fluid (456.5±283.1 mL vs 741.1±379.2 mL, P=0.013) intake. CONCLUSION: Children with cerebral palsy exhibited wide variability in food intake which may partially account for their severe impaired growth and malnutrition. Symptoms of dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation are associated with different food intake patterns. Therefore, nutritional intervention should be tailored considering the gastrointestinal symptoms and nutritional status.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Polypectomy of colorectal polyps is the mainstay of colorectal cancer prevention. Identification of the best polypectomy technique is imperative. OBJECTIVE: This review aims at comparing efficacy of nine different resection methods for small colorectal polyps (<10 mm). METHODS: We searched and selected only randomized controlled trials. Primary outcome was complete resection rates of small polyps by histological eradication. Secondary outcomes were: adverse events, retrieval tissue failures rates and duration of procedure. RESULTS: Eighteen trials including 3215 patients and 5223 polyps were analysed. Overall, cold polypectomy had a significantly shorter time of procedure than hot polypectomy (RD -5.92, 95%CI -9.90 to -1.94, P<0.05), with no statistical difference on complete histological eradication (RD 0.08, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.19, P>0.05). Regarding cold polypectomy techniques, cold snare was found superior to cold forceps on complete and en-bloc resection rates and less time consuming. When comparing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with hot-snare and cold-snare, the latter showed no-inferiority on histological eradication, adverse events or retrieval tissue failure rates. CONCLUSION: Cold polypectomy is the best technique for resection of small colorectal polyps. Among cold methods, dedicated cold snare was found superior on histological eradication. Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection might be considered an option for polyps from 5 to 9 mm.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The digestive pathologies are frequent in the elderly and often have a latent and atypical symptomatology. OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological and evolutionary current data on digestive diseases in the elderly, and look for factors associated with length of hospital stay. METHODS: Retrospective study of 10 years, including patients aged 60 and over hospitalized for digestive diseases in the Gastroenterology Department of the Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome, Togo. RESULTS: Of 5933 hospitalized patients, there were 1054 patients (17.8%) aged 60 years and over with a digestive pathology (526 men and 528 women). The average age was 69.5 years ±7.9 ranging from 60 to 105 years. The average length of hospital stay was 7.45 days ±6.2 ranging from 1 to 44 days. HIV prevalence was 2.4%. In order of decreasing frequency, there were hepatobiliary pathologies (54.3%) with a predominance of cirrhosis and liver cancer, eso-gastroduodenal pathologies (23.1%) with predominance of ulcers, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, intestinal pathologies (8.7%) with a predominance of food poisoning, pancreatic pathologies (4.2%) with a predominance of pancreatic cancer and peritoneal pathologies (1.4%). Gastric cancer was the second digestive cancer found after liver cancer. Pancreatic head cancer was the second disease after gastric cancer which need a transfer in a surgical ward (P=0.031). There were 204 deaths (19.4%). The longest duration of hospitalization was due to gastric cancer (9.16 days). CONCLUSION: Hepatobiliary diseases were the most frequent and associated with a high death rate and a long hospital stay.