Repositório RCAAP

The cotton is attacked per sucking pests, which have been controlled with chemical insecticides, causing problems to the applicator's health and pollution of the environment, but the use of botanicals such as neem has been studied in recent years. The effect of the application interval of the insecticide Azamax® was evaluated on sucking pests and their natural enemies. The study was conducted at the Embrapa Cotton in Barbalha-CE, in period of June to September of 2015. The Azamax® was applied in two application intervals (seven and 15 days), in total coverage of the plants with manual costal spray with conical nozzle. The samplings were carried out weekly in 40 plants per parcel from 13 to 90 days after the plant emergence. The aphids, thrips and cochineal were sampled in the pointers of the plants, the whitefly in the leaf of the 5th node and the red mite in the middle part, while the natural enemies, in the places where the pests were sampled. The Azamax® applied at the seven and 15 days reduces the rate of infestation of the aphid Aphis gossypii, even as, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B and the cochineal Planococcus minor, having no effect on the red mite, for both periods of application. No effect of Azamax® was observed on natural enemies population of cotton sucking pests.

The climatic conditions of the semiarid region of the northeast, characterized by the deficiency of rainfall, give irrigation a fundamental importance as one of the instruments to enable the viability of more agriculture Productive and with lower risk. Given the panorama of water scarcity, this paper aims to propose the development of soursop seedlings from the utilization of air conditioning and agroindustrial effluent. The research was developed in the seedling production sector located at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Campus Sousa. A completely randomized block design was used, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments resulted from the following combinations: T1 = 100% Artesian Well, T2 = 100% air conditioning, T3 = combination 50% air conditioning + 50% Artesian Well, T4 = combination 50% agroindustrial effluent + 50% air conditioning and T5 = 100% agroindustrial effluent. Soursop seedlings were produced in plastic bags using Neossol Fluvic and manure in proportion (2:1) as substrate. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, green and dry mass of aerial part and root and influence on soil attributes (PH, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, MO, PST). After the study, it was verified that the use of air-conditioning water is a good alternative as a source of irrigation for the seedlings of Gravioleira, while the water of agroindustrial effluent was not adequate for this purpose, since it influenced Negatively in most of the variables analyzed.

The use of hydroponic systems by family farmers in the Paraiba semiarid region allows a continuous production of vegetables due to the water limitations typical of this region. However, the difficult access and the high cost of mineral fertilizers is a limiting factor of this practice. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the potential of the use of bovine anaerobic biofertilizer in the substitution of mineral fertilizers, in the cultivation of lettuce group cv. Cristina. The work was conducted in a greenhouse, installed at the Federal Institute of Paraíba, Campus Sousa. Four doses plus mineral fertilizers were evaluated: Bio + 0%; Bio + 25%; Bio + 50%, Bio + 75%, with four repetitions, in randomized blocks. Leaf dry mass and total mass, total number of leaves, leaf area and yield were evaluated. The reduction of the mineral fertilizer doses compromised the growth and consequently the lettuce production, where the maximum production of the commercial part was 43.0 g plant ̵¹, being obtained with the treatment of 75% of the combination of the most mineral fertilizer doses. Biofertilizer.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of perennial species as gliciridia (Gliricidia sepium) and inga-xixica (Inga heteraphylla) and the performance of the biomass production of herbaceous species such as crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.) and jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC.), used for green manure. Monitoring of species growth was followed for six months. To evaluate the biomass, the plants were pruned close to the soil, where the total plant material was obtained to determine the green mass weight, and four samples were taken from each plot to obtain the dry mass. The final height growth for inga-xixica was 0.77 m and 1.81 m for gliricidia. Absolute growth rates (TCA) for total height (Ht) differ between both species, in which the average of gliricidia has the highest value, 5.06 cm mes-1 in Ht, and that of inga-xixica is 2.68 cm mes-1. In the total biomass evaluation there was a difference between the two species, both for green and dry mass, with the best jack beans biomass in the two evaluations with the highest fresh biomass productivity of 8.6 t ha-1 and dry 1.6 t ha-1. For use in green manure, the perennial species gliricidia, which presented the best dendrometric parameters, and the herbaceous species jack beans, with the highest biomass production.

