RCAAP Repository

The last-stage larva of Bromeliagrion rehni Garrison in De Marmels &amp; Garrison, 2005 is described and illustrated and bionomics and habitat information on this species are provided. The study was conducted in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located near Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil.Twelve samplings were done between April, 2003 and April, 2005: six in the rainy season and six in the dry season. In each sampling month, 12 bromeliads (Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907, Bromeliaceae) were collected, six of which were terrestrial and six epiphytic, yielding144 samples. A total of 75 specimens of B. rehni were collected. The relationship between larval B. rehni abundance and the measured environmental parameters (volume (ml), pH, season and stratum) was significant (ANCOVA, F = 5.296, d.f. = 130, p < 0.001). Larvae were most abundant in the rainy season (p < 0.01) and water volume was positively related to the abundance of B. rehni. Larvae of B. rehni can be distinguished from those of B. fernandezianum (the only species in the genus with described larvae) by the number of setae in the prementum and by the color of the apical region of the femur. The association of this species with phytotelmata of G. brasiliensis is reported here for the first time.

Type specimens of some of Caporiacco's Neotropical species are revised. The taxonomy of his species from French Guiana, whose type specimens are lost, is considered. The types of Corythalia hadzji Caporiacco, 1947, Corythalia luctuosa Caporiacco 1954, Hypaeus barromachadoi Caporiacco, 1947 and Naubolus melloleitaoi Caporiacco, 1947 are redescribed.The following new synonymies are established: Freya guianensis Caporiacco,1947 = Chira spinipes (Taczanowski, 1871) syn. nov.; Hypaeus bivittatus Caporiacco, 1947 = Hypaeus barromachadoi Caporiacco, 1947 syn. nov. New combinations are:Agelista petrusewiczi Caporiacco,1947 = Noegus petrusewiczi (Caporiacco,1947) comb. nov. .;Albionella chickeringi Caporiacco, 1954 = Mago chickeringi (Caporiacco,1954) comb. nov.;Asaracus pauciaculeis Caporiacco,1947 = Mago pauciaculeis (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov.; Cerionesta leucomystax Caporiacco, 1947 = Sassacus leucomystax (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov.; Lapsias guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 = Cobanus guianensis (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov.; Phiale modestissima Caporiacco, 1947 = Asaracus modestissimus (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov. The species Noegus lodovicoi sp. nov. is also described, based on an ex-syntype of Agelista petrusewiczi. The following nominal species are considered species inquirendae: Albionella guianensis Caporiacco, 1954, Alcmena trifasciata Caporiacco, 1954, Amycus effeminatus Caporiacco, 1954, Capidava variegata Caporiacco, 1954, Corythalia variegata Caporiacco, 1954, Dendryphantes coccineocinctus Caporiacco, 1954, Dendryphantes gertschi Caporiacco, 1947, Dendryphantes spinosissimus Caporiacco, 1954, Ilargus modestus Caporiacco, 1947, Lapsias melanopygus Caporiacco, 1947 = Frigga melanopygus (Caporiacco, 1947) comb. nov., Lurio splendidissimus Caporiacco, 1954, Nagaina modesta Caporiacco, 1954, Amycus patellaris (Caporiacco, 1954), Phidippus triangulifer Caporiacco, 1954 and Tutelina iridea Caporiacco, 1954.

A new species of the spider genus Syntrechalea F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1902 is described and illustrated based on material collected in Loreto Mocagua, Colombia. Representatives of this spider genus exhibit an arboreal foraging behavior and are distinguished from the other genera of Trechaleidae by the flattened carapace, long legs and flexible metatarsi and tarsi. New records on the distribution of Syntrechalea tenuis F.O.P.Cambridge, 1902 in Colombia are presented.

