RCAAP Repository

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of Campomanesia aurea O. Berg seeds stored under two temperatures. Seeds were dried and stored at 25 °C and 8 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 days. We observed a linear decrease in germination and germination speed index, with a steeper drop for seeds stored at 25 °C. C. aurea seeds stored at 8 °C maintained viability of 80% for 150 days, evidencing the potential of this species for seedlings production if programmed during this period.

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of different proportions of bovine manure on substrate composition for Handroanthus heptaphyllus growth and seedlings quality. Five different ratios of bovine manure in the substrate composition were evaluatedin the following proportions: 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. We verified that H. heptaphyllus seedlings responded positively to bovine manure inproportions of 21% to 28%.

This study evaluated the morphological variation (total and commercial height, and diameter at 1.3 m above ground level - DBH) and environmental variables (slope, distance to water bodies, solar orientation, termites, tree damage and elevation) which influence production of oleoresin by Copaifera paupera (Herzog) Dwyer in southwestern Amazon. The present study was conducted at the experimental forest of Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Forty-seven trees with DBH ≥ 40 cm were mapped, of which 21.3% produced oleoresin immediately after being drilled and 53.2% produced oleoresin after 5 to 7 days, totaling 74.5% productive trees. The site slope was the only variable that significantly influenced oleoresin production; the greater the slope, the greater the probability the tree produced oleoresin. The results showed that trees growing in areas with a slope ≥ 10% had 100% probability of producing oleoresin, which can be explained by the tension wood produced in trees growing on slopes and supports the popular belief that Copaifera should be drilled on the side of the tree with the largest angle of inclination between the trunk and ground level.

The objective of this study was to evaluate kriging in SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models (DEMs) to assist in the planning of forest harvesting. The following DEMs were tested: SRTM with 30 m and with 90 m spatial resolution (SR); ASTER 30 m SR; krigged SRTM 30 m and 90 m; krigged ASTER 30 m; and standard MDE, obtained from a planialtimetric map. Using DEMs declivity maps were generated according to restrictions of harvesting machines in forest. DEMs were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. DEMs assessed presented significant altitude spatial dependence. The differences of root-mean-square error between DEMs from original SRTM and ASTER images showed little difference from krigged DEMs. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed improvement by means of kriging in SRTM DEMs with 30 m and 90 m of spatial resolution. However, DEM ASTER 30 m did not present the same behavior, showing better results in its original version. The krigged DEM SRTM 30 m presented more potential to be used in the forest harvest planning, when DEMs in larger scales are not available.

The strategic importance of forest resources, both at the national and global level, as well as the scarcity of reliable qualitative and quantitative information about Brazilian forests are among the motivations that led to the implementation of a new national forest inventory in Brazil (IFN-BR). Beyond traditional field survey through clustered sampling, the IFN-BR incorporates Landscape Sample Units (LSU) as a geospatial component of the inventory. Landscape indicators and indices are generated through the analysis of land use/land cover in the LSUs, which provide information about composition, morphology, mosaic patterns, adjacent habitat similarity, connectivity, fragmentation, and state of riparian zones. In the current study, we describe the indicators selected to assess landscape using pilot LSUs established in Paraná State, as well as the calculation and composition of indices and scores.

The African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) is a tree species, used to obtain high quality wood. It presents high market value and good adaptation to most soil and climatic conditions of Brazilian territory. The purpose of this study was to analyse the economic viability of African mahogany plantation to obtain wood of high quality. Cash flow has been drawn up for a period of 20 years. The economic viability indicators calculated were: net present value (NPV); Internal rate of return (IRR); payback; index of profitability and sensitivity analysis taking into account the variation of 60% for more and for less in investment values and interest revenue. The NPV was R$ 11,296.72; the IRR 16%; the payback 19.92 years and the profitability index was R$ 2.82 for each R$ 1.00 invested. On sensitivity analysis, it was observed that only when increasing above 15% in interest, or fall greater than 25% in value of the the NPV would turn negative wood. Therefore, African mahogany plantationit, is feasible and presents low sensitivity changes in the market.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different soil preparation and hole sizes in an orchard of Carya illinoinensis pecan (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) by the Order Coleoptera fauna. A pecan orchard was established in spacing 7 m x 7 m, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil in randomized block design, with five blocks and four treatments, using: small pit 20 m x 60 cm (Cp); more harrowing subsoiler and small pit (Scp); rotary hoe and small pit (Ecp); and large pit 40 m x 60 cm (Cg). From March 2014 to November 2015, eight samples were taken from Coleoptera fauna, one per season, with four pitfall traps distributed in each treatment and the surrounding area, totaling 100 samples per collection. The Ecp treatment had the lowest diversity values and evenness for Coleoptera fauna, while the Cp and Cg treatments presented the highest indices. The species Diloboderus abderus (Sturm) was as very common. It was concluded that Cg treatment does not interfere with coleopteran and promotes the highest growth in diameter of pecan plants.

