Repositório RCAAP

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of fruits of banana 'Prata Rio' under refrigeration. The fruits were stored in styrofoam trays in the cold room at 13 ± 3 °C and 85 ± 3% relative humidity for 30 days. Every 5 days the weight loss, pulp firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids / titratable acidity ratio, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and starch content were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized design with treatments composed by times of storage (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days) with three replications of 3 fruits each, totaling 63 fruits evaluated. The results were evaluated by means of comparison of averages of the treatments followed by standard deviations from 3 repetitions. In the ripening of banana 'Prata Rio' there is an increase in total soluble sugars and soluble solids. The fruits smooth along the storage with consequent degradation of starch. The banana 'Prata Rio' has post-harvest behavior with potential for commercialization.

The objective of this study was to study the agronomic performance of chili cv. Ikeda, irrigated with different water qualities, under two methods of irrigation management: frequency reflectometry and tensiometry under protected environment. The statistical design used was completely randomized, in a subdivided plots scheme, consisting of three water qualities in the plots, and two irrigation managements in the subplots. The total productivity was evaluated; commercial productivity; efficiency of water use; average fruit mass; length; diameter; length / diameter ratio; soluble solids content; titratable acidity and pH. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the productivity and physical quality of the sweet pepper fruits were not affected by the quality of the irrigation water, while the lower water demand quantified by the tensiometry influenced only the pH of the fruits.

The municipality of Teresópolis, in the Rio de Janeiro mountain region, stands out in the production of vegetables, has all its agricultural activity in mountain environments, where the great intensity of crops causes disturbing environmental problems. The technologies based on agroecology propose actions that can improve the performance of agriculture in these environments. However, to support these actions, there is a need to study and better understand the productive dynamics in these environments. The objective of this work is to analyze the performance of agroecological production units (PUs), using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, for a case study. The variables of cultivated area, external inputs, machine hours and man days as inputs were used; invoicing and different items produced, as outputs of the DEA model applied. The UP that presented the best performance, produced 34 different items, was efficient during nine months, with an efficiency index of 96%, in the year 2017. The combination or sequence between the types of crops, size of the areas destined to each one and times of planting constitute a productive dynamic capable of promoting the efficiency of each UP. The identification of efficient units and the understanding of the dynamics and the good productive practices, can help the farmers with less efficiency, in the improvement of the performance.

The irrigation system, called umbu cuca, can be an efficient and advantageous alternative for the family farmers in the production of lettuce in economical land. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lettuce production at the economic site integrated to the umbu cuca irrigation system with the conventional irrigated manure with irrigation system in the municipality of Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments, economical and conventional with four replications, the average number of leaves per plant was evaluated; mean height of seedlings; diameter of plant and stem; fresh and dry mass of shoot and root; root length; and water use efficiency. After collection, the data were submitted to the test with 5% probability. The water use efficiency was 2.92% higher for conventional beds, but with the exception of root length that was 2.19 cm larger in conventional beds, all other variables showed that the production was better for the beds with a significant difference for the fresh mass of the plants, which was 103,430 g / greater plant in the economic beds, plant height 3,81 cm, the diameter stem 0.19 cm.

The anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum musae is considered the most important diseases in banana fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the fixed oil of pinhão bravo in the in vitro control of C. musae, in different concentrations and application methodologies. The fungus was isolated from banana fruits, grown in Potato-Dextrose-Agar (B.D.A) culture medium. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme with 2 factors (3 application methods and 3 concentrations + 2 controls), with seven replicates. The methods of application were: incorporation of the oil into the fuse culture medium; distribution of the oil in the solidified culture medium and distribution of the oil in filter paper, fixed to the inner part of the lid of the Petri dish. The concentrations of the oil used were: 0.1; 1 and 10%. The controls were: absolute control (without oil and without fungicide) and relative control (without oil and with fungicide). The oil tested at all concentrations and application methods was diluted in Tween 80. The radial growth in centimeter of the mycelium of the fungus was measured daily for ten days. The data were analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The Treatments 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 11 provided greater inhibition of the mycelial growth of C. musae and were statistically equal to each other. The fixed oil of pinhão bravo can be used as alternative measure of control of the C. musae in substitution to the chemical pesticides.

