RCAAP Repository

The four zoeal and one megalopal stages of the wharf crab Armases benedicti (Rathbun, 1897) larvae reared in the laboratory are described and illustrated in detail. The mean duration for each larval stage was 3, 2, 4, 4 and 13 days, respectively. The duration of the larval period from hatching to the first juvenile was 26 days. Morphologically, A. benedicti is very similar to the reported species of genus. However, a small lateral spine is clearly observed in the carapace of zoeal stages of this species. This feature appears to be unique among the family Sesarmidae. Another distinctive character for this species is the zoeal setation of the maxilla endopod (2+2) in which most of the sesarmids have setation (2+3) except for Sesarma tetragonum (Fabricius, 1798). Other comparisons with previous larval studies of the genus Armases Abele, 1992 are briefly discussed.

Cosmoplatidius Gounelle, 1911 e suas espécies são redescritos. Novos sinônimos: C. mandibularis Gounelle, 1911 = C. simulans (Bates, 1870) comb. nov.; C. ochraceus Linsley, 1961 = C. sellatus (White, 1853). Nova espécie descrita: C. abare sp. nov. do Peru, Bolívia, Brasil (Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso). Acrescenta-se chave para identificação das espécies.

Pinnixa gracilipes Coelho, 1997 is a small pinnotherid crab living in association with ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia Felder & Rodrigues, 1993 in the northeastern region of Pará State, Brazil. Larvae of P. gracilipes were reared in the laboratory from hatching to the megalopa stage. The complete zoeal period averaged 24 days. Mean duration for each larval stage was 5, 4, 4, 5 and 6 days, respectively. In the present study, five zoeal and megalopal stages are described and illustrated in detail. Morphological comparisons with previous reported works on Pinnotheridae larvae are briefly discussed.

O crescimento de Aegla jarai foi analisado com objetivo de contribuir com informações referentes ao perfil bio-ecológico do caranguejo. As coletas foram realizadas de julho de 2001 a setembro de 2002 no Ribeirão Espíngarda, localizado no Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os espécimes foram separados por sexo e medidos quanto ao comprimento do cefalotórax e, após a biometria, devolvidos ao ribeirão. O modelo de von Bertalanffy foi utilizado para estimar o crescimento em tamanho através da progressão das modas resultando nas curvas de crescimento Ct = 25,11 [1- e - 0,0082 (t + 29,02)] (para os machos e Ct = 23,33 [1- e - 0,0048 (t + 46,45)] (para as fêmeas). As curvas baseadas nas médias também foram obtidas: Ct = 23,56 [1- e - 0,0101 (t + 19] (para os machos) e Ct = 22,69 [1- e - 0,0052 (t + 40,95)] (para as fêmeas). O recrutamento estendeu -se durante a primavera (outubro, novembro e dezembro) e no início do verão (janeiro). Na população de A. jarai, os machos atingiram tamanhos superiores e apresentaram uma taxa de crescimento maior do que as fêmeas. A longevidade, para ambos os sexos, foi estimada em dois anos.

We sampled fish and measured environmental variables in the Sepetiba Bay, a tropical embayment at Southeastern Brazil. The aim was to assess environmental influences on distribution of four abundant species of Sciaenidae Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823), Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus (Metzelaar, 1919), Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830) and Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) to test the habitat partition hypothesis. Samples were taken between June 1993 and July 1996, at three bay zones (outer, central and inner). Depth was the most important environmental variable to influence fish distribution, followed by transparency. M. furnieri showed significant negative correlation to depth, transparency and salinity, while C. gracilicirrhus showed the opposite situation. The highest densities of C. leiarchus occurred in the lowest temperature, while M. americanus did not showed preferences for any of the examined environmental variables. Spatial separation, mainly between M. furnieri and C. gracilicirrhus, seems to be the strategy developed to coexist in the Sepetiba Bay, with M. furnieri being more adapted to copy with harsh environmental conditions of the inner bay. The other three species, which use mostly the outer bay zone, seem to be restricted to more stable conditions, where influences from oceanic waters are more intense.

Two new tichostrongylid nematodes of the family Viannaiidae Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1981 coparasites in Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, 1832 from the State of Amazonas, Brazil, are described: Viannella trichospicula sp. nov. is differentiated from the other species of the genus by the extreme slenderness of its spicules. Avellaria intermedia sp. nov. is distinguished from the single type species Avellaria avellari Freitas & Lent, 1934, by a smaller number of cuticular ridges (17 versus 27), a higher ratio of spicule length/ body length (8% versus 5.6%) and spicules with a single tip. This genus, synonymized with the genus Viannella Travassos, 1918, by Durette-Desset (1968) is re-established, the female being didelphic. It is the first record of a nematode of the family Viannaiidae in a host of the family Dasyproctidae Bonaparte, 1838.

