RCAAP Repository

Photodynamic therapy is a concept of treatment, suggested by the literature as a potential therapy capable of inactivating microbial. Thus, this study assessed the efficacy of photodynamic therapy on injuries of dentine caries by a in situ design of single phase. During 14 days, 20 volunteers wore intra-oral palatal devices containing six human dental dentine slabs. The volunteers wore asked to drop a 40% sucrose solution onto the slabs ten times per day, in order to simulate a cariogenic challenge and to use fluoride dentifrice three times per day. At the end of the experimental period the slabs were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: without sensitizer and light (S-L-); with sensitizer and without light (S+L-); without sensitizer and irradiated with 47J/cm2 energy density (S-L+47); without sensitizer and irradiated with 94J/cm2 energy density (S-L+94); with sensitizer and irradiated with 47J/cm2 energy density (S+L+47); and with sensitizer and irradiated with 94J/cm2 energy density (S+L+94). The sensitizer of choice was the toluidine blue O at 100 g/mL concentration and radiation originated from a light-emitting diode (LED) with a 638,8 nm predominant wavelength. Before and after the treatments, dentine samples were collected and analyzed to figure out the total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. The data of the counts were transformed into log10.The values of log reduction was achieved and the statistical differences identified by ANOVA One way and Tukey Kramer tests (p<0,05). In both analyses statistically significant difference between the microbial counts before and after treatment in groups (S-L+47), (S+L+94), (S+L+94) for all microorganisms tested are founded. It was concluded that PACT in the tested parameters was effective in promoting microbial death and that the exposure time of dentine to 10 minutes of light was also effective in microbial inactivation.

Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the occurrence of periodontal diseases. Studying the relationship of both diseases in different populations with heterogeneous characteristics are still necessary to better understand them. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the clinical periodontal parameters of type 2 diabetes patients with different levels of glycemic control. There were selected type 2 diabetics residing in the urban area of Sobral, Ceara. They must be non-smokers, aging 40 years or more and presenting at least and 6 teeth in their mouth. All had to be using any medication to control the glycemic level. Subjects were assigned to three groups based on their respective glycated hemoglobin levels - Hb1Ac (Control - C: Hb1Ac ≤ 7%, n=103; Moderate control - M: 7,1% ≤ Hb1Ac ≤ 9%, n= 60; Poor control = P: Hb1Ac ≥ 9,1%, n=22). The following clinical data were obtained from all patients: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and gingival recession (GR). The mean age, number of teeth, PI, GI and BOP did not show any significance between groups. But this was observed for Hb1Ac mean levels and time of diabetes diagnosis. The presence of at least one periodontal site with PD ≥ 6 mm was considered for the diagnosis of periodontitis. There was no association between the increase of the glycemic level and the presence of periodontitis. However, data from patients presenting at least 20 teeth showed a significant association between periodontal diseases and higher glycemic levels. It can be concluded that the poor glycemic control was associated to the presence of periodontitis only in subjects with high number of teeth.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogen strongly associated with the etiology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (Real Time-PCR) the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and fimA genotypes type II and type IV in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Forty individuals with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) (29.7 ± 8.1 years) were clinical analyzed through plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and microbiologically, by Real Time-PCR for the presence of Pg and fimA genotypes type II and type IV. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the interproximal periodontal sites (> PD and > CAL). The PD and CAL average of this sites were respectively: 9,5 ± 2,2 mm e 10,2 ± 2,8 mm. P. gingivalis was observed in 26 (65%) of individuals. FimA genotypes type II was detected in 16 (61,53%) while fimA genotypes type IV in 7 (26,92%) of those with P. gingivalis. However, no differences were observed between the clinical parameters of patients who presented or not the organism or its genotypes. There was also no association between the presence of genotypes and age or gender of patients. The data suggest an association between P. gingivalis fimA genotypes upon the occurrence of this microorganism in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Increasing levels of dental fluorosis are a major concern to public health authorities. The ability to discriminate fluorosis from other enamel modifications is an important factor to support decision makers in epidemiology and oral health. The main objective of this research is to investigate the ability of the odontologists working for the public health services in Fortaleza, to discriminate fluorosis from other enamel alterations, the severity of the disease and the correct clinical approach. Two hundred dentists out of 527 professionals of the public health services answered a semi-structured survey, based on the evaluation of 20 digitalized pictures showing enamel modifications. The presence or absence of fluorosis, as well as the severity of the disease were determined according to the Dean’s index. We were unable to detect an effect of the school of graduation (p>0.05) on the ability to diagnose fluorosis. However, the youngest, less experienced dentists performed better (p<0.05) for both fluorosis diagnosis and to determine to adequate clinical approach for each case. Also, odontologists working in the city health services were more likely to get higher scores compared to the ones working for the state services, with an average of correct answers for differential diagnosis of 7.70 ± 0.15. Although a few subjects achieved less than 30% of correct answers, pictures displaying more severe cases of fluorosis were more likely to result in correctly answered questions. The vast majority (90%) of the subjects reported to have a poor ability do diagnose fluorosis, although 75% had received information about that disease during undergraduation. The odontologists also displayed a very poor performance (2,71 ± 0,76) in defining the best clinical approach, and about 70% of them asked for specific training for correctly diagnose dental fluorosis. Based on the above results, we conclude that most dental surgeons working for the public health services in Fortaleza displayed a poor knowledge about dental fluorosis and lack an adequate training to diagnose and treat that disease. Similar researchs in other regions of Ceara should be performed in order to better identify the deficiencies of the public health services, at different levels.