In view of the importance of the cultivation of cowpea in the semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast and the need to know the behavior of the occurrence of summer, due to its importance for rainfed agriculture, the objective of this study was to classify the influence of summer the productivity of cowpea in the municipality of Crateús, Ceará, from 2006 to 2016. Data were collected on cowpea productivity and rainfall data for the first crop, provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Municipal Agricultural Production) and Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos, respectively. The results indicate that the most frequent type of summer in the region during the studied period was type A, with more than 70 occurrences. The type B and D of summers showed a significant correlation between the yield of bean and cowpea beans in the first harvest for the municipality of Crateús, and it is necessary to take into account the months that this distribution occurs more frequently, measures to mitigate their harmful effects.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphite as a resistance inducer in the management of Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the reek, in tomato mutants for trichomes and hormones, to identify their mode of action and the possible signaling pathways involved. Eleven mutant genotypes (hair absent, Wooly, hairless, Galapagos, notabilis, Never ripe, epinastic, procera, curl3, 35S::nahG and dgt, Nr) which are in the same genetic background as the wild parental, cultivate Micro-Tom. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a two - factorial scheme, with four replications. The factor A corresponded to the genotypes used and the factor B applied or not of the inducer. The variables analyzed were: incubation period (PI), final lesion size (TFL) and lesion expansion rate (r). For all variables there was a significant interaction between the genotypes and the application of potassium phosphite. In plants treated with potassium phosphite, the PI in the Galapagos genotype was significantly lower from 52 to 70% relative to the mutant genotypes except Never ripe and 35S::nahG. The application of potassium phosphite increased significantly in 63, 53, and 70% TFL for the Wooly, hairless and procera genotypes, respectively. The r in the genotype procera was significantly lower in 76% of that observed in the Micro Tom, and 50 to 76% in relation to the mutant genotypes when the plants were not treated with potassium phosphite. The most likely signaling pathway for resistance induction by potassium phosphite is that of salicylic acid.

The vegetables grown in a shaded environment have been gaining more space in front of the open field planting system. Among the vegetables, it stands out the pepper, being among the ten most produced crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sources and fertilizers in the nutrition of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) under an organic system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, using two sources of potassium: potassium sulphate (50% K) and wood ash (5,84% K) and six blocks, each with three plants. ash yielded higher performance in relation to the following variables: number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, fruit length, pulp thickness, commercial productivity. With chemical variables, fertilization with wood ash yielded superior results for soluble solids, vitamin C, and titratable acidity. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the treatment with wood ash fertilization was promising regarding the physical characteristics and, for the pH only, lower values were obtained than the other treatments. use of wood ash as a source of nutrition for sweet pepper plants resulted in higher commercial productivity.

The gray water footprint (GWF) is defined as the volume of fresh water needed to dilute Soil of semiarid regions naturally present low fertility, hampering plant growth and productivity, increasing production costs due to investments in fertilizers and agricultural pesticides. In addition, overall, there is a great waste of food. In view of this scenario, the aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of organic waste for the production of an organic compost by means of composting, followed by vermicomposting. The experiment was carried out in two stages (composting followed by vermicomposting), at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará Campus Maracanaú. Organic food residues were used from the Ceará Supply Center, cattle manure and dry leaves. At 51 days after composting, the compost was placed in a tank with a capacity of 310 L, and 100 adult Californian worms (Eisenia foetida) were added, thus initiating the vermicompost process. It was concluded that it is possible to use food waste for the production of organic fertilizer. Composting followed by vermicomposting was feasible and easy to apply. The vermicomposting reduced the grain size of the compound and improved the nutritional quality of the material, increasing the phosphorus, calcium, zinc, copper and iron content.

This paper analyzes the environmental perception of the use of agroforestry systems in the recovery of legal reserve in Cametá-PA, proposing the discussion between the profile of properties, environmental perception of the main terms of the Forest Code, protectionist knowledge of agroforestry systems and environmental regularization. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered with interview assistance to 50 farmers in 10 localities of the municipality, in addition, a survey of the data of the Rural Environmental Cadastre of the interviewees and the total of the municipality was carried out. To know the environmental reality, the analysis of deforestation was carried out between 2006 and 2017. The results point out that the majority of farmers in Cametá have little knowledge about environmental law. Regarding Rural Environmental Cadastre, only 32.72% of the rural properties are registered until October 2018 and 80% of the registered properties need to recover their legal reserves. Despite the incipient knowledge about agroforestry systems, the lack of financial resources, the effectiveness of technical assistance, lack of knowledge about responsibilities and obligations, can generate a great economic and social crisis with the application of embargoes and fines for failure to comply with the provisions of the Regularization Program Environmental.

Silver nanoparticles have been increasingly used in industrial applications for a long time. Chemical methods of synthesizing silver nanoparticles can be toxic and expensive. Therefore, many studies have emerged to create ecologically correct synthetic routes that provide good dispersion and stability in the extractive medium. Plant species are investigated for the discovery of a new dispersive medium for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by the green route. AgNPs are disperse in plant extract, by plants available in Brazil. In this work, Melissa Officinalis leaves were used as a dispersive medium of nanoparticles. The characterization techniques used became possible to observe the superficial modifications with the presence of well-dispersed nanostructures, which are fundamental for the production of intelligent textiles with antimicrobial action. Thus, it was possible by means of each synthesis route to evaluate the dispersion and morphology of AgNPs in different dispersive media of Melissa Officinalis, concluding that it is very efficient for the stabilization of AgNPs.