Amazonina roppai sp. nov. é descrita do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie pela coloração do pronoto é similar a A. goiana Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1974, porém dela difere pela configuração da placa subgenital alargada na base e estreitando para o ápice, apresentando projeções com espinhos pequenos nos bordos laterais e os estilos cerdosos, semelhantes e localizados na região centro-apical da placa, falômero esquerdo em forma de cogumelo e esclerito mediano simples e muito afilado. Uma nova combinação para A. sooretamensis (Rocha e Silva-Albuquerque, 1963) para Cariblatta Hebard, 1916 é apresentada com base na modificação tergal no oitavo segmento abdominal em forma de um tufo suave de cerdas, esclerito mediano afilado, com a extremidade trifurcada; falômero esquerdo em forma de U invertido com extremidades medianas esclerotinizadas.

Nodubothea gen. nov., espécie-tipo Carneades nodicornis Bates, 1881 e Nodubothea zapoteca sp. nov. (México, Tehuantepec) são descritos. Nodubothea gen. nov. difere dos outros gêneros de Colobotheini pelo escapo moderada a abruptamente clavado; protórax com tubérculos laterais medianos; élitros sem cerdas, com crista centrobasal e nítida carena lateral e margem látero-posterior do metasterno com elevação limitada posteriormente por profundo sulco transversal. Nova sinonímia proposta: Sparna bosqi Gilmour, 1954 = Carterica soror Belon, 1896, a comparação entre a foto do holótipo de Carterica soror Belon, 1896 e um parátipo de Sparna bosqi Gilmour, 1954, possibilitou a sinonímia. Novas combinações: Colobothea grallatrix Bates, 1865 não apresenta as pernas anteriores dos machos distintamente alongadas e com fileiras de espinhos aguçados na face ventral das protíbias, características de Cathexis Thomson, 1860, propomos o seu retorno ao gênero em que foi descrita. Sangaris optata (Pascoe, 1866), comb. nov. de Carterica Pascoe, 1858, a forma cilíndrica do corpo, os élitros sem carenas dorsais e com curta carena lateral no terço anterior, as epipleuras verticais e o ovipositor projetado além do ápice dos élitros, justificam a nova combinação proposta.

Caracteres genéricos são ampliados para Irundisaua Martins &amp; Galileo, 2005 (configuração das antenas; processo prosternal com largura menor ou igual à largura de uma procoxa; protíbias achatadas e fortemente alargadas para o ápice) ao qual se adicionam espécies transferidas de Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835: I. forsteri (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov. do Peru e Brasil (Amazonas) e I. ucayalensis (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov. do Equador, Peru e Brasil (Amazonas).Três novos gêneros são descritos: (1) Catuana comb. nov., espécie-tipo, C. thoracica (Tippmann, 1960) comb. nov., caracterizado pelo mesosterno com tubérculo; (2) Mundeu comb. nov., espécie-tipo, M. maculicollis (Bates, 1861) comb. nov., com protórax arredondado nos lados e protíbias alargadas; (3) Urangaua comb. nov., caracteriza-se pelos olhos finamente facetados e divididos, comprimento dos antenômeros III e IV subigual ao comprimento dos antenômeros V-XI em conjunto; é proposto para duas espécies: U. analis Melzer, 1935, comb. nov., espécietipo, e U. subanalis (Zajciw, 1964) comb. nov. Adiciona-se chave para as espécies de Urangaua.

Ergasilus chelangulatus sp. nov. is described from the freshwater fish, Pimelodus maculatus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) of the upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The new species is based on female specimens and the male is unknown. This species has a serrate seta on exopod one and a two-segmented first endopod, as do most Amazonian species of this genus. The body is elongate and produced anteriorly. The antennae are elongate and have prominent sensilla on segments two and three. Ergasilus chelangulatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species of Ergasilus by the fourth antennal segment (claw) which is bent at nearly a right angle.

A new species of Pickeliana Mello-Leitão, 1932, P. albimaculata sp. nov., is described from Jussari, Bahia, Brazil. It can be easily distinguished from the already described species by the presence of white spots on mesotergal area I and anal opercle. It is similar to P. pickeli Mello-Leitão, 1932 by the presence of a large, ventro-apical pointed tubercle on femora III-IV. A cladistic analysis was performed adding a new character to the available character matrix, the presence of a large and ventro-apical pointed tubercle on male femur IV. According to this analysis, P. albimaculata sp. nov. is sister species of P. pickeli. Additionally, we present an identification key and an update on the geographical distribution of species of this genus in northeastern Brazil.

