RCAAP Repository

This research was carried out in a 130 km2 area, in the Juá village, south of the Irauçuba town. The Northeast of Brazil, specially the countryside, is marked by arid climate and irregular distribution of rain. The captation of groundwater is normally the only solution to provide water during dry weather. To minimize the natural errors that occur during the location of a well we made detailed analysis of the reptile structures that affect the Precambrian terrains. Lithologically it is constituted by igneous and metamorphic rocks belonging to the Migmatitic and Pelitic-Carbonatic Units. These rocks were reworked during the Brasilian Event, which registered both ductile and ruptile structures. In these terrains the “hydrological domain of the crystalline” is represented, in which the groundwater is controlled by ruptile structures that may be interconnected to the point of acquiring enough secondary porosity to facilitate the percolation and the storing of fluids. The structural characterization of these ruptile features was made in a detailed scale by means of the “linear-meter” technique. The remote sensing images study consisted on the application of digital processing techniques, as well as terrestrial geophysics by means of electromagnetic profiles. The structural trends obtained by satellite images are compatible with the results taken from fracturing data. The main fracture sets are N-S and E-W and secondarily, NE-SW and NW-SE. Geophysical studies revealed conductive zones related to the presence of subsurface fractures. Data integration led to two potentially important areas for hydrogeological exploration, which correspond to the C-01 (north of Juá) and C-04 (Juá) concentrations.

It is increasing in the entire globe, the preoccupation with the environment, where we emphasize in this work the preoccupation with the vulnerability and risk to pollution of Medium Aquifer System in the region between Crato and Missão Velha towns, Cariri Valley, Araripe Basin, Ceará. The studied area is located at the south portion of Ceará State, in the basis of Araripe Plateau, which influences very much its weather. The access, from Fortaleza, can be done by terrestrial through the BR-116 or CE-060 highway, known as cotton road, and by aerial way. The objective of the work is to evaluate the vulnerability and risk to pollution of Medium Aquifer System. The methodology adopted is basic, divided in six stages: literature revision, elaboration of a well archive of the area, confection of preliminary maps, field stages, treatment and integration of data. The water supply on the area is in almost entirely done by groundwater. In the southern region of Ceará is situated one of the best Aquifer Systems that is the Medium Aquifer System, target of the research. The formation of Araripe Basin began at the Paleozoic going until the Mesozoic, where it has from the bottom to the top the following geologic formations: Mauriti, Brejo Santo, Missão Velha, Abaiara, Rio da Batateira, Santana, Arajara and Exu. Starting by the characterization of the geologic formations, the inaccurate description of most part of the geologic sections of the drilled wells and the shallow depth reached by the wells, it was adopted the following hydrogeologic division in Araripe Sedimentary Basin: Superior Aquifer System (Exu and Arajara Formations); Santana Aquiclude; Medium Aquifer System (Rio da Batateira, Abaiara and Missão Velha Formations); Brejo Santo Aquiclude; and Inferior Aquifer System (Mauriti Formation and bottom part of Brejo Santo Formation).The methodology adopted to the elaboration of the vulnerability and natural risk map of the Medium Aquifer System was the GOD, where is used three basic parameters: “G” aquifer condition (free, semi-confined, confined or there is no aquifer); “O” global characterization of the aquifer in relation to consolidation degree and lithologic nature (of the unsaturated zone); and “D” depth until the freatic level or confined aquifer top (unsaturated zone). The indices of the vulnerability of Medium Aquifer System had varied of Negligível the Extremity of vulnerability, being in the generality of Negligível and Baixa, explained for the occurrence of argillaceous layers giving a bigger natural protection to the system. The elaboration of the map of natural vulnerability the contamination facilitated the identification of the areas more or less susceptíveis to the contamination. The polluting load risk was taken in consideration to the number of some potential activities of pollution, not taking in consideration the amount of polluting loads, being possible to make a comparative degree of risk between the cities. The area of the city of Juazeiro do Norte is the one that presents a bigger risk of contamination for presenting zones of High vulnerability and raised loads of pollutants, followed of Barbalha, Crato and Missão Velha.

MENEZES, Mariana Ferreira de; XIMENES, Maria Odete Carneiro. Caracterização biométrica e merística do pirá, Alacanthus plumieri (Bloch), em frente ao Estado do Ceará. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 17, n.1, p. 69-74, jun. 1977.

