RCAAP Repository

Investiga a possibilidade da existência de um processo de convergência da produtividade do trabalho na indústria de transformação brasileira utilizando metodologia derivada do modelo de crescimento de BARRO & SALA-I-MARTIN (1990). A constatação de β-convergência e σ-convergência apenas para a indústria de transformação e para os gêneros de Minerais-não-Metálicos, Produtos Alimentares, Bebidas e Editorial e Gráfico indica que o processo de desenvolvimento industrial não segue necessariamente uma trajetória de longo prazo de diminuição das disparidades de produtividade entre estados de um dado setor ou gêner o industrial. Com o objetivo de aprofundar a análise e esclarecer aspectos obscurecidos pela estrutura algébrica do modelo de BARRO & SALA-I-MARTIN (1990), procedeu-se a uma visualização da dinâmica transicional das produtividades, metodologia proposta por QUAH (1996).Descobre-se qu e, mesmo nos setores ou gêneros onde houve β-convergência e σ-convergência, há um padrão quase invariável de formação de clusters ou clubes de convergência, indicando uma trajetória complexa de desenvolvimento industrial onde intraclusters e divergência interclusters coexistem.

The article makes two contributions for the empiric literature about the economy of the state of Ceará. The first refers to the analysis of the relationship between the economical growth and the behavior of the distribution of income. Following Kakwani, Khandker and Son (2004) we then obtain the Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR), a measured of the pro-poor growth. The second is, using methodology of Kakwani, Neri and Son (2006), the quantification of the social welfare generated from the labor income and the corresponding decomposition in tax of job, number of hours worked for person, tax of participation of the labor force and productivity - the decomposition of the productivity in scholarship, return per year of study and redistribution of this return among the families. Using data of PNAD/IBGE, this study concentrates on the period after Real plan of stabilization and contemplates evaluation for geographic area. This way, is determined the acting of the economical growth and of the job market in Ceará metropolitan, urban and rural and it is made comparative analysis with similar geographic area of the remaining of Brazil and of the Region Northeast.

This research was presented as a completion work for a PhD degree in Economics and brings together three papers in the area of growth. The first of them, uses the methodology developed by Kakwani, Khabdker and Son (2004) to analyze the existence of growth "pro-poor" in regions of Brazil from 1995 to 2005. We used as a support poverty measures: P(0), P(1) and P(2) and the GINI index. The results show that such policies have caused the greatest impact in the southern and southeastern of Brazil. The second paper develops three econometric models in Panel Data to calculate the income-poverty elasticity and inequality-poverty elasticity for geographic regions of Brazil, in a disaggregated way. For the estimations we used as measures the proportion of poor, the poverty gap and poverty gap squared. As was observed that the inequality-poverty elasticity is greater than the growth-poverty elasticity, the reduction in inequality measured by the GINI index is more sensitive to inequality rate’s falls than to the average income’s increments. At last, but not least, the third paper uses the methodology developed by Kraay (2004) to analyze the importance of each component of the growth “pro-poor” for the states of the regions of Brazil. In the northeast region the shifts in income have be en more significant in explaining the pro-poor growth when compared to inequality decreases. In the southeast region the lessening of inequality seems even more meaningful when compared to the northeast region.

The creation and expansion of the Family Health Program (FHP) in Brazil bring to Family Practice (FP), as medical specialty, highlight because it’s the more adequate one for that kind of work. Recent partnerships between Health and Education State Departments try to regulate the graduation and post graduation of health workers, attending the demands of consolidation of the National Health System of Brazil (NHS). Investments ware taken to increase FP residency position number, but maybe there is an incongruity between career intentions of future doctors and the needs of the Brazilian NHS, what is shown by the low number of positions filled in those programs. The initial objective of this research was to determine predisposing factors to choice of FP as career. However, upon recognizing the disinterest by that specialty, we try to list explanatory hypotheses for such reality. It was, then, carried out a study involving 170 medical students of Federal University of Ceará at Sobral, which answered a questionnaire containing 32 questions about demographic and social characteristics, choice of the specialty, FHP and FP and factors that, in the opinion of the students, influence the choice of career. It was found that only one student made a choice of FP as specialty. However, the great majority doesn’t reject the possibility of work provisionally in the FHP. The probable justifications for this disinterest are the precarious conditions of work, depreciation of the activity, low income, better salaries in remote cities and few perspectives of professional growth. The hidden curriculum, cited by international articles, also play a role, but it was not evaluated accurately in this research. Clinical specialties are the most preferred by those students. The most influencing factors for career choice, according to students, are personal interests, ethical and social commitment and possibility of make diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. In conclusion, career choice has many influencing factors. The interest by FP is modest. Despite many proposals to increase interest, these did not bring repercussion in some settings and are not scientifically confirmed. Even so, such influencing factors it must be identified and strategies for revert that picture must be tried.