Macroalgae are important beings in their habitats, because they have great ecological relevance. In the aquatic ecosystems, they are source of nutrients and the main photosynthetic organisms. The Pacheco beach in Caucaia, a municipality in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza-CE, composes the coastal plain of the Brazilian Northeast. In this region, it is common for the macroalgae that have detached from their substrate to accumulate during low tide, called algae arribadas. This aim of this work was to identify the algae arribadas community of Praia do Pacheco by evaluating its nutritional potential for the formulation of fertilizer for plants. In this perspective, two manual collections were carried out during the low tide. One in April 2017 and the other in October 2018. The samples were identified and, subsequently, three of the species of higher incidence were analyzed in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients. It was obtained eighteen taxa, being: fourteen red algae, two green algae and two brown algae. The species found in greater quantity were Hypnea pseudomusciformis, Gracilaria cearensis and Ulva fasciata. When analyzed, it was found that there are high nutrients with potential for agricultural purposes. The studied region presented a rich environment in macroalgae and in biomass that must be used in a conscious way to guarantee its sustainability.

The objective of this study was to perform the morphometric characterization and classification of common bean seeds, Carioca, Gordo, Ovo-de-rola and Preto varieties, for agroecological cultivation. The research was carried out during the month of October, 2018, in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Center of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences of the State University of Paraíba, located in the municipality of Lagoa Seca, Paraíba. Creole seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of the Carioca, Gordo, Ovo-de-rola and Preto varieties were used by producers in the region of Montadas, Paraíba, during the 2018 harvest. For each variety, four subsamples of 50 seeds were taken, totaling 200 units. The results showed that, among the bean varieties, the Feijão Gordo variety showed the best results, being 13,6 mm long, 7,2 mm wide, 6,3 mm thick and 0,40 g mass.

Biodiesel has stood out as one of the most viable options to promote the gradual reduction of consumption of fossil fuels. In this context, microalgae appear as promising raw material, since they have a higher lipid yield than the oleaginous ones used in the production of this biofuel, as well as the bioremediation of wastewater and high absorption of CO2. However, the high cost of nutrients used in the preparation of culture mediums makes it difficult to implement on a real scale. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of the microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus in three culture medium: two synthetic, Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM) and Wright’s Cryptophyte (WC), and one alternative culture with anaerobic effluent from the domestic sewage of the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, in order to minimize costs and to make production viable of biodiesel. According to the results obtained, the UASB effluent culture obtained the highest cell density and did not show statistically significant differences in relation to the synthetic media, which reveals a viable culture alternative. In view of this, it was concluded that the use of liquid waste from the anaerobic domestic sewage treatment can increase the viability of the crops for the production of biodiesel, since they allow cost reduction by replacing synthetic media.