The taxonomic status of Leptodactylus ochraceus Lutz, 1930, a forgotten leptodactylid frog species, known only from the holotype, is reviewed. The holotype and the original color plate are described and the type locality is discussed and revised. The species is considered valid and distinct from all leptodactylids, leiuperids, cycloramphids, and ceratophrids occurring in Northeastern Brazil.

Six mygalomorph spiders species belonging to two families, were collected in the Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata, São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Five of those species, five are new. Microstigmatidae: Xenonemesia araucaria sp. nov., males differ from those of X. platensis Goloboff, 1988 and X. otti Indicatti, Lucas &amp; Brescovit, 2007 by the curved and very long embolus in the male palp. Females differ from the remaining species of the genus in the seminal receptacle very long and sinuous or twisted. Nemesiidae: Acanthogonatus ericae sp. nov. - males resemble those of A. tacuariensis (Pérez-Miles &amp; Capocasale, 1982) and A. quilocura Goloboff, 1995 by the serrated, curved and long embolus but are distinguished by the presence of a flange on the apex of the embolus. Females differ from the remaining Acanthogonatus by the short copulatory ducts, arising from the apex of the basal dome. Stenoterommata arnolisei sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the large sub-apical area of bulb, with a great number of keels, extending to the median region in the male palp and by the long copulatory ducts and spermathecae arising from internal border of basal dome in the female genitalia. S. grimpa sp. nov.: males resemble those of S. arnolisei sp. nov. by the shape of the palpal bulb and by the short embolus, but differ in the keels, restricted to the apical region. Females differ from remaining Stenoterommata by the presence of two spermathecae in the rounded fused basal dome. S. curiy sp. nov.: males resemble those of S. grimpa sp. nov. by the shape of palpal bulb and the very short embolus, but differ by the translucid keels restricted to the larger distal region. The presence of S. palmar Goloboff, 1995 is confirmed for Brazil. Males of S. palmar are distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the long, slender and slightly distally curved embolus. Females are distinguished by the single spermathecae arising from the basal third or median area of the long and triangular basal dome. All spiders were collected with pitfall trapping at six distinct areas (two Araucaria forest areas, two secondary forests and two Pinus spp. Silvicultural plantations) over a period of 20 months. Abundance data between areas was compared for S. arnolisei sp. nov. and X. araucaria sp. nov. based on the mean catches of spiders in each area. No clear habitat preference was shown for each of the species, suggesting broad habitat tolerances. Phenological data were obtained through the abundance in each trapping period; results suggest an overwintering reproductive pattern for S. arnolisei sp. nov. and a spring-summer pattern for X. araucaria sp. nov.

Novas espécies descritas e ilustradas: Adesmus nigrolineatus sp. nov. do México (Oaxaca). Da Costa Rica: A. moruna sp. nov. (Heredia); Corcovado bezarki sp. nov. (Guanacaste); Alampyris fuscus sp. nov. (Guanacaste), Cariua gen. nov. espécie-tipo C. sulphurea sp. nov., (Guanacaste). Da Bolívia: Phoebemima albomaculata sp. nov. (Cochabamba); Ipepo gen. nov. espécie-tipo I. dilatatus sp. nov. (Santa Cruz). Do Brasil: Adesmus facetus sp. nov. e Canarana arguta sp. nov. (Rondônia). É acrescentado novo registro na Costa Rica para Piruanycha pitilla Galileo &amp; Martins, 2005. As três espécies novas de Adesmus distinguem-se: A. nigrolineatus sp. nov. pelas faixas longitudinais de tegumento preto nos élitros; A. moruna sp. nov. pelos élitros inteiramente pretos; A. facetus pelas faixas oblíquas de pubescência branca após o meio dos élitros além das manchas do quarto apical e das epipleuras. Phoebemima albomaculata sp. nov. caracteriza-se pela mancha basal de pubescência branca dos élitros estendendo-se sobre a sutura. Corcovado bezarki sp. nov. distingue-se pelo escapo preto e antenômeros esbranquiçados. Canarana arguta sp. nov. tem o protórax e os urosternitos I a IV cobertos por densa pubescência amarelada. Alampyris fusca sp. nov. difere de A. cretaria principalmente pelo antenômero III mais longo que o escapo. Cariua sulphurea sp. nov. separa-se pela presença de urosternitos revestidos por pubescência branca compacta e Ipepo dilatatus sp. nov. caracteriza-se pelos élitros tri-carenados.

