Repositório RCAAP

The increasing use of biostimulant products in recent years is due to its ease of use, economically viable cost, and environmental assistance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings under different concentrations of biostimulant based on seaweed. The work was carried out at the State University of Piauí, Campus de Corrente, in a greenhouse covered with a screen. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 5 replicates, totaling 25 plots, Control, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml and 4, 0 ml of the biostimulant. The exogenous addition of biostimulant based on seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum did not have an effect on the agronomic performance of yellow passion fruit seedlings.

The yellow passion fruit is a climacteric fruit that presents high perishability when stored at room temperature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cassava peanut starch coating on postharvest conservation of yellow passion fruit stored at room temperature. The cassava inner bark starch was extracted by decanting and drying. The starch was used in the preparation of the edible coating, through the gelatinization of the starch. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design (DIC), with a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with three treatments (control, no coating; and starch in the concentrations 1, 2 and 3%) and three sampling times (0, 7 and 10 days). Physical analysis (peel color, weight loss and juice yield) and chemical analyzes (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and SS AT-1 ratio) were performed during this period. The results demonstrated that the treatments were effective in maintaining the visual appearance of the fruits and reducing the mass loss during the ten days of storage. All treatments were efficient during the storage period for SS maintenance, while only only the treatments with 2 and 3% starchmaintained the pH. The tested coatings were not effective in preserving the acidity of the fruits and the SS AT-1 ratio increased from the 7th day of conservation. The coating with 3% of starch presented the best results for all evaluated parameters.

This study aims to know the diversity and the fruit flies infestation rates in the Mundaú valley in the state of Alagoas. The fruits were collected randomly every two weeks at different times of the crown of fruit and freshly fallen fruit on the ground, which were in good condition of conservation and without exit holes of the larvae. The fruits were placed in plastic trays (54cm x 32cm) labeled with field data having a layer of a cm sieved sand and sterilized in an oven with air circulation for 48 hours at 80 ° C to serve as a substrate for pupation . The infestation indices of fruit flies were calculated by dividing the total number of pupae by total fruit each collected species (pupae / fruit) and total number of pupae by the total weight (kg) of each collected species (pupae / kg fruit). Were identified five fruit flies species: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), Anastrepha obliqua (Maquart, 1835), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979, Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, 1939 e Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Neosilba species (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). Yellow mombin, guava, surinam cherry and red mombin are the fruits that suffer the greatest infestation of fruit flies. The most polyphagous species in this study is A. fraterculus.

O solo é um dos principais suportes para a produção agrícola e dele dependem os processos ambientais e a dinâmica de água no solo. A retenção de água como atributo limitante ao desenvolvimento dos vegetais está sendo seriamente comprometida pelo processo de degradação do solo em terras agrícolas, em função do padrão de manejo do solo, com baixa biodiversidade e alto grau de revolvimento pelas operações constantes de preparo do solo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar atributos físico-hídricos de três perfis de solo no município de Arez, Rio Grande do Norte para subsidiar a implantação de sistemas conservacionistas envolvendo a integração lavoura, pecuária e floresta, em solos de textura arenosa. As amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada foram analisadas no Laboratório de Análises Físicas de Solo do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, para a determinação das variáveis: capacidade de aeração do solo, teor de água na capacidade de campo, ponto de murcha permanente, água disponível, capacidade de água disponível, densidade do solo, porosidades (total; macro e microporosidade), condutividade hidráulica saturada, granulometria, argila dispersa em água e grau de floculação. A capacidade de água disponível do solo aumentou em profundidade e a capacidade de aeração do solo foi maior em superfície. A porosidade total em superfície favoreceu a taxa de infiltração e a densidade do solo aumentou em profundidade. Os atributos tiveram relação com a posição dos mesmos na paisagem, com maior retenção de água na encosta, em cotas inferiores.