The aim of this research was to evaluate colony maintenance of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.), artificially fed in off-season. Twenty-two Africanized bee colonies housed in Langstroth hives were used and fed weekly on individual feeders with energetic (syrup) and protein (slurry ration) feed. The energy feed was composed of sugar and water at a concentration of 1:1. For protein feeding, three diets were formulated: treatment 2 (5.8% soybean, 11.8% wheat and 11.8% corn); treatment 3 (9.8% soybean, 9.8% wheat and 9.8% corn); and treatment 4 (14.7% soybean, 7.35% wheat and 7.35% corn) and beebread was used as a control treatment. The colonies were reviewed fortnightly. Was rated feed intake and the development of colonies by comb brood. It was found that there was no abandonment swarm during the experiment period. Control and treatment 2 were the most consumed diets, with the control treatment (beebread) showing a statistically significant difference from treatment 3 and treatment 4, and did not differ statistically from treatment 2. Treatment 3 and treatment 4 had the highest amounts of soy in the composition. It was verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the average of comb brood between the treatments. Artificial feeding in the off-season provides maintenance of Apis mellifera bee colonies.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (OEs) of mint (Mentha piperita L.), green peppermint (Mentha spicata L.) and peppermint arvensis (Mentha arvensis L.) in the growth of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., and in the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tuiuiu. For each essential oil (OE), concentrations of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%. The fungicide Derosal Plus® it is constituted the positive control at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. The variables analyzed were mycelial growth, sporulation, percentage of germination, blotter test, rate of emergence (IVE), shoot length and primary root, total fresh biomass, dry shoot and root biomass. Mentha OEs totally inhibited mycelial growth and fungal spore production. Mentha OEs had an inhibitory effect on seed germination and IVE, as well as reducing shoot length in bean plants. On the other hand, the oils did not affect the attributes total fresh biomass, dry shoot biomass, as well as the length of the primary root. Regarding sanity, all treatments promoted a lower incidence of fungi Aspergillus spp.; Alternaria spp.; Cladosporium spp. Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. when compared to the negative control.

Urban growth has increasingly altered the natural characteristics of ecosystems in populated areas, resulting in the reduction of natural areas and biodiversity. To minimize the negative impacts of urban sprawl, green areas and protected areas are created. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the importance of urban green in the urban area of João Pessoa, Paraíba, for the conservation of biodiversity in a population cluster. The method consisted of exploratory and explanatory research, with bibliographic survey of public access and field work in green areas, parks, squares, forest remnants, preservation areas and Conservation Units. We identified 85 tree and palm species from 34 different families, seven of which were endangered. Thirty six bird species, nine reptile species and eight mammal species were also identified. An interaction between specific groups of fauna and species of flora was found. The urban green of João Pessoa-PB contributes to the conservation of native flora and endangered species; there are groups of birds, mammals and reptiles using urban green for food, shelter or feeding, and; the municipality has a diversity of relevant species, yet there is a need to create protected areas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of agroecosystems dedicated to milk production in the municipality of Santana do Livramento - RS, as a way to clarify ecological and socioeconomic results to identify alternatives to aid producers in promoting sustainable development. Milk production in the municipality has been facing several problems, among which are the increased production cost and low value paid for the product, which threaten the future of this productive segment. Sustainability was evaluated in four dairy farming units, through the Analysis and Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems, to verify systemic sustainability attributes in accordance with the Economic-Ecological Analysis Method of Agroecosystems. It was found that the highest rates of productive intensity were in environmentally friendly management systems, using Voisin Rational Grazing, which increases economic autonomy, productivity and, consequently, income and autonomy over production processes. It was observed that agroecosystems with higher productive diversity tend to have higher conditions of response to adversity. Gender inequality in the family precludes women's representativeness, which may further alienate younger family members from productive activities. It is noteworthy that in no family there is complete satisfaction with the productive activity of milk and the final income, due to the increase of production costs and reductions in the amount paid per liter of milk. In conclusion, the sustainability of agroecosystems and the promotion of sustainable development in the municipality is linked to the level of management approach from the perspective of agroecology.

Success in vegetables production is closely linked to the quality of seedlings, using substrates in placeof the soil in the formation of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of lettuce and arugula seedlings using substrates produced with vermicompost along with sawdust and rice husks as conditioning agents. Two experiments were carried in Vilhena, Rondônia, using a completely randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme with seven replicates, corresponding to three substrates and two cultivars, for both lettuce and arugula. The proportion of the material was 1: 3 of the total volume of soil, of poultry manure and conditioning agent, using the earthworm Californian Redworm (Eisenia foetida). For the cultivars, both lettuce and arugula, the height of seedlings, the diameter of the colon, dry mass of shoot, roots, and total were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the evaluated treatments in relation to the dry mass of the roots of Crespa cultivar lettuce, but for the American cultivar, the treatments using vermicompost with conditioning agent the sawdust or rice husk were superior to the commercial substrate in relation to dry mass of the roots. Among the cultivars of the arugula, no significant difference was observed between the treatments on the variables evaluated. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that substrates produced from vermicompost with sawdust and rice husks as conditioning agents can replace the commercial substrate during the production of lettuce and arugula.