Ergasilus salmini sp. nov. a branchial parasite of the "dourado", Salminus franciscanus Lima &amp; Britski, 2007, from the upper São Francisco river, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, is described based on female specimens. The new species has a serrate, curved seta on the first exopod as do most of the known South American species of the genus. Other than that, it does not closely resemble any known species of this genus. Many of the known ergasilids have head, and first two thoracic segments completely fused to form a cephalothorax. In the new species, the head is incompletely fused, the first thoracic segment is fused, but thoracic segment two is free. Ergasilus hydrolycus Thatcher, Boeger &amp; Robertson, 1984, also has a free second thoracic segment but in that species the head is completely fused and the third abdominal segment is the longest. In the new species, the third segment is the shortest of the three. Also, the new species is smaller averaging 691 x 207 µ m compared to 784 x 278 µ m for E. hydrolycus. The latter species has a two-segmented fourth endopod whereas in the new species this structure is three-segmented. In addition, the new species is from a different host and a separate river system.

Observações diretas do comportamento de beber água por espécies de Alouatta Lacépède, 1799 são incomuns em animais de vida livre. Foram reportadas flutuações sazonais na freqüência do consumo de água, as quais foram relacionadas à disponibilidade dos diferentes itens alimentares no ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os registros do consumo de água por um grupo de Alouatta clamitans Cabrera, 1940, bem como analisar suas variações sazonais, circadianas e sexo-etárias. O consumo de água foi relacionado aos períodos de alimentação ao longo do dia. Houve correlação entre consumo de água e ingestão de sementes. A análise sexo-etária demonstrou que as fêmeas adultas ingeriram proporcionalmente mais água, enquanto infantes consumiram menos. Sugerimos que as fontes de água podem ser fatores importantes na configuração dos percursos diários do grupo. O consumo de água foi diretamente relacionado às quantidades de compostos secundários contidos nas sementes ingeridas. Necessidades metabólicas inerentes à lactação provavelmente levaram as fêmeas adultas a ingerir maiores quantidades de água. Embora incomum, o consumo de água deve ser considerado como um fator de grande importância ao possibilitar a sobrevivência dos bugios sob certas condições ambientais.

Nesta nota são apresentadas as principais características do hábictat de Diglotta brasiliensis Caron &amp; Ribeiro-Costa, 2008, uma espécie recentemente descrita para a região Neotropical. Os indivíduos foram encontrados habitando uma faixa de aproximadamente 4 m de largura da zona intermareal superior de duas praias estuarinas (ambas localizadas no setor euhalino da baía), com as suas densidades variando de 13 a 80 indivíduos/m². Nesta faixa da praia os sedimentos estiveram compostos de areia média moderadamente a muito bem selecionada e com teor de umidade em torno de 6,5%. O teor de matéria orgânica e de carbonato de cálcio do sedimento variou entre 0,08 a 0,13% e 3,4 a 5,4%, respectivamente. Nesses locais, D. brasiliensis foi encontrada coexistindo com isópodes cirolanídeos do gênero Excirolana Richardson, 1912 (Isopoda: Cirolanidae).

Foi observado o comportamento de formação de cardumes de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti &amp; Britski, 2000 no subafluente do médio rio Paranapanema, durante o período de janeiro de 1997 a fevereiro de 1998. Foi constatado que essa espécie forma basicamente dois tipos de cardumes: os maiores (aproximadamente 50 indivíduos) formados pelos menores espécimes e localizando-se à margem, entre a vegetação aquática; enquanto os menores cardumes (cerca de 15 indivíduos), formados por espécimes maiores, localizam-se, preferencialmente, em áreas mais profundas. Foram evidenciadas algumas variações comportamentais (organização e localização) entre esses dois grupos dependendo do tipo de atividade realizada como, freqüência de deslocamento e forrageamento. O comportamento observado desses cardumes ante ao sinal de ameaça reforça a idéia de que a formação de cardumes é, também, uma tática anti-predatória.