Asthma is the most ordinary chronic disease in childhood, and it is characterized by presenting recurrent episodes of wheezing and, most of time, by the need of planned and continued care in order to control it. AIMS To describe clinical and aiding features of children with wheeze/asthma who are users of health services in Fortaleza. METHOD Transversal study, proceeded with data obtained from patient records employed in the admittance of asthmatic children within Integral Care to Children`s Healt Program (Programa de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Criança – PROAICA). Were selected 930 children from 2 months to 16 years-old who have been seen from June of 2004 to September of 2005, in nine primary health care facilities (PHCFs) and two hospitals. The primary variable studied was how long the wheezing child stayed without planned assistance until the moment of her admission in the Program. RESULTS The mean time children stayed unassisted was 49 months. (DP=38,1). 90,2% of children presented first symptoms of wheeze before the age of three years (mean= 16 months). In the last year, before admittance in the Program, the proportion of children who went to the ER was 91,4%, and 42,3% were multiply hospitalized. 98,1% arrived in use of relieving medication with oral administration and only 4,3% were using inhaled corticosteroid. CONCLUSIONS Children with wheeze/asthma for a very long time without planned assistance by health services web was the primary found in this study. Most of children presented the first crisis with age under 3 years and, nevertheless, they stayed for a long without planned assistance, which contributed to their recurring in-hospital assessments within the ERs with several hospitalizations. Such setting shows the need for an appropriate integral care to the health of asthmatic child.

Introdução. Dentre as malformações, as fissuras labiopalatinas (FLPs) ocupam lugar de destaque, pois são as deformidades craniofaciais de maior prevalência. Classificam-se em: pré-forame, transforame, pós-forame e as submucosas, podendo diversos fatores estar associados à sua etiologia, tais como uso de drogas, carência de ácido fólico, sífilis, toxoplasmose, radiações ionizantes, tabagismo, alcoolismo no início da gestação e os fatores genético-hereditários - os mais importantes. Outra teoria muito aceita é a multifatorial, que envolve a interação de fatores genéticos, ambientais e hereditários. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar as características epidemiológicas de crianças portadoras de FLPs atendidas no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza-Ce. Métodos. Estudo descritivo de 390 portadores de FLPs atendidos no período de junho de 2008 a maio de 2009, com crianças menores de 12 anos de idade, no ambulatório do Núcleo de Atendimento Integrado ao Fissurado do Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, principal hospital de referência do Estado, procedentes de todo o Ceará. Resultados. Observou-se que 51,3% dos pacientes com FLPs eram do sexo masculino e 48,2% do feminino, dos quais 37,4% foram provenientes da Capital, 62,6% do resto do Estado e 3,1% de outros UFs. O tipo mais prevalente foi a transforame, com 56,3% dos casos, seguida das pós-forame, com 21,6%, as pré-forame, com 20,3% e as submucosas com 1,8%. As lesões predominaram do lado esquerdo, com 43,2%, seguidas pelas bilaterais, com 32,5%. Verificou-se que 72,0% dos pacientes tiveram acesso à realização da queiloplastia. A palatoplastia foi efetuada em 47,2% das crianças, sendo que na faixa etária pré-escolar em somente 20% dos casos. Outros tipos de correções cirúrgicas foram realizadas em somente 17,9% dos pesquisados. Outros 35,0% tiveram acesso ao tratamento fonoaudiológico e 15,5% ao ortodôntico. Encontrou-se ainda um percentual de 11,4% que apresentava algum outro tipo de malformação congênita e outros 47,3% possuíam um caso familial de fissura. Conclusões. A reduzida proporção de portadores de FLP com acesso aos tratamentos clínico-cirúrgicos indica a existência de uma carência importante de centros e equipes multiprofissionais especializadas na reabilitação destes pacientes. Mesmo com as dificuldades de deslocamento, 60% dos pacientes da pesquisa eram procedentes de municípios cearenses, o que sugere uma grande carência deste tipo de atenção fora da Capital do Estado.