The spaces located in the surroundings of the houses are complex systems, in which a great diversity of species is managed, mainly, for family feeding and medicinal use. In scientific studies these spaces are called agroforestry homegardens or homegardens, but few studies characterize how farmers themselves term these spaces. The objective of the present work was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey in productive units of São João da Várzea, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, identifying with farmers the spaces and their characteristics. Participatory methodologies such as workshops, snowball technique, guided tour, participatory rapid diagnosis and cognitive maps were used. The knowledge of the local denominations of the different planting spaces is important for the accomplishment of studies in the agronomic and ethnobotanical area. In São João da Várzea, 15 spaces with special characteristics for agricultural activities were identified. The spaces have a diversity of plant species with a total of 154 species belonging to 63 botanical families, covering a total of 2474 plants. This fact associated to the management in each environment contributes to the food security of the families and maintenance of the local biodiversity. The spaces present differences in floristic composition related to water availability, size of the productive unit, soil type, socioeconomic,’ cultural condition of the family and the family's agricultural aptitude. The most frequent species are fruit such as Psidium guajava L., Cocos nucifera L., Annona squamosa L., Malpighia glabra L. and Carica papaya L.

The gray water footprint (GWF) is defined as the volume of fresh water needed to dilute contaminants incorporated into the surface and subsurface layers of the soil, through the emission of agrochemicals in agricultural production. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the gray water footprint in tomato cultivation in Brazilian semiarid regions. The study was developed in the municipalities of Parelhas and Equador, both located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It was carried out a survey of the main pollutants, besides the environmental conditions of soil and climate, soon after the use of mathematical models to estimate the gray water footprint. The pesticides evaluated were Evidence, Lannate Br, Karate 50 EC, Sportak 450 EC, Sencor 480, Ridomil Gold and Confidor S. The insecticide Ridomil Gold (Chlorothalonil) was considered to be very offensive for tomato production in this study, its application should be avoided, and its replacement should be replaced by one that requires less fresh water for dilution. On the other hand, the pesticides Lannate BR (Methomyl), Karate 50 EC (Lambda-Cialotrina) and Sportak 450 EC (Procloraz) were the ones that presented less water requirement for dilution.

The high population growth coupled with increased waste generation has modified the quality and availability of both surface and groundwater. This study aims to verify the water quality and the treatment system efficiency implanted in different points of underground water abstraction in the municipality of Iguatama, Minas Gerais. Eight distinct collection points were defined, with the help of local water service sanitation provider (SAAE), which established a route for the collection, according to their importance level for the population, being five tubular wells in urban areas and three in rural areas. The analyzes were performed in the SAAE laboratory of Córrego Fundo-MG. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed were: residual chlorine, pH, turbidity and color. The microbiological parameters were: total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria. The analyzes results demonstrated compliance with the potability standards established by the legislation and the treatment proved to be efficient at all collected points. No significant differences were found between the urban and rural areas, demonstrating that there is no association of results obtained with these sites. The municipality is concerned with maintaining water quality as well as all the care around the points such as enclosure and sanitation, which favors a better water quality.

The green roof has been considered as an alternative to mitigate some environmental problems present in urban centers, such as floods, air pollution and noise, and islands of heat. Besides, it can act as thermal insulation in buildings providing thermal comfort and energy saving. However, one of the downsides is its high cost of implementation. This work presents experimental research carried out in Limeira, São Paulo, with the objective of evaluating two aspects of green roofs: its cost of implantation and its performance as thermal insulation in the study region. For the composition of prices, the widely used green roof construction systems were considered, estimated by square meter in specialized companies and as unitary materials in local commerce, presenting value variations of up to 835%. For the thermal performance analysis, three experimental modules (M) were built. The M1 has only a waterproofed concrete slab (control roof), and the other two have extensive green roof systems: M2 using Chlorophytum comosum, and M3 with Hemigrafis alternata. The control of the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in the modules was carried out with thermohygrometers (Testo 174 h data logger) in measurements every 10 minutes for 40 days. With this analysis, we verified that the vegetated coverings (M2 and M3) presented the best thermal performance with the maximum temperatures up to 3.4 ° C lower than those of M1 (control). We concluded that, although the implantation cost is still high, the green roof is feasible, because it has environmental benefits and thermal comfort and can lead to a decrease in the consumption of electric energy.