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze is one of the most important native species in Southern Brazil. However, its naturally recalcitrant seeds represent obstacles for long-term conservation and thus cryopreservation is a viable alternative for germplasm storing. Embryonic axes (EA) excised from araucaria seeds were encapsulated, dehydrated, and submitted to two cryopreservation methods: flash-cooling by freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 2 h and pre-cooling at – 40 °C, followed by freezing in LN for 2 h. Subsequently, the EA were quickly thawed and assessed for DNA integrity, tetrazolium test, in vitro germination and oxidation occurrence. The DNA of both not cryopreserved and cryopreserved EA maintained their integrity. The tetrazolium test results indicated that the majority of flash-cooled EA were viable. After 15 days of in vitro culture, the EA did not germinate and presented signs of oxidation. Dehydration method by direct plunge in LN is promising for cryopreservation of araucaria EA, as demonstrated through the results of tetrazolium test and the maintenance of total DNA integrity.

This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan seed weight classes subjected to accelerated aging under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. A lot of P. rigida seeds was split in three seed weight classes (thousand seed weight): TSW1 (original lot; control, 19.23 g), TSW2 (25.45 g) and TSW3 (13.58 g), which were subjected to three accelerated aging times (0, 24 and 48 h). First count, weak and strong normal seedlings, percentage of accumulated germination, percentage of death seed, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry weight and shoot length were assessed in laboratory. Seedling emergence, emergence velocity and emergence velocity index were assessed in greenhouse. P. rigida seeds showing higher weight displayed higher percentage of germination and average vigor characteristics. Seeds with higher weight indicated high tolerance to accelerated aging conditions and produced more vigorous plants. Therefore, we suggest that seed lots of P. rigida should be composed considering TSW classes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure and diversity of the woody component of Caatinga in Southern Sertanean Depression, Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil. We sampled 25 plots of 400 m². Total height and circumference at the soil level (CSL ≥ 15.8 cm) were measured of living or dead standing individuals, to calculate phytossociological parameters. The community heterogeneity was evaluated through detrended correspondence analyzes. We sampled 825 individuals, distributed in 11 families, 22 genera and 27 species. The families with the highest richness were Fabaceae (9 spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.), with 51.8% of the total richness. The species with higher cover value and importance value were Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella microphylla, justified by their high abundances (295 and 217 individuals, respectively) and basal areas (2.95 and 1.72 m² ha-1, respectively). We found median values for the diversity and equability indices (H’ = 2.04 and J’ = 0.62), and species distribution presented better adjust to Log normal model, suggesting moderate ecological dominance of these species. The studied community was very heterogeneous, possibly due to the multiple use of the soil in the past, reinforcing the responsibility of institutions with forest remnants to establish measures for the conservation of their green areas.

The silvicultural and economic potential of paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) has encouraged the expansion of this crop, mainly in the northern region of the country, provoking the need for studies on the species. The objective of this study was to estimate paricá production in Paragominas region, Para State, Brazil, at 5, 6 and 7 years, in three classes of productivity considering five plant arrangements, being identified the main costs of production, in addition to those most affected by plant arrangements. The volumetric estimation was obtained by modeling in population level and the analysis of the costs, through the methodology of the operational cost. It was possible to infer that the arrangement of plants 3 m x 2 m was superior in volume, compared to the other analyzed plant arrangements. The effective operating cost represented on average 65% of the total production costs. Transport was the most significant individual cost, in all analyzed plant arrangements. The maintenance, among the set of activities, was the most significant in planting, fact that may be related to the number and the long period for the activities execution. Smaller plant arrangements presented the higher total costs of production, depending or not on the remuneration for the use of the permanent and current capital.

The objective of this work was to analyze whether remnants of shrub wooded Caatinga with different floristic composition present phytoecological similarities. The study was carried out in two areas: in Seridó Potiguar (Barrentas) and in Cariri Paraibano (Passagem Rasa). We used ramdomly located sample plots for adult tree and regenerating. Forest individuals were measured, and the composition and floristic diversity were analyzed. We found 1,418 individuals in the adult trees stratum distributed into five families, 11 genres and 11 forest species with a density of 5,300 stem ha-1 in Barrentas and 1,565 individuals distributed into 10 families, 20 genres and 26 species with 4,175 stem ha-1 in Passagem Rasa. In natural regeneration we registered 398 individuals, of five families, 10 genres and 12 species in Barrentas and 680 individuals distributed into five families, 10 genres and 11 species in Passagem Rasa. The studied areas presented low floristic and structural similarity , considering the variables density and dominance. In principle, this is due to the greater influence of the edaphoclimatic conditions associated with anthropic factors.

The occurrence of quarantine pest (A2), Sinoxylon unidentatum Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) was confirmed and intercepted in Rio de Janeiro port on pallets originated from Indonesia. It was found that methyl bromide was not sufficient to inhibit the action of the insects on the pallets. It is suggested as monitoring measure, the installation of ethanolic traps storage sites and transit of wood.