The present study it had as objective main to analyze the profile epidemiologist and to carry through a functional evaluation of the taken care of victims of traffic in a service of physiotherapy in Fortaleza. For such, a quantitative and transversal study, developed of May the November of 2009 was carried through, in the ABCR-center. They had participated of this, patient rough of traffic carrying through treatment in the institution, greater of 18 years and concordant in participating of the research. For collection of the data, a script was used, instrument FIM and Scale de Social Participial. The data had been analyzed with software SPSS 15.0. 57 patients, 53 men and 4 women had been evaluated, with medium age of 37±14 years, being the majority (49.1%) married and with complete basic education (42.1%). When considering the working situation before and after the accident, met significant difference between same (p<0.01), where after the accident the majority (80.7%) it wasn’t working. The motorcycle was the vehicle most involved in the accidents (70.2%) e the type most recurrent was collision (54.4%). When comparing the acts average in accordance with the type of involved vehicle, met difference significant (p=0.04) it enters the accidents with motion and with vehicle not motorized or without no vehicle. The breakings had been predominant (73.7%) and the inferior members were the most injuried body region (60%). When comparing the injured body region in accordance with the involved vehicle, met that the motorcycle affect predominantly the members and the too much vehicles the region of the head (p=0.02). The majority of the patients presented complete independence for the total FIM (54.4%), motor (42.1%) e cognitive (86%).The locomotion was the subdomain that presented the biggest degrees of dependence. How much to the social participation, the majority (28.1%) it presented serious restriction of the same one. When correlating the MIF with the Social Participation through the test of correlation of Spearman, got a moderate negative correlation, statistical significant (R=-0.54, p<0.01). In the multivariate analysis of the Social Participation through multiple regression, they had entered in the clarifying model of the same a FIM motor, the time of internment and the civil state (p=0.01; p=0.01; p=0.09, respectively). Concluded that the majority of the participants were men, young adults and singles; that motorcycle was the vehicle more involved and the collision was the type more recurrent; that the factures were the most prevalent injuries and the lower limbs were the most affected; considering the vehicle involved, there was difference as the victims’ age, as well as, the lesional profile (affected region); the people were more prevalent, who presenting functional independence, but in considering the questions of it, the most affected was the locomotion; that stood out individuals with severe restriction of social participation; that motor FIM, hospitalization time and marital status were explanatory of social participation.

This work aims to contribute to empirical literature on the Brazilian regional disequilibrium analyzing, the period after Real plan stabilization, the economic performance of each region of the country in terms of the growth pro-poor person - economic growth followed by reduction in the inequality - and of the social welfare. Using methodology of Kakwani, Neri and Son (2006), it extracted data of the National Research for Sample of Domiciles (PNAD/IBGE), the present study finds, for each one of the Brazilian’s region: (i) the growth and the inequality of the per capita familiar average income (ii) the evolution of the main indices of poverty (iii) the taxes of growth of the labor income and the corresponding decomposition in tax of job, number of hours worked for person, tax of participation of the labor force and productivity. (iv) the decomposition of the productivity in scholarship, return per year of study and redistribution of this return among the families. Beyond analyzing the regional performances of each one of these items and components, this research quantifies the growth pro-poor person and the social welfare associated to them, contributing, this way, for the agreement on the differences of economic performances among the regions of the country. The results show that the bigger impacts in the income and the social welfare was because of the tax of participation of workers for family and, mainly, to the productivity of them. Regarding to the productivity, it had reduction from 1995 to 2002 and increases from 2003. The increase of the productivity in all Brazilian regions from 2003 was caused by the additions in the average returns proceeding from the education of the workers.