This work proposes a study of a new static converter topology with two stages, where the first is an AC-DC converter with PFC and the second is a DC-DC converter isolated in high-frequency. In addition, the static converter has a secondary power flow to achieve a better efficiency from the system. The two converter’s stages are modeled as differential equations, and through those models nonlinear control techniques are developed for close loop operation. The power-factor correction in the first stage is performed by the PBC (passivity-based control) control technique, while the output voltage from the first stage is performed by the I&I (immersion and invariance) control. As the second stage is a DC-DC converter, it only needs to control the output voltage, which is achieved through the backstepping control.

VIEIRA, Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes; TELLES, Francisco José Siqueira. Estudo da flora bacteriana dos camarões Xyphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) e Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 17, n.1, p. 41-43, jun. 1977.

O pargo, Lutjanus purpureus Poey, é uma espécie de grande importância comercial que vem sendo submetida a níveis muito elevados de esforço nas áreas de pesca do nordeste brasileiro {Ivo, 1976). Tal fato tem-se refletido no aumento gradual da participação de indivíduos jovens na captura, o que desde já torna necessário obter-se os subsídios para medidas de regulamentação a serem adotadas com urgência. O tamanho e idade mínimos de captura são parâmetros muito importantes para a administração da pesca de estoques comerciais, pois através da execução das medidas adequadas é possível manter a população com uma taxa de renovação equivalente àquela de produção máxima sustentável. No presente trabalho determinamos o tamanho e a idade mínimos de captura a partir dos quais o estoque deve começar a ser explorado, tendo em vista a obtenção e manutenção da captura anual máxima sustentável. Ao mesmo tempo, utilizando o valor relativo ao tamanho mínimo, determinamos a participação absoluta e relativa dos indivíduos com comprimentos acima e abaixo do mesmo, na produção total para a espécie.

MOTA, Maria Helena Gomes; VIEIRA, Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes. Eletroforese de proteínas da hemolinfa das lagostas Panulirus argus (Latreille) e Panulirus lirus Laevicauda (Latreille), no Estado do Ceará. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 17, n.1, p. 45-47, jun. 1977.

KLEIN, Vera Lucia Mota. Sobre a composição e abundância relativa do plâncton, na plataforma continental do Estado do Ceará. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 17, n.1, p. 21-27, jun. 1977.

FONTELES FILHO, Antonio Adauto. Uso da equação exponencial para o cálculo do coeficiente de mortalidade total do pargo, Lutjanus purpureus Poey, ao largo do nordeste do Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.1, p.31-44, jun. 1976.

MENEZES, Mariana Ferreira de. Aspectos biológicos da serra, Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill), capturada por currais-de-pesca. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.1, p.45-48, jun 1976.

Presently, a cashew disease known as gummosis, caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, deserves special attention due to its infection to branches and trunks of woody plants imposing significantly reduction in nut yield. As the importance of disease increases, it becomes of fundamental importance the development of epidemiological studies to understand the ecological aspects involved on disease establishment and progress. This work aimed to study gummosis dynamics in time and space in three different clones of cashew. Patterns of dispersion in space and disease progress on time, as well as the components involved on these models such as disease progress curve, maximum disease intensity, area under the disease progress curve and the point of initial disease were studied analyzed in order to compare epidemics in the three clones with different disease reactions. The study was conducted in a commercial cashew farm in Pio IX district in Piaui state, Brazil. Gummosis incidence and severity data of collected from 2002 to 2007 were used for both time and space analyses for BRS 226, Embrapa 51 and Faga 11 clones. Disregarding differences in disease occurrence and severity among clones, a random pattern of dispersion was observed at the beginning of the epidemic followed by the development of new foci and expansion of original foci. Later, a clustered pattern was observed. Clones showed different fitness to epidemic models accordingly with their degree of susceptibility. Comparison of epidemics based on their components have shown significant differences among clones, providing evidence for the potential use of host resistance as a means of gummosis control.

PAIVA, Melquíades Pinto. Estudo sobre a pesca de lagostas no Ceará, durante o ano de 1975 . Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 6, n. 2, p. 147-165, dez. 1966.

GESTEIRA, Tereza Cristina Vasconcelos. Um caso de deformação na coluna vertebral do pargo, Lutjanus Purpureus POEY. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 59, jun. 1976.