The development of local and regional seed banks as well as the subsequent evaluation of their quality are one of the alternatives that can prevent or minimize the loss of the biodiversity of creole seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of Creole corn seeds stored in the Regional Seed Bank of the Caiana Community in Soledade, Paraiba. In the Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products of the Federal University of Campina Grande, seeds were submitted to physical analysis: water content, thousand seeds weight, seed mass, apparent density, real density, porosity, seed volume, color L *, a *, b *, Chroma C * and darkening index. The Jaboatão maize variety had a higher water content, a thousand seeds weight, grain mass, bulk density and grain volume and the Adelaide variety greater porosity and luminosity.

Anthracnose is a disease caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides affects avocado fruits (Persea americana Miller), making them unfit for commercialization. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of essential oils on the control of anthracnose in avocado fruits and its influence on the physico-chemical quality. The work was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory - UFPB, campus II. The fruits of avocado were treated with essential oils of lemon grass, cinnamon, eucalyptus, ricin, copaiba, andiroba, rosemary, canola, clove and flaxseed, which were added to the BDA culture medium at a concentration of 0.75 μLmL-1 and added to these two drops of Tween 80. In addition to the fungicide Tiabendazole 400 ml / 100 L added in the BDA medium and the control (pure culture medium). The following were evaluated: index of mycelial growth rate, conidia production and pathogen severity. The physical-chemical evaluations of the fruits were: loss of fresh mass; peel strength; pH; SS / AT ratio. The essential oils of cinnamon, lemon grass, eucalyptus, cloves, fennel, copaiba and rosemary reduce mycelial growth. The oils used show potential as an alternative treatment reducing the use of fungicides. Cinnamon oil in the concentration 0.75 μLmL-1 significantly reduces the growth and sporulation of the pathogen. Essential oils do not interfere with post-harvest quality of avocado fruits P. americana Miller.

The test of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) allows knowledge about the potential of anaerobic sludge in the digestion of organic material, however, it does not yet have a practical protocol for its most widespread development in the Treatment Stations. The present work intends to make a comparison between two SMA methods, one simplified and one automated. In both methods there was inoculation of anaerobic reactor sludge, dilution with nutrient solution and addition of substrate (sodium acetate), in adequate concentrations. For the simplified method, antibiotic flasks were used with manual measurement of biogas production using a glass syringe and methane analysis via chromatography. In the automated method, the AMPTS (Automatic Methane Potential Test System) was used, which provided the results through interface with specific software. The results obtained with the simplified method were more coherent than expected (values around the range of 0.2 to 0.3 gDQOCH4/gSV.d), reliable and of lower cost, considering all the material resources involved, when compared with the obtained with automated method (values around 0.1 gDQOCH4/gSV.d). In addition, it has been found that new practices can be implemented.

In the Paraíba do Sul Valley, between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, the replacement of the Atlantic Forest for coffee cultivation has degraded soils and watercourses. Growing forest species can help restore this environment. The guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) is a native forest species with great potential for economic exploitation of wood. Its cultivation in agroforestry system - AFS can become more advantageous due to its moderate growth. The objectives of this research were to compare the growth of guanandi in monoculture and agroforestry diversification in simple and biodiverse AFSs, as well as to evaluate the performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) in these systems, in cycles with high rainfall and water scarcity. The biodiverse AFS was added with pigeon pea, banana, juçara palm and arboreal diversity. Agroforestry systems did not affect the growth of guanandi, which increased the circumference of chest height in simple AFS after three years of conversion. Cassava and arrowroot food crops presented performance compatible with the planting density used in AFSs, with significantly higher yields in simple AFS. Arrowroot has withstood environmental stress on both AFSs and does not require replanting, naturally occupying the understory. Simple AFS is a system for farmers interested in obtaining the maximum yield of annual crops in association with the forest species. The biodiverse AFS is appropriate to diversify agricultural production and restore the environment concomitantly.

Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of orange juice. Orange juice is a complex product, formed by an aqueous "blend" of various volatile and unstable organic components, responsible for its taste and aroma, as well as sugars, acids, minerals, vitamins and pigments. However, due to the more acidic flavor characteristic of orange juice, many consumers use the use of "common" crystal sugar for their consumption, which may reduce the nutritional quality of the final product. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the acceptance of orange juice sweetened with brown sugar, honey, and refined sugar, by assessing the sensory perception of consumers. The work was developed at the State University of Rio Grande do Sul. The oranges of the Valencia variety, after selection, washing and sanitization were submitted to the juice extraction process manually, and after filtration, 4.5 liters of orange juice were collected. They were then separated into three 1.5 liter portions in three 2 liter containers each, and diluted with the addition of 0.5 liters of water and “ordinary” crystal sugar, brown sugar and honey to 14 ° Brix. The acceptance test was performed by a team of 31 untrained judges, and the orange juice was evaluated for its appearance, taste, acidity, sweetness and overall impression, using a structured hedonic scale evaluation form. Nine points. Orange juice sweetened with refined sugar was presented as the best option of the evaluators, presenting higher grades in all tested attributes.

Objetivou-se com presente trabalho, avaliar o metabolismo bioquímico de plântulas de mamoeiro submetidas a diferentes níveis de salinidade, e cultivados e três tipos de substratos, a fim de determinar qual substrato promoveu um melhor ajustamento osmótico ao estres salino. Para produção das mudas da cultivar Havaí foram utilizados tubetes com capacidade 300 cm3. Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 3x4. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três tipos de substratos: S1= vermiculita+húmus de minhoca (1/1); S2= vermiculita+húmus+esterco caprino (1/1/1); S3= vermiculita+esterco (1/1) e quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica na água de irrigação: C1= 0,0; C2= 2,5; C3= 5,0 e C4= 7,5 dS m-1 com cinco repetições. A solução salina para a irrigação foi obtida com a adição NaCl e monitorada com auxílio de um condutivimetro. Após a emergência das plântulas iniciou-se os tratamentos salinos até o 15º dia após a emergência. Analisou-se o conteúdo de açúcares solúveis totais, aminoácidos livres totais e teor de prolina em parte aérea e raiz. Com base na análise dos dados, observou-se que plântulas de mamoeiro cultivadas em substrato S1 incrementaram os teores de açúcares solúveis totais e aminoácidos solúveis totais em raiz e parte aérea, proporcional ao aumento dos níveis de salinidade. Concluindo, portanto, que o substrato vermiculita+húmus de minhoca (1/1) promoveu um possível ajustamento osmótico às plântulas em condições de estresse salino, através do aumento de compostos nitrogenados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pests in maize fertilized with soil remineralizer from silicate rock compared to chemical fertilization with NPK. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area at the Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Campus Januária, Minas Gerais, with the cultivation of medium - cycle corwith corn grain medium-cycle in a randomized block design, with six treatments, four replications, four planting / plot lines . The treatments consisted in the supply of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 t ha-1 remineralizer (NaturalPlus® rock powder from Ipirá, Bahia) and NPK in planting line. Twenty plants of the area of each plot were monitored weekly for pest incidence during the phenological stages V1 to V12. In the reproductive stage R3 the damage caused by the caterpillar in leaves was evaluated by means of scale of visual damage. During the survey, the occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda, Dalbulus maidis and Diabrotica speciosa was observed in a smaller quantity in the treatments with soil remineralizer, regardless of the dose. The damage caused by the caterpillar on leaf area reduction was directly proportional to the number of caterpillars. The silicate rock remineralizer reduced the incidence of sucking insects and damage caused by caterpillars in corn.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of coriander and the chemical characteristics of the soil under different organic fertilizations with crab residue. For the agronomic performance, the height, green and dry mass of the plants were collected. In the chemical analysis were determined the pH and the concentrations of 〖Ca〗^(2+), 〖〖Ca〗^(2+)+Mg〗^(2+), 〖Al〗^(3+),〖Na〗^+, Potential Acidity (H^++〖Al〗^(3+)), Organic Matter (O.M), Nitrogen (N) e Potassium (P). The treatments fertilized with the organic compounds that had gliricidia, dry leaves and 5% of crab residues had better agronomic performance. Regarding the chemical characteristics, the Hierarchical Grouping Analysis (AAH) allowed to identify the formation of three groups, which were united according to the amount of crab residues present in the treatments. And with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was possible to identify that the addition of residues of the crab-uçá contributed to the increase the levels of 〖Ca〗^(2+), 〖〖Ca〗^(2+)+Mg〗^(2+),〖Na〗^+ and alkaline pH, and in the absence of 〖Al〗^(3+) and Potential Acidity (H^++〖Al〗^(3+)) in the soil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of leaf extracts of the forest species leucena and algaroba at different concentrations on the germination and initial growth of Cyperus rotundus weed. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor was represented by two types of forest species leaf extracts: algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) and leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), and a level without application of the extract. The second factor was represented by four different concentrations of each extract, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% p v-1. The number of sprouts emerged each day, emergence percentage after 21 days of planting, seedling emergence speed index, seedling length, fresh matter and dry matter of shoots were evaluated. There was a significant (p<0.05) effect of the extracts and their concentrations on the growth of the weed plant, interfering in the shoot length of the Cyperus rotundus weed seedlings, and significant effect (p<0.01) of the extracts on the fresh mass and total dry shoot. However, the other parameters were not influenced by the extracts types and concentrations. The effectiveness of extracts of forest species, algaroba and leucena, as bioherbicides in the control of Cyperus rotundus weed plants was not proved.