Due to its biological nitrogen fixation capacity, soybean cultivation has shown higher yields with the inoculation of Rhizobium sp. bacteria. However, the inoculation process can be influenced by several factors, including the fertilization performed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of different fertilizations on nodulation and development of soybean plants. For this, the organic fertilizations, based on cattle manure and poultry litter, chemical fertilization and a control treatment were tested, with or without Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. It was evaluated the plant height, leaf number, plant dry matter and the number and dry matter of nodules. The treatments with cattle manure showed the best results in all variables, with or without seed inoculation. Cattle manure is an excellent choice for soybean fertilization, since it allows a greater plant development and a higher number of nodules contributing to a higher yield at the end of the crop cycle.

Melon has high expenses with mineral fertilizers, highlighting the possibility of using alternative products such as biofertilizers. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the productive response of yellow melon, analyzing its performance against the use of different concentrations of liquid biofertilizer in the Bahian semiarid. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications, with control and 5 concentrations of biofertilizer: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, applied via leaf in the culture. Eight sprays were performed 30 days after planting. The longitudinal and transverse fruit length, longitudinal cavity length, pulp thickness, average fruit weight, yield, soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/TA ratio were analyzed. The biofertilizer promoted increase of longitudinal length of fruits in increasing linear way, while the other variables were quadratically influenced, except for SS and SS/TA which presented cubic response. The use of liquid biofertilizer in the organic production system promotes improvements in the productivity and quality of melon.

The objective of this article is to discuss, as the PRONAF (National Program for Strengthening Family Farming) while it is a public policy of "Strengthening Family Farming" has contributed to the increase in the production of merchandise (commodities for export) in predominant areas of family farmers. Therefore, an investigation was carried out in areas of family agriculture not north of Rio Grande do Sul in 2017-18. Where, they will analyze some considerations on the agrarian structure, as well as the data of increase of the productivity and the area used in the production of the main export crops in the years 2000-2017. And also some considerations of the rural surroundings how this model of agriculture has degraded the environments, especially with the increase of the rates of application of pesticides to each year in Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil. As a result, it was observed that this model based on significant public financing has maintained rural poverty, indebtedness and dependence on some regions with strong primary production at the expense of other more industrialized regions. Finally, we present a discussion on the need to review the role of public policies that promote food security, recovery and environmental protection by promoting agroecology in areas with the presence of poor farmers in Brazil.

This study had the objective to test the effect of soil fertilization with curauá’s vegetal extract (Ananas erectifolius) over the growth of individuals of curauá and paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) planted in consortium. The work was carried out in the experimental field of the company Tramontina Belém, municipality of Aurora do Pará, PA, Brazil. The experiment followed a fully randomized experimental design, with five treatments and four repetitions per treatment, totaling 20 experimental plots. The adopted planting spacing was 4 x 3 m among individuals of paricá and 0.80 m x 0.80 m among plants of curauá. The five treatments consisted in different concentrations of curauá’s vegetal extract: 100% extract; 75% extract and 25% water; (3) 50% extract and 50% water; (4) 25% extract and 75% water and (5) a control with 100% water. The curauá’s vegetal extract was applied in a monthly basis during six months and the assessed variables were: number and length of curauá’s leaves and height and diameter of paricá. From the results obtained, it is possible to observe that there was a positive effect of soil fertilization when the curauá’s vegetal extract was used in the concentration of 25% over the number and length of curauá’s leaves, as well as it is possible to infer that positive results occurred in the concentration of 75% over growth in height and diameter of paricá. The curauá’s vegetal extract can be used as organic fertilizer in consortium plantings, however studies in more detail are necessary to permit indications of more efficient concentrations for the growth of individuals of curauá and paricá.