Forest resources in Mozambique play an important role in the national economy, not only meeting basic needs of local communities, but also to supply the forestry industry and to export. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of probability density functions in the adjustment of the diametric distribution and phytosociological analysis through the horizontal structure of Miombo, Mopane and Mecrusse ecosystems. We adjusted the function Weibull 3P, Gama and Beta functions. The horizontal structure was analysed to verify the species with greater participation in the diametric distribution in the studied ecosystems. Weibull 3P function presented better adherence in all studied ecosystems; Gama and Beta function showed adherence in Miombo and Mopane. The three ecosystems presented different predominant species: in Miombo they were Julbernardia globiflora, Brachystegia spiciformes, Brachystegia boemii, Pterocarpus angolensis and Ptelliopsis myrtifolia; in Mopane Colophospermum mopane, Boscia mossambicensis, Adansonia digitada, Afzelia quansensis and Kirkia acuminata, and in Mecrusse is found only Androstachys johnsonii. Considering the differences observed, it is recommended that forest management considers the particularities of each ecosystem.

This paper aimed to assess the herbicide glyphosate effectiveness in areas dominated by signal grass in forest restoration stands compared to mechanical control. The chemical control consisted in hoeing 1.2 m row, before planting, and when brachiaria achieved medium height of 30 cm applied glyphosate herbicide inter-row in 1,44 kg ha-1. Mechanical control consisted in hoeing 1.2 m row in planting lines and inter-row mowing. Ten different tree species were planted in a 3.2 x 1.7 m spacing. Survival and height growth were evaluated at 6, 12, 18 and 30 months after planting and the collar diameter at 30 months. Implementation and maintenance costs for each treatment were also evaluated at 30 months after planting. Survival rate had little influence from control method. Treatment with glyphosate resulted under all evaluations in superior height growth to all evaluated tree species. The mowing maintenance cost approximately three times the chemical method.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the procedures for introduction of shoots in vitro taken from seedlings kept in nursery. For the disinfestation of the shoots, immersion times (5, 10, 15 and 20 min) in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite were tested. We also analysed the influence of using fungicide before (7 and 15 days) and after the shoots collection, in the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1 respectively. In order to control the oxidation of explants in vitro, the addition of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and activated charcoal to the culture medium, both at concentrations 1 and 2 g L-1, were evaluated. The use of sodium hypochlorite allowed disinfestation of the introduced shoots, but there was no significant difference between the times tested. The collection of shoots 15 days after the application of fungicide in the seedlings suppliers of the shoots, allowed the absence of contamination. The oxidation of the explants reached high levels even in the presence of PVP and activated charcoal in the culture medium.

The objective of this work was to evaluate hygroscopicity modification of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. saligna and Corymbia maculata wood due to termites attack. Using samples measuring 20 x 20 x 150 mm³ (tangential x radial x longitudinal) the equilibrium moisture content (MCE), linear contractions of the tangential and radial planes (βT e βR), contraction anisotropy (CAβ), water absorption (AA) and water absorption rate (TAA) of healthy and deteriorated wood by Nasutitermes termites were evaluated. It was verified that the termite attack caused increase in TUE and reduction in βT. However, βR and CAβ presented different behaviors, varying among the different species. AA and TAA presented higher water absorption intensity in the first hours of immersion, being higher in the control group in comparison with the deteriorated samples. Possibly the variations in the parameters related to the wood hygroscopicity of the studied species are correlated to the increase of porosity and deterioration mainly of cellulose and hemicelluloses, directly affecting the wood’s ability to absorb and lose moisture, compromising the material quality.

Bamboos are fast-growing monocotyledonous considered as environmental regenerators due to their ability to occupy degraded soils, decreasing erosive processes. Bamboos are also largely used as ligno-cellulosic raw material for several purposes. Due to their outstanding importance, the objective of this paper was to study the stem anatomy of different adult bamboo species to better characterize the structural divergences among different groups. Information was collected from literature review on morphological and anatomical characteristics, as fiber classification, parenchymatous cells, sclerenchyma sheaths and vascular bundles (xylem/phloem) of several bamboo species. Bamboo species may be sorted in four groups, considering mainly differences of vascular bundle shape and percentage of fibers.

The eucalypt shoot psyllid, Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, 1985 (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), is reported here for the first time from Burundi, Indonesia (Sumatra), Nicaragua, the Philippines and Yemen. The record from Paraguay is shown to be erroneous. New state records are given for the Brazilian states Bahia, Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Sul. Eucalyptus viminalis is listed for the first time as host of B. occidentalis.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul wood for energetic use and to determine the yields and charcoal properties produced at different carbonization temperatures. Discs with 3 cm of thickness were obtained from stem basal positions, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of commercial height. The discs were split in two parts. One was used to determine wood properties and the other was carbonized at final temperatures of 400 ºC, 500 ºC and 600 ºC for bio-reducer evaluation . Basic density (1.2 g cm-3), lignin content (34%), higher calorific value (4,845 cal g-1) and gravimetric yield in charcoal (GYC) at 400 ºC (41.5%) were the highlights. The increase of wood pyrolysis temperature from 400 ºC to 600 ºC resulted in 29.4% increase in fixed carbon content and a reduction of 19% and 63.4%, respectively, in charcoal GYC and volatile matter content. In general, the species presented satisfactory energy production.