The production of charcoal deriving from native forests has been putting pressure on different biomes, mainly the Cerrado one, where the vegetation has been devastated to supply charcoal mining companies focused on Brazilian steel plants. Forest replenishment is an environmental management tool used to reduce pressure on natural resources, through reforestation. Data on the production of charcoal allow stipulating the amount of original forest replenishment credits to offset the use of natural resources. The objective of this work was to the current charcoal production scenario and the main consumers of charcoal deriving from native forests in Tocantins State. Forest Origin Documents regarding the period from 2009 to 2016 were provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA - Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) and used as data sources. Data were inserted in a spreadsheet and subjected to descriptive statistics. Values stipulated in Resolution n°. 28, of November 22, 2011, of the State Environmental Council of Tocantins (COEMA-TO - Conselho Estadual do Meio Ambiente do Tocantins), were used to convert the amount of charcoal produced in areas of planted forests originated from forest replenishment. Tocantins State presented a scenario of constant native charcoal production increase. The annual mean production was 546,071.3 mdc (meters of charcoal) from 2009 to 2013 and it decreased to 145,128 mdc from 2014 to 2016. The main destination was Minas Gerais State, which consumed 77.01% of its production from 2009 to 2016.

The objective was to evaluate the initial growth of strawberry under irrigation with saline water in a soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Experimental Station, Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, during the period of September and October of 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized following the 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replications. The first treatment was constituted by the levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water, being: 0.5 dS m-1; 1.0 dS m-1; 1.5 dS m-1; 2.0 dS m-1 e 2.5 dS m-1, and the second treatment comprised two conditions: with and without biofertilizer. The following variables were evaluated: number of leaves, root length, shoot dry matter, root and total and electrical conductivity. Irrigation water salinity affected the number of leaves, leaf area, root length, shoot, root and total dry mass, but with lower intensity in soil with bovine biofertilizer, demonstrating that the input attenuates the effects of salinity on strawberry growth.

The aim of this work was evaluate different aseptic methods in the physiological quality and sanity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds. Seed samples inoculated with fungi Aspergillus sp. and another with Penicillium sp., were submitted to the treatments: control with and without inoculation of fungi, ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation for 1, 3 and 5 min; 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 and 2 min; sodium hypochlorite 2% NaClO for 3 min with addition of acetic acid; 2% NaClO for 3 min; 1% peracetic acid for 3 and 6 min; thermotherapy at 60 and 70 ° C for 5 min and wet at 60 and 70 ° C for 30 min. Germination, germination speed index, seedling growth, fresh and dry matter of seedlings and seed health were evaluated. In the sanity test, the treatments that best controlled the fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were 70% ethyl alcohol for 1 and 2 min, NaClO 2% with and without acetic acid and the thermotherapy at 60 and 70 °C for 30 min. The humid thermotherapy at 60 and 70 °C was efficient in the control of fungi, however, they caused mortality of 100 and 70% for seeds inoculated with Aspergillus sp. and 96.5 and 98.5% for seeds inoculated with Penicillium sp., respectively. The inoculation of fungi directly affected germination and vigor. Therefore, the treatments with ethyl alcohol and NaClO were the most efficient in the treatment of the seeds promoting inhibition of the fungi without compromising the physiological quality of the seeds.