Environmental deterioration threatens biodiversity, natural resources, population well-being and therefore the services that ecosystems can provide. The present study aimed to evaluate the degree of environmental deterioration in stretches of the upper Rio Pajeú in the municipality of Itapetim, Pernambuco suggesting corrective measures to the deteriorated environment. Data collection was carried out through on-site visits and interviews with farmers using the Environmental Diagnostic Questionnaire (Environmental Factor + Priority Factor). The environmental deterioration was 13% due to the ecologically inadequate use of natural resources. The main priorities reported were low productivity, lack of medical and dental care and problems related to water availability. As a general prognosis, it is suggested to encourage public policies aimed at rural associations as a way of inserting appropriate watershed management practices and environmental education actions that aim at the valorization of existing natural resources. It is concluded that there are ecologically in-adequate rural subsistence and urban growth practices that threaten the maintenance of ecosystem services in Itapetim, Pernambuco.

The consumption of fresh fruit is increasing worldwide due to factors that lead to changes in people's eating habits, such as health care and nutritional aspects of food. The present work aimed to evaluate the quality, quantify the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of noni fruits in five maturation stages. The work was developed in the Laboratory of Technology of Products of Vegetable Origin of the Center of Sciences and Technology of Food of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the Campus of Pombal - PB. The fruits came from plantations located in the city of Fortaleza - CE, being harvested directly in the canopy of the plant, taking the color of the bark as the harvest index. Physical, physical-chemical evaluations of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in fruits were performed. The experimental design used was completely randomized (p˂0.05). Physico-chemical characteristics of soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and SS / AT ratio, increased with advancing maturation. For bioactive compounds, the ascorbic acid content increased considerably with advancing maturation, as well as representative values for phenolic compounds. The fruits studied showed antioxidant properties, increasing the reducing power with ripening. It is concluded that the evaluated fruits presented considerable amounts of biologically active compounds, which can constitute a good source of natural antioxidants.

For many years, crop and livestock production were the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon Region, mainly after the developmentalist policies for the Amazon region in the 60s. In this context, the objective was to analyze, from 2002 to 2017, the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover in Maranhão municipalities located in the Legal Amazon. The study took place in 170 municipalities that are part of the territory of the Legal Amazon. For the application of the correlation coefficient, data referring to deforested areas, total area used in agriculture and number of cattle were used. The data of territorial area and population estimation of the municipalities of larger deforested area were also used. Deforestation in the Legal Amazon in Maranhão was significantly reduced by 131,428 hectares from 2002 to 2017. In contrast, the number of cattle and the area used for agriculture increased from 4.33 to 7.098. million and 1.052 to 1.573 million hectares, respectively. Deforestation of the Legal Amazon in Maranhão, in 16 years, was largely (70%) concentrated in 25 municipalities, mainly those located near important federal highways or with easy access to other states, such as Pará. Although, deforestation indicators in Legal Amazon located in Maranhão, indicate that there is a reduction in 16 years, it is necessary to pay attention to sustainable development in agriculture, that is, balance between the economic, ecological and social, because there is much that can still be preserved. Appropriate environmental oversight in state boundary areas, which show a strong tendency to environmental impacts associated with deforestation, is also important.

With the aim of performing a critical analysis of its agrarian characteristics with emphasis in its agroecological potential in municipal district of São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, a study was performed through the application of 72 questionnaires to family farmers in six of the eight municipal districts. Most farmers presented pomeranian ancestry. Agriculture was considered familiar both due to farms’ sizes and due to family participation, especially farmers’ sons, in rural activities. Most farms were obtained through inheritance. The crop considered the most important to financial health was tobacco, although such crop occupied smaller areas than pastures, corn and soy, respectively. All farmers utilize chemical inputs in production, although all of them were open to a change to a more sustainable way of farming, specially due to health concerns. Most farmers do not have the perception that conventional farming can be prejudicial to the environment. São Lourenço do Sul can be considered as a possible resistance front to rural exodus and an important center for the development of public policies aiming the support of a more sustainable agricultural production.