This research was carried out in order to obtain basic data that can help them understand the physiological, biochemical and cytochemical responsible for the deterioration of aged seeds, reinvigoration of those primed and inhibition of germination and seedling establishment of sorghum under salt stress and study some of the mechanisms of adaptation to stress. The first chapter studies the effects of water stress (0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa) and saline (0, 75, 150 and 300 mM NaCl) on germination and seed vigor two genotypes of sorghum (CSF 18 and CSF 20). In the second and third chapter, to assess the quality of the seeds in the laboratory and the establishment of sorghum seedlings in the field, respectively, used a completely randomized design with four replications and a 2 x 2, consisting of four treatments: 1. aged seeds, 2. aging seeds 3. aged seeds and osmotically conditioned and 4. aging seeds and osmotically conditioned. In the fourth study we evaluated the water uptake, germination and early growth of seedlings derived from seeds aged, primed and under salt stress (0, 100, 200 or 300 mM NaCl). In the fifth chapter cytochemical tests were performed on seeds of sorghum subjected to the treatments described in the fourth chapter, but under a salinity of only 100 mM. The same treatments were used in the sixth chapter to evaluate the effect of these factors on seedling establishment, absorption of ions, organic solutes accumulation, lipid peroxidation and changes in enzymatic antioxidant system in seedlings grown in hydroponics in the presence or absence of NaCl. The sorghum genotypes show differential tolerance to osmotic stress caused by PEG-6000 and by NaCl, and the sensitivity to them varies depending on the stage of plant development. The artificial aging and salt stress promote adverse effects on germination, vigor and stand establishment of sorghum, which can be partly alleviated by the technique of priming seeds. Salt stress leads to significant reductions in the quality of the seeds and early growth of sorghum seedlings, causing some cytochemical changes in the seeds and various biochemical and physiological changes in seedlings under hydroponic cultivation.

OLIVEIRA, Aida Maria Eskinazi de. Composição e distribuição da ictiofauna, nas águs estuarinas do Rio Jaguaribe (Ceará-Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 9-18, jun. 1976.

ARTHAUD, Michel Henri; MORAIS, Jader Onofre de; FREIRE, George Satander Sá. Distribuição espacial de minerais pesados na plataforma continental do Estado do Maranhão. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.1, p.49-54, jun 1976.

The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a plant of great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast Region due to the diversity of products generated for the fruit and peduncle and the amount of generated jobs. Despite this, there is no standardization in the cropping systems presently used, with negative consequences in the yield and quality of the raw material for consumption and for industry. The conversion of traditional orchards to the integrated-fruit-production system will contribute to minimize this scenery. The objective of this work was to compare the integrated fruit production (IFP) and the conventional cropping production (CP) systems in dwarf cashew orchards, as to nut yield and apple quality for fresh fruit market. The experiment was installed in a commercial orchard, located in Beberibe County, Ceará State, Brazil, at two isolated areas of approximately 0,5 hectare each, where the systems of IFP and CP had been developed. In the IFP system, cropping practices were applied according to the Legal Marks of Integrated Fruit Production in Brazil. In the CP system, cropping practices were applied accordingly with common used by local growers. Twelve plants were randomly selected in each area were used as experimental unit. For the yield analyses, the following variables characteristics had been analyzed: nut yield (kg/tree), nut number/tree and nut weight (g). For the apple analyses, production (kg/tree), number/plant and the average weight (g) were evaluated. For the qualitative characteristics, apple color, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C content and pH were evaluated. A completely randomized design, with two treatments and 12 replications, with one plant per plot, was used for evaluating yield characteristics. Similar design was used for quality characteristics, but only five replications with six apples per plot. Means were compared by test t (P≤0,05). Significant differences were observed for the variables cashew nut yield, number of commercial nuts and cashew nut total number. IFP mean were superior to the CP one. For the TA and vitamin C content variables, the IFP system was significantly superior to the CP ones. For the pH variable, a significant difference was observed between the averages of the systems, being the value gotten in the CP superior to the one of the IFP. The post-harvest quality of the cashew apples, the cashew nut production and cashew nut number had been influenced by the production systems.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of residual temporary cements on the microtensile bond strength of indirect composite resin build-ups employing two types of adhesive systems. Thirty non-carious human third molars were selected and the occlusal enamel was removed to produce flat dentin surfaces. The surfaces were coated with provisional restorations fixed with either eugenol-containing temporary cement (Temp Bond), or non-eugenol temporary cement (Freegenol). After one week, the provisional restorations and residual cement were removed with a dental probe and one specimen of each group was selected for evaluation by atomic force microscopy to investigate the presence of remnants of temporary cements. For the control groups, no provisional restorations were made. The dentin surfaces were cleaned with pumice and treated either with a total-etch (TE) adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2) or with a self-etch (SE) adhesive system (Adper Prompt). Composite resin build-ups (Filtek Z250) were fixed to the bonded dentin surfaces using resin luting cement (RelyX ARC). The bonded specimens were then cross-sectioned producing sticks of 0.9 mm2 of adhesive area. Microtensile bond strength testing was perfomed in a universal test machine at a rate of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. Optical microscopic images and scanning electron micrographs of fractured surfaces were obtained and recorded for fractographic analysis. Bond strength values were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-Student tests to detect significant differences between groups. The results showed a significant reduction on microtensile bond strength values when Temp Bond cement was employed in comparison with the control groups either for TE (p = 0.0331) or SE (p = 0.0267) adhesive systems. Total-etch groups showed significantly higher bond strength values than self-etch groups (p < 0.0001). Optical and scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed a majority of mixed fractures (67%). Adhesive failure at dentin-adhesive interface was significantly higher for SE groups than for TE groups (p = 0.0001). Atomic force microscopic images showed that residues of both temporary cements remained on dentin surfaces even after mechanical cleansing and treatment with acids. Bond strengths of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems were significantly lowered only when eugenol-containing temporary cement was used prior to bonding and cementation procedures.