The beneficial of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations in caries inhibition may be questioned due to F-dentifrice use and ageing of the restorations. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an ageing process on caries around cemento-enamel junction restorations in the presence of fluoride from RMGIC or dentifrice. Methods: A randomized double-blind crossover in situ study was performed in 2 phases of 14 days. Sixteen volunteers wore palatal devices containing dental slabs restored with composite resin (CR) or RMGIC, either aged or unaged. The slabs were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution, 10x/day and the volunteers used a non-F or an F-dentifrice 3x/day. The biofilm formed over the slabs was analyzed to determine the counts of total streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli as well as F-concentration. Results: Enamel demineralisation was determined by cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) at the margin of the restoration. Kruskal–Wallis and factorial ANOVA, followed by Tukey test, were used to data evaluation (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the cariogenic microbiota. F-concentration in biofilm was higher for RMGIC restorations. For enamel, higher demineralization around CR restorations was observed regardless dentifrice or ageing process. For dentine, higher demineralization was observed around aged RC restorations without F-dentrifice use. Conclusions: These results suggest that RMGIC restorations provided protection against secondary caries either for enamel and dentine, while ageing process affects caries development in dentine, increasing caries progression.

The current adhesive systems promote an immediate and effective bond strength to dental substrates, however, over time, there may be a degradation of that process, impacting negatively on the maintenance of resistance values. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) its widespread use in dentistry as an antimicrobial agent, however beyond acting disinfectant, it has been studied to maintain the stability of the bond strength. On the other hand, some authors have considered the hypothesis that the collagen fibers may not be as important for micromechanical union between dentin and composite resin, since there is evidence that the phosphoric acid itself can lead to a change in the structure molecular fibers, which can denature them. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of thermal collagen denaturation and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) application on resin-dentin bond strength in teeth restored with conventional adhesive. The study sample consisted of 30 human third molars, of which the dentin was exposed followed by phosphoric acid etching. The specimens were distributed in three main groups (CHX, thermal denaturation and control). Thermal denaturation consisted of immersion in water at 50ºC for 10 minutes. Control and thermal denaturation groups was costumarily restored and CHX group was treated with 2% chlorhexidine after acid etching and before bonding. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours or 6 months and then sectioned into sticks which were submitted to tensile bond testing at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The bond failure mode was observed by microscopy (40X). The results of the tensile bond test were expressed in MPa and analyzed with the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levine, Snyder F, Tukey and Student t. In all groups bond strength decreased significantly over 6 months (p<0.05), but the loss of bond strength was smaller in the CHX group (16,08%) than in the control group (27,27%) and the thermal denaturation group (28,58%). The hybrid layer was extensively degraded over a period of 6 months. However, treatment with CHX reduced loss of bond strength in relation to controls. Thermal denaturation of collagen fibrils did not affect bond strength.