This is the first report of a species of Echinuria Soloviev, 1912, on anatid hosts in South America, causing granulomas. It is also the first detailed description and record of a species of Echinuria, for South America in the Rosy-billed Pochard, Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816). Fifty-two rosy-billed pochards were examined for helminths in the Municipalities of Santa Vitória do Palmar (locality of Fazenda Sossego) and (locality of Ponta da Antena), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and Alvear, Province of Corrientes, northern Argentina. Samples were obtained from 2003 to 2004. After the catch each bird was immediately frozen with dry ice. Prior to necropsy birds were sexed, weighted, measured, and the state of maturity (juvenile or adult) determined, based on the presence or absence of a bursa of Fabricius. The granulomas with the nematodes were found in the proximal esophagus at the junction with the proventriculus. Two birds had one (fistulated) and two granulomas, respectively. One of the birds was from the wintering grounds along the coastal region in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The other, from one of the breeding grounds in northern Argentina, was captured before the trip to the wintering grounds along the migratory flyway. Prevalence was 3.8% while the mean intensity of infection was 7.2. Morphometry of males and females and the comparison with previous descriptions and illustrations allowed the identification of the present specimens as E. uncinata.

The male of Aillutticus rotundus Galiano, 1987 is described for the first time and new records are presented from the states of Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, five new species of this genus are described from Brazil: A. knysakae sp. nov. from the states of Minas Gerais, Piauí and Tocantins, A. montanus sp. nov. from the state of Minas Gerais, A. raizeri sp. nov. from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, A. soteropolitano sp. nov. from the state of Bahia, and A. viripotens sp. nov. from the states of Rondônia and Tocantins.

Objetivou-se estudar a biologia de Automeris illustris (Walker, 1855), um hemileucíneo polifitófago considerado praga secundária da eucaliptocultura e cujas lagartas podem provocar erucismo. Os parâmetros biológicos foram obtidos em condições controladas de temperatura: 25 ± 1ºC, UR 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas, com observações diárias. Foram avaliados, em cada fase de desenvolvimento, aspectos morfológicos e etológicos, duração e viabilidade. Para relacionar as plantas hospedeiras foram reunidos dados de material coletado em campo e já referidos em bibliografia. Nas condições de laboratório observou-se que o ciclo de vida necessitou de aproximadamente 121 dias, cujos períodos médios das fases de ovo, lagarta, pré-pupa, pupa e adulta foram de 10,60; 80,56; 3,58; 19,17 e 7,83 dias, respectivamente. As lagartas passaram por seis ínstares e tiveram uma razão média de crescimento de 1,47. Observou-se um alto grau de polifitofagia sendo relacionadas 51 plantas hospedeiras pertencentes a 28 famílias. O potencial biótico foi estimado em 8.719.556 indivíduos ao ano.

The genus Psalistopoides Mello-Leitão, 1934, previously a junior synonym of Pselligmus Simon, 1892, is revalidated. Psalistopoides fulvimanus Mello-Leitão, 1934 is redescribed and new distribution records are presented. In addition, P. emanueli sp. nov. is described from the State of Paraná, Brazil.

O gênero Cycloneda Crotch, 1871 e as espécies brasileiras foram estudadas, incluindo a redescrição do gênero e diagnoses das espécies: C. sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763), C. ancoralis (Germar, 1824), C. pulchella (Klug, 1829) e C. bioculata Korschefsky, 1938. Os caracteres morfológicos do gênero e espécies foram ilustrados. Foram designados lectótipos para C. ancoralis e C. pulchella. É apresentada chave de identificação para as espécies e mapas de distribuição geográfica.

Commensalism between Corydalus Latreille, 1802 (Megaloptera, Corydalidae) and Corynoneura Winnertz, 1846 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) larvae was recorded in Indaiá stream, at 1,380 m a.s.l. (Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, 19º-20ºS, 43º-44ºW) and in the headwaters of São Francisco river, at 1,300-1,700 m a.s.l. (Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, 20º00'-20º30'S, 46º15'-47º00'W), in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Seventy eight Corydalus larvae (range 22-88 mm) were sampled: 61 in the Indaiá stream and 17 in other two streams. Twelve Corydalus larvae (22-79 mm) in the Indaiá stream and three out of 15 larvae in the headwaters of São Francisco river (38-50 mm) had Corynoneura, larvae and pupae on their gills (3rd to 6th) and a few larvae attached to the abdominal segments of larger Corydalus larvae (> 25 mm). Sixty-nine larvae of Corynoneura were found in the regurgitated material from Corydalus. It is remarkable that by attaching to larger body size predators, prey could become free from predator bouts and could also be transported by them.

The reproductive cycle of the irregular echinoid Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) was studied in populations from two sand beaches with different morphodynamic conditions in Parana coast, from February 1992 through July 1994. Gametogenesis was described by histological and gonad index methods and the differences between both populations were observed in the extension of nutrient storage and spawning period. Both populations exhibited a main reproductive period during spring/summer and a nutrient storage period during autumn/winter months. The spawning period at the intermediate-dissipative beach was shorter than at the reflective beach. Meanwhile, a nutrient storage stage was more extensive in the latter. Gonad index varied between both sexes and it was influenced by population characteristics. Different strategies in allocation of resources between maintenance and reproduction effort (oocyte size) confirm the high adaptive plasticity developed by this species to live in contrasting beach environments.