Inadequate soil management modifies its attributes, culminating in the loss of its product quality. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the attributes of a cambisol in Agroecosystems, in the Land of Hope Settlement project, in the municipality of Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, in Rio Grande do Norte, through the statistical technique Multivariate. Soil samples were collected with the deformed and undisturbed structure to perform physical and chemical analyses, and the collections were made in the layers of 0-5 and 5-10 cm, in three replications. The physical attributes evaluated were: granulometry, particle density and soil density, soil resistance to penetration carried out in a field with a penetrometer, and total soil porosity. The chemical attributes were: electrical conductivity, hydrogenionic potential in water, total organic carbon and macronutrients: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, and subsequently the ability to exchange cations, a sum of bases and Base saturation, and the percentage of exchangeable sodium. The areas of native forest and agroecological area showed similarity among themselves, and the structural attributes soil resistance to penetration and bulk density and the chemical total organic carbon, sodium, potassium, percentage of exchangeable sodium and Electricalconductivity were the most sensitive in the distinction of the environments, in relation to the conventional planting area of intercropped crops, indicating that the soil use systems alter their attributes and that agroecological practices provide improvements and/or maintenance of these.

The Chapada das Mesas National Park was created in 2005 whit the objective of protecting the floristic, faunistic, diversity, endemic species, natural attributes, such as the presence of 400 river sources and morrarias carved by the process of natural weathering present in the region, known as Chapada das Mesas, located in the Cerrado phytogeographic domain, in the South of Maranhão, Brazil. Some aspect to be addressed when creating a conservation unit is the conflicts generated by the limitation of the exploration of natural resources by the residents of the place, where protected areas the land issue. In this sense, it is research had as objective investigate the participation of residents in the process of creating the Chapada das Mesas National Park. The research was descriptive, whit application of forms to 40 residents. Checked that 77.5% live in the Park. 75% did not participate in the project to implement the conservation unit and 50% were against. With the perspective of families living inside the conservation unit and with the elaboration of the Management Plan, the residents are expected to understand the importance of the National Park to preserve this ecosystem and to support its implementation.

This research contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of the Leguminosae in the Cerrado of Maranhão Northeast of Brazil. The collection and herborization of the sample were realized according to the usual methodology for the family in study. Leguminosae is represented by 50 species, 29 genera, distributed in four subfamilies: Papilionoideae (22 spp.), Caesalpinioideae (20 spp.), Cercidoideae (6 spp.) and Detarioideae (2 spp.). Mimosa L. was the genus that presented the highest richness (8 spp.). The life-form shrub (19 spp.) was the most diverse, while the gallery rainforest was the phytophysiognomy most diverse (24 spp.). Thus, the identification key was created for the subfamilies, general descriptions and material examined for each species.

The study of plant litter including its production over its seasonality, decomposition and nutrient cycling process can provide information that contributes to a better understanding of the vegetation and how the sustainability of forest ecosystems occurs. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the production and accumulation of plant litter during an 18-month period in a forest fragment of the Caatinga biome. The experiment was conducted during an 18-month period, from April 2016 to September 2017, in the Caatinga biome. For this, 100 x 100 cm collecting boxes were installed at 40 cm of soil height to intercept leaves, branches, and reproductive structures. For the accumulated plant litter, a 50 x 50 cm bottomless planter box was used for monthly withdrawals of the material laid on the ground. During the collection period, the total plant litter production was estimated at 4302.15 kg ha-1 and the average accumulation of plant litter on the soil in the study area was approximately 4603.09 kg-1 ha-1 year-1 with the largest deposits at the beginning of the rainy season. The results presented in this study demonstrate great relevance for the development of management activities in the Caatinga biome.