The "Isabel" vine is one of the most important crops both for the agricultural sector and for subsistence of small families. The bovine biofertilizer appears as an alternative to replace the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in small properties, where it can be used in agricultural crops providing quality and quantity aspects, acting positively in the soil-water-plant system. In this perspective, the objective was to evaluate the production of Isabel grape fruits, fertilized with types and doses of bovine biofertilizer, during the second productive cycle. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, with factorial 5 x 8, referring to five types of biofertilizer: (B1 = bovine manure, B2 = B1 + MB4 rock meal, B3 = B2 + legume (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp.), B4 = B2 + wood ash and B5 = B3 + wood ash) and 8 doses of biofertilizer (D1 = 0; D2 = 0.35; D3 = 0.7; D4 = 1.05; D5 = 1.4; D6 = 1.75; D7 = 2.1 and D8 = 2.45 L/plant/time), applied every 2 months. The types of biofertilizer B1, B2, B4 and B5 exert significant values in production, except for quality. The use of biofertilizer applied 1,2 L/plant/time provides greater productive efficiency of Isabel vine fruits in types B1, B2, B4 and B5, except for ºBrix and acidity. The application of different types of bovine biofertilizer associated to optimal dosages leads to plants with high productive potential.

Climate monitoring is an essential element for predictions of temperature changes and their influence on environmental health and safety. However, the sparse density of meteorological stations limits the collection of reliable data and makes it difficult to analyze climatic variables and events, which makes it necessary to use data estimators where there are no measurements, such as interpolations. The aim of this work was to evaluate which interpolation method best represents the climatic variable of maximum temperature in the State of Bahia, with the use of historical temperature series and a Digital Elevation Model from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission - SRTM data. As results, we observed that the geostatistical interpolators presented better performance, especially Cokriging, and that the use of geographic information systems are important tools for studies of this subject.

Among the transversal themes, environmental education is one that should be worked during scholar period. One way to address such matters is interdisciplinarity, relating the different themes proposed by the National Curricular Parameters to the formal contents of each discipline. In the present work, educational activities were carried out in chemistry class, in which the objective was relating the chemical composition of commercial mineral waters, of different producers, to the elements of the periodic table, in order to promote the teaching of chemistry integrated environmental education. The target audience were students of the ninth grade of elementary school, aged 13 to 15 years old of a school in the private network. The methodology consisted of the presentation of the characteristics of drinking water, then the analysis of commercial mineral waters labels, and the students should identify the elements and substances present, with their concentrations. The arguments that have supported the student analysis were talked to epistemological theoretical frameworks previously selected, based on cross-cutting and interdisciplinary. The students reported that they had never previously observed the label of a bottle of mineral water, and, after practice, they might perceive the amount of information present in it, that they referred to the subject studied in class about the periodic table. The professor has guided a discussion in which a correlation between the location of water source and your chemical composition was performed. The importance of preserving the natural sources was emphasized as well as the variety of mineral waters related inherent to the site of the source.

The research of fruit juice and nectars provides drinks with new flavors, attractive colors and textures, and high nutritional value for the beverage industries. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of pulps and nectars, develop blends of tropical fruits, and assess their physicochemical features and presence of bioactive compounds. The preparation of nectars comprised 30% pulp and 70% mineral water, using pulps of tamarind, pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit, which served as matrices for the preparation of seven blend formulations. The following physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds were analyzed: soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total extractable polyphenols. All pulps, nectars, and blends had a pH below 4.5. The acerola pulp and nectar presented the highest ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and extractable polyphenol contents. The blend in Formulation 7 (30% tamarind + 20% pineapple + 25% acerola + 25% passion fruit) had the highest titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Formulation 4 (30% tamarind + 30% pineapple + 30% acerola + 10% passion fruit) showed the highest content of total extractable polyphenols.

The dynamics of the climatic elements of a given region, intervenes in the socio-environmental relations constituted, including the aspects of environmental health, prevalence of vectors transmitting diseases and the local epidemiological scenario. The objective of this study was to describe the capacity of impulse-response transmission between the historical records of climatic variables and the data of reported cases of dengue fever in the city of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Monthly average climatic secondary data and reported cases of dengue were tabulated from January 2009 to December 2016 for the municipality. An autoregressive vector (VAR) model of the logarithmic historical series was developed, obtaining response graphs in the number of reported cases of dengue (dependent variable) due to the impulses in the climatic components (independent variables). The results showed that the 1% increase in temperature corresponds to a 0.45% increase in the number of dengue cases in the following month, reducing the effect from the 3rd month. The increase in precipitation impacts up to 0.15% in the reported cases of dengue in the following month, while the increase in the relative air humidity index negatively impacts the dependent variable. The historical series of reported cases of dengue is dependent on impulses from the variable itself (68%) and about 20% of the variations in average monthly temperature. Given the adaptability of disease vectors to climatic variations, municipal epidemiological control strategies should include the planning, monitoring and management of local climatic indicators due to socio-environmental vulnerability.