No summary/description provided

The objectives of this work were to develop, characterize physico-chemical and rheologicaly blend films of yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.), jalapa (Operculina tuberose Meisn.), taro (Colocassia esculenta L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) starches with chitosan and poly (ninyl alcohol) (PVA) and to evaluate its biodegradation in the soil. The mechanical properties of the starches varied to each other, indicating a different molecular organization among them. The films of bean atarch were the most expandable and resistant, while the ones of chinese yam were the most fragile and brittle. The analyses of FT-IR revealed certain interaction among the three components which can be verified by the improvements in the mechanical properties, solubility in water and the water vapor permeability of blends. The characteristics presented by the blend films showed that from the technological point of view they were inferior to the commercial films (LDPE) and inadequate for packing of humid products, but they can be useful in another applications. However from the ecological point of view, these materials were better than the synthetic films, because they were quickly degraded in the soil. The blends presented potential to be used in medical applications as wound healing in drug delivery, however is needed more studies for improvements of those characteristics. The jalapa and cowpea starches showed similar or superior characteristics to the yam, what place them as alternative in the elaboration of starch biofilms.

In this work, lignocellulosic fibers from two sources (sisal and banana pseudo stem) were used as reinforcing agents in the preparation of phenolic matrix composites derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and as material to adsorb toxic metals (Pb+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, Zn+2 and Cu+2). Surface changes were induced in the sisal fibers by immersion in alkali solutions at 5% and 10% concentrations, while for the banana stem material the concentrations were 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. Then the fibers were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO/H2O 1:1) to bleach and soften them. Scanning electron microscopy showed significant improvement in the fiber surfaces after chemical treatment. All treatments made the fibers more adsorbent than the untreated material. However, the treatments with NaOH 5% and NaOH 0.25% were more effective than the others. For the composites of these fibers, after the alkali treatment was verified an improved interface between the reinforcement agent and phenolic matrix. The following techniques were used to characterize the lignocellulosic fibers: atomic absorption spectrophotometry, thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), measurement of electric properties (dielectric permittivity, loss tangent and dielectric conductivity), infrared spectroscopy (IR), biodegradation in simulated soil and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composites obtained were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetrry (DSC), TG and SEM. The results revealed that the sisal composites performed better as reinforcement of phenolic matrixes than banana tree composites, possibly due to the higher content of cellulose, which is the component of lignocellulosic fibers that provides mechanical resistance.

Several states and Brazilian countries already have adopted investment programs to the local productive arrangements (LPA’s) that involves by micro, small and median companies. However, most of the studies on LPA’s has given little attention to the local productive arrangements of agricultural nature. This study intends to analyze the LPA, of irrigated agriculture, called “Drop of water” in Quixeramobim, Ceará. It was used primary and secondary data that were obtained through bibliographical and documental researches, case study and field researches. The resulted were verified through of tabular and descriptive analyze. Inside the irrangement analyzed we could verify the involvement of several partners’ from different segments that participated in hi- gher or lower degree. This involvement of several partners’ establishing important instruments for introduction of innovations of product, process and organizational creating new competences and gains competitive advantages. However, it was verified the existence of obstacles related to the inexistence of inappropriate training centers for qualification of the producers, absence of research laboratories and lack of more appropriate credit lines adjusted producer’s reality. In spite of these problems, we can conclude that there was gain of resulted from the collective efficiency that was created by this productive gathering. This arrangement is a proof that with some social organization of the local actor’s will be possible to change the difficult reality of the families that earn from their income agriculture in the zone semi-arid of the Ceará.