Picnodysostosis (PKND) is a skeletal displasia characterized by short stature, osteosclerosis, acrosteolisis, craniofacial deformities and bone fragility. Approximately 200 cases have been described among different ethnic groups, with an estimated incidence of 1.7: 1.000.000 live births. The use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has advanced exponentially within recent years. Unbalance in the amount and composition of saliva may generate oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, and may also indicate important systemic alterations. This study has aimed to investigate the parameters of human whole saliva in patients with PKND. Our study sample consisted of 4 individuals with PKND (experimental group) and 4 healthy individuals without PKND (control group). Salivary flow rate, pH and protein profile were evaluated in this population. Non stimulated whole saliva was collected and centrifuged. The supernatant was separated and lyophilized and stored at -20°C for posterior total protein and bidimensional electroforetic analysis. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups (p<0,05) for the analyzed salivary parameters. When compared to the control group, individuals with PKND presented reduced salivary flow rate, lower pH values, reduced total protein concentration, and protein bands with differentiated expression. The results of this study suggest the existence of a differentiated pattern of salivary composition between groups.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the efficiency of the light-curing unit LED Elipar Freelight 2 (3M ESPE) on the light-curing composites resin Filtek® Z350, Z100® e Filtek® P60 (3M ESPE), using the halogen lamp (Ultralux – Dabi Atlante) as a control. The degree of conversion of the used resin was achieved through FT-Raman spectroscopy and through microhardness test Vickers. A cilidrical aluminum mold with diameter of 5mm and a depth of 10mm was used to build the samples, which were photoactivated only once for 40s (LH) and 20s (LED) and submitted to the scrap method, according to ISO 4049:2000. Three samples were built for each group (n=3). The samples were introduced to the epoxy resine and polished with a sequence of different grades of sandpaper to be able to the microhardness test Vickers. The test was done in 48 hours (imediate) and 6 days (mediate), after the photactivation the samples were kept in an ambient temperature and lack of light. Five indentations were made in the centre and the edge of the sample, from the top to the bottom loaded with 490,3mN for 15s. The direct analysis of the degree of conversion was done with a FT-Raman spectroscopy (Bruker, model RFS 100/S, pumped by a laser Nd:YAG in 1064nm) compared with relative intensities between C=C aromatic (1610cm-1) and C=C methacrylate (1640cm-1) on the surfaces of the top and bottom of the sample. The statistic analisys tests (ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls, t–Student and Bonferroni) was done to determinate the possible differences, considering the factors: resin, light source, evaluation moment and surface. Comparing the intragroup (LED x LH) of microhardness Vickers in 48h, only Group 2 (Z100) showed statistics difference with a higher ammount of hardness of the LH (85,51Kg/mm2 ). In the 6 days evaluation, all the groups showed statistics difference, comparing intragroup between two light sources, which the highest ammount of microhardness (94,39Kg/mm2) was from Group 2 (Z100) when LH was applied. There was not statistics differences of the ammount of microhardness of the surfaces on the top and on the bottom, in groups 2 (Z100) e 3 (P60) when LED was applied. The ammounts of the degree of conversion of the top surface were statistically different of the bottom surfaces. All of the studied groups, although, didn´t show statistics diference between the bottom surfaces. There was not statistics difference about the degree of conversion of the groups, between the two light sources. Although, Group I (Z350) showed the lower degree of conversion (53,30Kg/mm2) on the top surface, when LH was applied comparing to the Group II (Z100) e III (P60). Based on these results, it is concluded that the increments of the composite resin of until 2.4mm of thickness is ideal to obtain ammounts of suitable microhardness in all the composites resin analysed; and the LED Elipar Freelight 2 is an alternative light source wich substitutes the halogen lamp, able to produce suitable degree of conversion in different composites resin.