RCAAP Repository

Religious Education, regulated by Law 9.475/97, as an integral part of the basic education of citizens is a privileged locus for promotion of cultural recognition and assumption of people belonging to minorities, among them people with disabilities, because they present a long-term impairment of physical, intellectual or sensory nature, they are more susceptible to situations of exclusion. Thus, this research has as main objective to investigate the importance of the religious education teacher in special/inclusive education, from the perspective of human rights, in order to strengthen the inclusion process of students with disabilities in school. And the following objectives: contextualize the phenomenon of exclusion/inclusion of persons with disabilities in the mythical and historical time, and the exclusion is evidenced most visibly over time in socioeconomic, religious and education of such persons; present guiding documents aimed at inclusive education, religious education and human rights at the international and national level, seeking dialogue with these three areas of knowledge aiming at the reasoning of including students with disabilities in school; and outline the necessary knowledge for inclusive teaching from the perspective of human rights, with a religious education teacher profile reasoned from the Pedagogy of Autonomy. The dissertation was structured containing an introduction - Through the windows of the soul: resignifying looks! - Three chapters: (1) a glance at the time: the journey between exclusion and inclusion of people with disabilities to stand as a subject of rights; (2) a cutout on the look religious education: leaving the exclusion of proselytizing for the visibility of minorities! (3) The training of religious education teachers from the perspective of human rights: expanding the focus of the look; and the final considerations: a new look on the inclusion of disabled students in school. This study was conducted with a methodological approach as a theoretical-methodological documental and bibliographic research on special/inclusive education, religious education and human rights, always seeking to promote the interface between knowledge, and diversity as a guiding principle. Authors such as Santiago (2011), Silva (2009), Freire (1996; 2002), Holmes (2010), Souza (2013), Escarião (2009; 2013), Frankl (1991), Martins (1997) Junqueira (2009; 2011) Passos (2007) Gonsalves (2012; 2015a; 2015b) and others contributed to the theoretical framework.Because Religious Education has its National Curriculum Parameters - PCNER's grounded on the principles of citizenship, respect for diversity, tolerance in understanding the other and the relationship of human beings in their quest for the transcendent and within an epistemological and pedagogical vision to stand against situations of prejudice and intolerance, it becomes an appropriate curricular component to bring up issues related to inclusive education, since this also features respect for diversity as one of its guiding principle.The relevance of this research is to provoke reflections on the specific role that the teacher of Religious Education can play as a facilitator of inclusive education regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities in an open and pluralistic school, geared towards ensuring not only access for all students but to successfully remain in school.

Nowadays the relationship between spirituality and health has been increasingly narrowing. Given this perspective, the objective of this research was to understanding the meanings and the relationship between spirituality, health and care, according to the conceptions of healthcare students. There were interviewed 60 students of both genders, being half of medical school and the other half of the course of nursing, in a public university in the city of João Pessoa – PB. For data collection it was used an instrument composed of two parts: the first consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire in order to seize the age, gender, marital status, schooling, religion, religious practice and religious attendance of the participants of the study; the second part contained four questions about the study's central theme. Data were analyzed using content analysis. It was found that students of Medicine and Nursing courses attribute the concept of spirituality to religiosity, evidencing a reductionist vision of the spiritual dimension of man. Regarding the relationship between spirituality and professional care, most of medical students correlated with holistic professional attention, once they recognize the interference of spirituality in recovery of the patient. On the other hand, most nursing academics associated this relationship with the humanized care, which reflects positively on the prognosis of being careful. In relation to the interface between spirituality and health-disease process, it was noted that students of both courses recognize the influence of those in the healing process, coping the disease and the increase treatment adherence. It was concluded that a large proportion of medical students and nursing acknowledge the importance of spirituality and its influence on the health-disease process; however their speeches demonstrate the lack of discernment between what is spirituality, religion and religiosity.

The Hare-Krishna movement, classified as an orthodox Vedantist Hinduism type (also called Vaishnava Movement), is considered of utmost importance in the Western religions, not only because of its rapid growth and influence, but mainly because of its constantly highlighted as exotic appearance. Considered the core of Hinduism, the Movement is being disseminated in almost every country and main cities of the world. Arriving in Brazil on the seventh decade brougth by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupãda, the "hares"(as they are also called the devotee) had good receptivity from the occidental public. The Movement starts to form small coexistence spaces in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, after spreading to Recife, where they established the first temple, in the end of the seventh decade. Arriving to Paraíba in the beginning of the eighth decade, years later the group open its temple and, also influenced by the New Conscience Meetings, held in Campina Grande, lately its seminary, this last one being the only one from the Movement in Brazil.