Neste trabalho realizou-se estudos em escala laboratorial de soluções sólidas, procedentes dos precursores Fe2O3, BaCO3 e SrCO3, através do processo de moagem mecânica de alta energia, foram produzidos com sucesso pós nanocristalinos de BaxSr1-xFe12O19 (onde 0 x 1)os quais através de estudos de suas propriedades estruturais, morfológicas e elétricas foram caracterizados. As propriedades das hexaferritas do tipo M de bário ou de estrôncio são de grande interesse nas aplicações de magnetos permanentes, meios de registros magnéticos, dispositivos de microondas, absorvedores e sensores. Essas soluções sólidas substitucionais, depois de moídas receberam procedimento cerâmico tradicional (procedimento do estado sólido). A estrutura cristalina das amostras foram identificadas por difração de raios-X (hexagonal) pertencem ao grupo espacial P63/mmc. Os dados de difração de raios-X foram refinados pelo método Reitveld. Fez-se uso da espectroscopia Mössbauer para realizar a sondagem do ferro presente na estrutura cristalina, constatando-se o estado de oxidação do ferro (Fe3+) presente nos materiais analisados e a geometria do sítio cristalino no qual está presente. A morfologia e o tamanho médio dos espécimes, na forma de pastilhas, foram analisados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura [216 – 339 nm], assistida por Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X, para analise química elementar. Foi realizado o estudo da constante dielétrica (K’), do fator de perda dielétrica (tg ) e a propriedade de condutividade elétrica ( ) As propriedades dielétricas e elétrica foram analisadas em função da freqüência, a temperatura ambiente, numa faixa compreendida entre 100 Hz e 40 MHz. Nos resultados das propriedades dielétricas, constatou-se que a amostra BFO100 apresenta a maior constante dielétrica (K’ = 394,79) e a maior condutividade elétrica ( = 1,98 . 10-5 -1.m-1), porém, a menor perda dielétrica verificou-se nas amostras BFO75 e BFO90 (em ambas 0,81). Em virtude da constante dielétrica observada o espécime BFO100 apresenta o melhor perfil para aplicações de RF (radio freqüência).

The molibidatos up a large class of inorganic compounds and have been the subject of several investigations. Usually the members of this family have Y2XO4.nH2O general formula, where Y = (Na, Ca), X = (Mo, S, W, Mn) with n = (0, 1, 3, 4...). The Na2MoO4.2H2O was studied through experiments of Raman spectroscopy aimed at investigating the effects of hydrostatic pressure on their properties structural and vibrational. The material Na2MoO4.2H2O experiencing a transition phase when the compressor is half the mixture of alcohols, this transition is structural. When the compressor is the way nujol (mineral oil) Na2MoO4.2H2O try the two-phase transitions. The difference for these events is that the Na2MoO4.2H2O interacts with the environment compressor alcohol, since the pressure to relax the spectrum of the material presents itself as being semidesidratrado not going back to the original phase. When the compressor means is the nujol, as well as an additional step, the Na2MoO4.2H2O, in the process of relaxation, restores the original phase, where the interim stage is deleted due to the effect of hysteresis. Therefore, it identifies three distinct phases in Na2MoO4.2H2O, in a range of 0 to 3.0 GPa (phase α), another between 3.0 and 4.0 GPa (phase δ) and third over 4.0 GPa (phase β). The first transition from phase α to phase δ is a conformal transition, due to distortions in tetraedros MoO4, leaving the group of symmetry D2h 15. The second transition is a structural transition due to the collapse of two modes in a single event, especially in the modes of the network, which indicates a transition to a structure for greater symmetry than the previous (possibly of the orthorhombic for tetragonal).

This study analyzes the contribution of Pronaf (National Program for Strengthening of Family Farming) for the sustainable development of family farming in the Ceará state. For this purpose, primary data was obtained through the application of 15 questionnaires to beneficiaries and the equal number to non-beneficiaries in Baturite, Iguatu and Quixada counties, totaling 90 questionnaires. The sustainability index, employment and farm income per cultivated hectare were calculated to measure the impact of the program on the sustainable development, generation of income and employment on family farms of beneficiaries. Based on the descriptive analysis and the application of the t Student test, Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U test, comparisons between the selected groups of family farming were promoted. Results showed that the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries have a low sustainability level. Pronaf had a positive impact, but not significant on farm income generation, and positive effect on the creation of employment.