Confirma-se o registro de Histiotus montanus montanus (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, considerando-se que até a presente data, não era conhecida sua área de ocorrência no Estado. Os exemplares examinados são provenientes dos municípios de Bagé, Ilópolis e Pinheiro Machado o que caracteriza ampla distribuição geográfica no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

A primeira ocorrência de Histiotus montanus (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) para o Estado do Paraná é reportada. Um macho adulto foi coletado com rede de neblina (em abrigo de forro de casa) em um remanescente de campo natural no Município de Palmas, no Sul do Paraná. Aspectos morfológicos e alguns aspectos biológicos desta espécie são também mostrados.

Registra-se a presença de Hololepta (Leionota) reichii Marseul, 1853 em colméias de abelhas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera, Apidae) num meliponário experimental situado no km 8 da Rodovia BR 174, em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Descreve-se o comportamento exibido por H. (Leionota) reichii durante intensa atividade predatória sobre larvas e pupas de meliponíneos em condições artificiais e monitoradas.

Morphological alterations in six different species of females Culicoides Latreille, 1809 and one of Monohelea Kieffer, 1917 from Brazil, Mexico, Panama and Peru are described. The correlation of the morphological changes with the taxonomy and behavior of the species is discussed.

Foram descritas e analisadas as distribuições altitudinais das seis espécies de Drymophila Swainson, 1824, endêmicas da Mata Atlântica e identificados e discutidos os casos de simpatria. Para isso, foram usados dois conjuntos de dados, um em escala local (a Serra dos Órgãos, um segmento da Serra do Mar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro) e outro em escala regional (Mata Atlântica). Os registros e as altitudes na Serra dos Órgãos foram obtidos diretamente no campo enquanto que os dados da Mata Atlântica foram obtidos principalmente a partir de exemplares depositados em museus de história natural. Os dois conjuntos de dados mostraram um padrão similar de distribuição altitudinal das espécies: D. squamata (Lichtenstein, 1823) e D. ferruginea (Temminck, 1822) nas menores altitudes, D. malura (Temminck, 1825), D. ochropyga (Hellmayr, 1906) e D. rubricollis (Bertoni, 1901) com limites altitudinais semelhantes entre si e intermediários em relação às demais espécies e D. genei (Filippi, 1847), restrita às maiores altitudes. A maior parte das localidades na Mata Atlântica e pontos de observação na Serra dos Órgãos apresenta apenas uma ou duas espécies. Isso sugere que, embora possam ocorrer nas mesmas áreas ou localidades, as espécies tendem a se excluir. Drymophila squamata e D. malura foram as espécies que menos vezes ocorreram em simpatria proporcionalmente, nas duas escalas de análise. A simpatria entre as espécies irmãs D. ochropyga-D. genei e D. ferruginea-D. rubricollis ocorreu em localidades nas Serras do Mar e da Mantiqueira, sempre em faixas altitudinais estreitas, nunca superiores a 300 m de intervalo.

Têm-se notado vários estudos recentes em filogenia com os Cuculiformes, no entanto nestes trabalhos ainda há divergências. Apresenta-se aqui uma nova e ampla análise filogenética para os Cuculiformes com base em 250 caracteres da osteologia, comportamento e ecologia. Esta análise resultou em 18 cladogramas igualmente parcimoniosos (768 passos, IC = 0.4779, IR = 0.8080 e ICR = 0.3861). De acordo com o cladograma de consenso estrito se pode observar: a) o monofiletismo dos Cuculiformes; b) a ordem dividida em dois grupos: a) Coua/Carpococcyx e; b) demais cucos (Neomorphidae, (Crotophagidae, (Tapera/Dromoccoccyx, (Cuculidae))), no entanto a posição sistemática de Centropus é ambígua entre estes dois grandes grupos; c) os cucos terrestres basais e parafiléticos e os cucos arbóreos derivados e monofiléticos. Ainda, propõe-se que o comportamento de parasitar ninho tenha surgido duas vezes independentemente (uma em Tapera/Dromoccoccyx e outra dentro de Cuculidae).

The catalogue of type specimens of the phyla Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Rotifera deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to July, 2005. A total of three holotypes and six lots of paratypes of three species of Acanthocephala; nine holotypes and 16 lots of paratypes of nine species of Nematoda; and 12 holotypes, six lectotypes, nine lots of paratypes and five lots of paralectotypes of 23 species and subspecies of Rotifera are listed. Specific and subspecific names are listed alphabetically within family, followed by bibliographic citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number, locality data (host and site of infection for parasitic species), and remarks where appropriate. A list of references containing the papers in which the taxa were first described is furnished.