A Síndrome da Apnéia e Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) é um distúrbio respiratório que se caracteriza pela obstrução recorrente das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono, na qual componentes anatômicos estão quase sempre envolvidos. Embora a cefalometria seja tradicionalmente utilizada para caracterização da morfologia craniofacial, métodos que se utilizam de fotografias padronizadas e análise facial vêm ganhando espaço na prática clínica diária. Este estudo foi conduzido através da aquisição de fotografias faciais digitais padronizadas de 60 indivíduos que se apresentaram por indicação médica para realização de exame de monitorização do sono (exame polissonográfico). Procurou-se estabelecer as características crânio-cérvico-faciais de indivíduos com SAHOS e suas possíveis associações com os dados polissonográficos coletados. Os resultados demonstraram que: as medidas craniofaciais obtidas indicam um predomínio do padrão vertical de crescimento (p<0,05); os indivíduos com SAHOS apresentaram alterações na região cervical na qual a medida de circunferência de pescoço se encontrou aumentada significativamente (p<0,05); verificou-se uma interação de variáveis craniofaciais e antropométricas com a variável polissonográfica representativa da quantidade de pausas respiratórias por hora de sono, evidenciando que quanto maior for o terço facial superior, o terço facial inferior e a circunferência cervical maiores serão as chances de o indivíduo apresentar SAHOS.

The contribution of renewable energy in world energy production is increasing rapidly. In Brazil, the installed capacity of wind power reached 1 GW in May 2011 and the investments for projects with start-up until 2013 are R$ 25 billion. Data acquisition systems are essential to estimate the energy potential of renewable energy plants, the wind power production as an example, require a large volume of data available from past years in order to derive accurate models of the renewable energy. In a similar way, if the photovoltaic generation system is installed in a place of a low solar potential, the project is unable to repay the value of the investment. Therewith, the development of a data acquisition system for decentralized renewable energy sources monitoring is described in the present dissertation. The system has a microcontroller-based unit for local storing and data transmission to internet by a modem and a database server is used to store the data. The proposed architecture is easily extended for controlling a decentralized renewable energy plant by the Matlab/Simulink program. A practical implementation is presented with the utilization of a non-recursive least square algorithm estimator to estimate the transfer function of a pumping plant and allowing an accurate control of water flow by the use of a PI controller. Correlations and performance tests are used to compare the data collected by the system prototype with the data collected by commercial equipment. The results indicate that the root mean square error is 0.103 m/s, for wind speed measurement and the correlation factor is greater than 0.9996. Overall, the low errors rates indicate that the data have been stored on to a broadly similar form to what would be expected based in a commercial equipment. Finally, the possibility of a commercial use of this project is presented to improvement of data transmission efficiency in a meteorological tower of Petrobrás in Paracuru - CE, Brasil.

MORAIS, Jader Onofre de. In gratitudinem Prof. Dr. Melquíades Pinto Paiva. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n. 1, 1976.

PITOMBEIRA, Erasmo da Silva. Deformação das ondas por difração no molhe do Porto do Mucuripe (Fortaleza - Ceará - Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 55-58, jun. 1976.

FONSECA, Verônica Gomes da.; KLEIN, Vera Lucia Mota. Estudo sobre a composição do plâncton, no estuário do Rio Jaguaribe (Ceará - Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 1-8, jun. 1976.

The elimination of bacteria inside the demineralized dentin layer might contribute for a more conservative approach in the restorative treatment of deep dentin caries lesions. This way, this in vitro study aimed to establish safe and effective parameters for using an LED (λ = 620-660 nm) associated to the photosensitizer toluidine blue O (TBO) in the disinfection of artificially produced dentin caries lesions. For this, slabs with 25 mm2 of flatted occlusal human dentin were immersed for 5 days in BHI broth inoculated with Streptococcus mutans for caries induction. After demineralization, the slabs were randomly allocated to 10 experimental groups (n=15), as follows Control5; Control10; Control15; TBO; LED5; LED10; LED15; PDT5; PDT10 and PDT15, which were treated with TBO (0.1 mg.ml-1 for 5 min) or 0.9% NaCl solution for 5, 10 or 15 min, and submitted or not to LED irradiation for 5, 10 or 15 min (47, 94, and 187 J/cm2). Dentin samples from caries lesions were collected before and after treatments and bacteria were then cultured for Streptococcus mutans counts. In addition, using a type K thermometer, the temperature inside the pulp and in periodontal area was monitored for the groups PDT5, PDT10 and PDT1510 in 10 teeth with deep occlusal cavities. Paired t test/Wilcoxon matched pairs test (=5%) were used to determine differences between microbial population before and after treatments, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test for comparing data of temperature and log reductions. Statistically significant differences in Streptococcus mutans viability were found for the groups: Control15; LED15; PDT5; PDT10 and PDT15. The temperature from intrapulpal and periodontal area were lower than 2oC, being higher inside the pulpal chamber for group PDT15 when compared to group PDT5. Thus, it the experimental conditions used in the study, photodynamic therapy may be a safe and effective treatment to be used for disinfecting carious dentin, however the influence of time of irradiation/exposition it the Streptococcus mutans viability should be better investigated.