ALENCAR, Carlos Alexandre Gomes de et al. Caracterização biométrica do Batata, Lopholatilus villarii - Ribeiro, 1915 (Teleostei: Malacanthidae), no Nordeste do Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, Fortaleza, v. 31, 1998, p. 101-106.

Gelatin is a protein obtained from denaturation of collagen that has been used in the preparation of biomedical materials due to its biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties. However due to gelatin solubility in aqueous solution, the interaction of gelatin with other polymers and also its cross-linking have been carried out in order to improve the gelatin physico-chemical properties. Cashew gum was modified by sulfation (CGS) and oxidation (CGX) reactions. The derivatives were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The degree of substitution for sulfation reaction range from 0.02 to 0.88 and the oxidation reaction produced two samples of 10:3 and 10:4 (number of anhydrogalactose units per number of oxidized units). The 13C DEPT NMR experiment shows that the sulfation occurs at C-6 of galactose. 1H-NMR spectra of CGX samples shows aldehyde proton at 8.3 ppm. Cashew gum and its derivatives were used on the preparation of microsphere with gelatin by oil/water emulsion method. Microspheres were characterized by IR, NMR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). That method shows modifications that indicates the presence of both polymers on the microspheres. Microspheres with cashew gum unmodified (GECG) and crosslinked with genipin for 24 and 72 h (RGECG) were characterized in terms of the swelling behavior. The increase of CG content and crosslinking time decrease the swelling behavior in water of RGECG sample. For microspheres of gelatin and oxidated cashew gum (GECGX), the increase of oxidation from 10:3 to 10:4 decrease the swelling ratio in 12.3% indicating an increase in crosslinking density by Schiff base formation between gelatin and CGX sample (10:4). Microsphere with sulfated cashew gum (GECGS) shows the highest swelling ratio among all systems investigated

In Ceará state, beekeeping is considered a survival strategy for small farmers. The objective of this research was to study technological aspects and competitiveness of beekeeping in the state. The cross section data was used. To measure the technological level, an index based on production technologies was elaborated. The main results showed that the beekeepers use 60.13% of recommended technologies. Harvest technology contributed the most for the technological index development, while management technology had the lowest participation. The beekeeping is a profit providing activity. Technical level is an important factor to determine competitiveness and technological innovation are essential to the competitiveness of this sector.

O ponto central desse documento é de apresentar o comportamento de alguns dos principais indicadores sócio-econômicos dos estados brasileiros no período 2006- 2008, os dois primeiros anos dos novos governos. A pesquisa se baseia nos microdados extraídos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD), elaborada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Esse estudo faz parte de uma série de relatórios que serão apresentados pelo LEP, sempre tendo como âncora a síntese de indicadores divulgada pelo IBGE no último dia 18 de setembro. A estratégia utilizada nesse primeiro momento foi a de fazer uma comparação do desempenho de variáveis como renda familiar per capita, desigualdade de renda, número e proporção de pobres, distribuição populacional e alguns indicadores de bem-estar social. Quando da leitura dessa pesquisa devemos ter em mente que muitos dos resultados observados podem não ser diretamente frutos dos acertos e desacertos das eventuais políticas públicas implementadas nesses anos pelos governos, haja vista que decisões tomadas em anos anteriores podem ter influências nos indicadores observados. Entretanto, isso não deve isentar os atuais governos das responsabilidades e desafios que se colocam pela frente. Nesse aspecto, acreditamos que os indicadores apresentados podem servir de parâmetro aos gestores estaduais, no sentido de utilizá-los como subsídio para adoção de ações corretivas, onde estas forem cabíveis, e/ou no aperfeiçoamento de objetivos e processos de trabalho, especialmente no tocante às políticas de cunho social. E é com essa postura que esperamos dar nossa contribuição à sociedade brasileira no sentido de contribuir para um país mais próspero e justo.

PINHEIRO-JOVENTINO, Francisca et al. Distribuição de algas marinhas no litoral de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, Fortaleza, v. 31, 1998, p. 29-40.