We provide description of eggs and nest structure for two Brazilian antwrens, including the IUCN "vulnerable" species, H. pectoralis Sclater, 1857, and the BirdLife International "near-threatened", H. sellowi Whitney &amp; Pacheco, 2000. Our observations derive from a larger study on Herpsilochmus Cabanis, 1847 distribution in coastal forest fragments in the northern range limit of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Both species nested in relatively open forest. The nest of H. sellowi was built with fungal hyphae, a trait common among some birds. Both eggs were moderately beige with brown spots. Most of the information on Brazilian antwren nesting comes from species that do not occur in the Atlantic rainforest. This is the first account for nest behavior for Atlantic rainforest antwrens.

Here we report for the first time data on parasitism of two species of Euglossa, E. intersecta Latreille, 1838 and E. anodorhynchi Nemésio, 2006, by conopid flies of the genus Physocephala Schiner, 1861. A parasitized adult male of E. intersecta was collected in Acre, northwestern Brazil,while parasitized adult females of E. anodorhynchi were obtained from trap-nests in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. For both host species, the parasite-host association was confirmed by rearing the flies from parasitized adult bees. E. anodorhynchi was attacked by Physocephala bipunctata (Macquart, 1843) and E. intersecta by an unidentified species of Physocephala Schiner, 1861. Although our current knowledge is still incipient, parasitism by conopid flies can be considered widespread in euglossine bees, judging from the cases reported so far, which involve different host genera and species distributed widely apart.

The ophiuroid Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) occurs in the sediment-rocky shore interface, under small stones. Its diet is analyzed in this short communication. Specimens were collected at the Praia Grande beach, located on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in July, 2002 and January, 2003. The animals were fixed in 70% ethanol and dissected to obtain their stomach contents. Of the total (35), 77.1% (27) had ingested some kind of food and, among those, 81.4% (22) had more than one item. The mean number of food items per stomach was 1.9. Ophionereis reticulata is an omnivorous species, consuming sediment, green and red algae, and polychaetes.

Os grupos de radiação evolutiva de Loxosceles Heinecken &amp; Lowe, 1835 além de compartilharem caracteres morfológicos aparentemente também apresentam comportamentos semelhantes. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou descrever o comportamento agonístico dos machos das espécies do grupo spadicea - Loxosceles intermedia Mello-Leitão, 1934 e Loxosceles hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1931 - e laeta -Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet 1849) - ocorrentes no estado do Paraná. Para tal, os machos foram pareados, sendo o invasor colocado nas teias do residente, descritos e quantificados os padrões motores exibidos. O comportamento agonístico de machos de L. laeta, L. intermedia e L. hirsuta foi caracterizado pelo afrontamento, defesa e combate, sendo apenas o último ritualizado e relacionado com peculiaridades de cada espécie, tendo em comum a sinalização de tamanho e força. Além dos padrões motores exibidos durante o comportamento agonístico serem semelhantes com aqueles utilizados no comportamento sexual, os padrões motores de L. intermedia e L. hirsuta foram mais semelhantes entre si e diferentes de L. laeta, sugerindo relação com o grupo de radiação evolutiva.

Infant care is known to impose high energetic costs on female primates because in addition to lactation, most primate mothers also provide transport for their offspring. Many studies have documented the high energetic costs of lactation, but less is known about energetic costs of infant carrying and their effects on the recovery of maternal physical condition. We compared the activities of female northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus Kuhl, 1820) over a 12-month period at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil to investigate whether mothers during their weaning year behaved differently than mothers in their post-weaning year, when they resumed reproductive cycling and copulating, and conceived again. We found no significant differences in the behavioral activity budgets of mothers in their weaning year (n = 4) versus post-weaning year (n = 5), despite the significantly higher proportion of time that mothers in their weaning year spent in close proximity with their infants and carrying their infants compared to mothers in their post-weaning year. We suggest that the energy budgets of weaning are similar to those of post-weaning in female northern muriquis.