NUNES, Maria Lucia et al. Composição química de alguns peixes marinhos do nordeste brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 23-26, jun. 1976.

GESTEIRA, Tereza Cristina Vasconcelos; ROCHA, Carlos Artur Sobreira. Estudo sobre a fecundidade do ariacó, Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus), da costa do Estado do Ceará (Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v. 16, n.1, p. 19-22, jun. 1976.

Com o presente trabalho damos prossegui mento ao estudo da biologia pesqueira do pargo, Lutjantís purpureus Poey, no norte e nordeste brasileiros, iniciado a partir de 1966 (Fonteles-Filho, 1969, 1970 e 1972; Ivo 1973a/b e 1975). Durante o ano de 1975, os desembarques da frota pargueira sediada em portos do Estado do Ceará apresentaram uma produção equivalente a 5.041 toneladas métricas. Considerando-se o barco como unidade omostrai, de cada desembarque amostramos um número médio de 400 pargos, anotando-se o respectivo comprimento total; de cada amos tra, retiramos uma subamostra com cerca de 50 indivíduos, para registro do sexo e estádio de maturação sexual.

MATTHEWS-CASCON, Helena; MATTHEWS, Henry Ramos. Notas sobre a família Eratoidae no nordeste brasileiro (Molusca:Gastropoda). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.2, p.73-78, dez. 1976 .

OLIVEIRA, Moisés Almeida de. Distribuição da matéria orgânica na plataforma continental do Estado do Ceará (Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.2, p.105-110, dez. 1976.

The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Ni-Mo and Ni-W electrocoatings in NaCl solutions are investigated in this work. A comparative study has been done with the properties of Cr. All electrocoatings were obtained under galvanostatic control at room temperature and were evaluated in terms of composition, microstructure, microhardness, cristalinity and corrosion resistance. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), the microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness test and the structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out by linear potenciodinamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that Ni-Mo and Ni-W present good corrosion resistance when compared with Cr coatings, and the best were Ni-13Mo and Ni-14W. The layer’s micrographs present homogeneous layers with nodules distributed in the surface and cracks can be observed to Ni-17Mo and Ni-25Mo. Ni-Mo and Ni-W coatings are crystalline exhibiting a face-centred-cubic structure in the solid solution. The microhardness increased with the Mo or W percentage and heat treatments increased the hardness of the coatings, while Cr decreased its hardness with heat treatment.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate methods (maceration, decoccion and infusion) and times (30, 60 and 120 min. ) of extraction, besides the substances: fractions chloroform and acetate, and pure coumarin, in different concentrations, of the aqueous extract of cumaru seeds (Amburana cearensis S. ) on the germination, the development and the growth of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L. ). For “picão-preto” (Bidens pilosa L.) and “carrapicho” (Cenchrus equinatus L.) the effect of the concentration of the extract was evaluated and of the pure coumarin on seeds and seedlings. The experiments were accomplished at the laboratory of Analyses of Seeds, Department of Fitotecnia of the Federal University of Ceará, in Fortaleza-Ce. The aqueous rude extract was prepared starting from the flour of cumaru seeds, being used in the following concentrations: 0.19, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL, and water distilled as control. The seeds, of the tested species, they were distributed in plates of Petri on three disks of filter paper, previously humidified with the extract in the proportion of 2,5 times the weight of the substratum. Later the plates were conditioned in germination camera regulated to the temperature of 25° C and of 8h luz /16h dark, for seven days. The variables were analyzed: germination, length of the root and of the aerial part of the seedlings, in a in a casual interlay delineation, with four repetitions (50 seeds/repetition for lettuce and 25 for “picão-preto” and “carrapicho”). The most efficient method was the maceration. The time of extraction with better results was it of 30 min. The most potent substance was the pure coumarin. It was verified although starting from 6.25 mg/mL of the extract it happened an inhibition in 100% of the germination of the lettuce seeds. Starting from the concentration 3.13 mg/mL the bun of hair germination was totally inhibited. For “picão-preto” the concentrations 1.56, 3.13 and 6.25 mg/mL were the most harmful. The pure coumarin was plenty phytotoxicans for “picão-preto” and “carrapicho”, because it inhibited the germination of your seeds in the tested concentrations. All the concentrations of the extract presented toxicant effects to the seedlings of the tested species, in adult or smaller intensity.

PAIVA, Melquíades Pinto. Comentários sobre o comportamento do setor pesqueiro no Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar. Fortaleza, v.16, n.2, p.93-100, dez. 1976.