Coral reefs are recognized as the largest biological structures in the oceans. They formed by building organisms (e.g. scleractinian corals and calcareous algae). In the last five decades, there have been declines in coral cover worldwide. Overfishing, pollution and increased coastal sedimentation are pointed as the main impacts responsible for declines in abundance of reef-building organisms and increases in abundance of non-building ones (e.g. algae), a process known as "phase shift". The zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum is abundant in the Atlantic, particularly in Brazil. It is able to tolerate high environmental variability and displays the highest growth rate among all Anthozoans. Moreover, it has elaborated strategies of competition for space, which makes it competitively superior to most other benthic invertebrates. The present work was performed in the Abrolhos Bank, Bahia, with the following main objectives: 1) to describe the spatio-temporal patterns in cover of P. caribaeorum across the Abrolhos Bank, 2) evaluate the relative influence of distance offshore, depth, latitude and biomass of fish zoanthid predators in the abundance of P. caribaeorum; 3) describe the benthic succession in two areas in which P. caribaeorum was excluded (one next to the coast and subject to high sedimentation levels and another far from the coast and subject to low sedimentation). The study of spatio-temporal patterns was conducted in six reefs from 2006 to 2008: Parcel dos Abrolhos (five sites), Archipelago (five sites), Timbebas (three sites), Itacolomis (eight sites), Parcel das Paredes (two sites) and Sebastião Gomes (one site). The exclusion experiment was conducted from 2006 to 2009 in the top of the reefs of sites Arenguera (Parcel das Paredes) and PAB4 (Parcel dos Abrolhos). Four 5 x 5 m areas were selected at each site. Two of them were manipulataded (all P. caribaeorum removed) and the other two were not manipulated (control). Three treatments were applied within each area: 1) closed cage, to exclude reef fish known to predate P. caribaeorum, 2) open cage (control for the effect of the cage), 3) without cage. The methods used were photo-quadrats (benthic assessments) and stationary visual census (fish assessments). The results showed that P. caribaeorum dominates the top of the reefs, with insignificant coverage in the wall. This suggests the preference of P. caribaeorum for horizontal inclination and high light levels. The relative cover of P. caribaeorum was higher in the sites PAB4, PAB5, TIM2, TIM3, ARENG and SG, and was positively influenced by depth and negatively influenced by distance offshore. The five most abundant reef fish species recognized as predatos of zoanthids in terms of biomass were A. saxatilis, P. paru, P. arcuatus, H. ciliares, and C. striatus. In the exclusion experiment, a slow recovery of P. caribaeorum was recorded in the manipulated areas, with no differences in recolonization rates between the two sites (near or away from the coast). Settlement of P.caribaeorum at the manipulated areas may have been inhibited by the proliferation iof fast growing epilithic algae, particularly inside closed cages. The overall average growth rate was higher in ARENG (0.23 cm-2.day-1) than in PAB4 (0.12 cm-2.day-1) in the manipulated area. However, in the control area of PAB4 P. caribaeorum showed a growth rate of 3.18 cm-2.day-1, while in the control area of ARENG it declined (-0.25 cm-2.day-1). Total coverage of P. caribaeorum declined in the control area of ARENG due to a bleaching event that occurred throughout the study. Conclude that: 1) environmental variables such as depth and distance from the coast, are more important than biotic (eg predation) in the dynamics of P. caribaeorum, 2) despite the coverage of P. caribaeorum present negative relationship with distance from the coast, recolonization rates were not higher at the site closest to shore, 3) coverage of P. caribaeorum increases in periods near the summer at both sites, and 3) low density of Palythoa was unfavorable for a faster process of recolonization.

The dimensions in which species share resources can be classified into three general axis: food, habitat and time. The degree of sharing can be set indirectly throughout morphological differences, foraging mode and the use of space by sympatric species. This study presented two chapters, the first of which is entitled “Niche partitioning between the sympatric lizards Phyllopezus periosus and Phyllopezus pollicaris (Sauria: Phyllodactylidae) in a Caatinga area in northeastern Brazil”. We presented data on habitat use, perch height, period of activity, diet and morphology for both species. The second chapter was to focus on the “Demographic aspects of sympatric lizards Phyllopezus periosus and Phyllopezus pollicaris (Sauria: Phyllodactylidae) in a Caatinga area in northeastern Brazil”. In this chapter, we estimated the probability of survival (apparent survival), recapture probability and population density of P. periosus and P. pollicaris. Data collection was conducted in a Caatinga area (divided into sub-areas I, II and III) in the Salgadinho municipality, Paraíba State, from April 2012 to March 2013. The search for lizards occurred between 18:00 and 5:00 am of the following day. For each individual observed and/or captured, we recorded the following information: date and time of observation, microhabitat use, time, morphometric measurements, and gender. The marking of lizards was performed using Visible Implant Fluorescent Elastomer (polymer thick liquid that once applied subcutaneously, solidifies, however, remained flexible and visible). The analysis of apparent survival and recapture probability were performed using the model Cormack-Jolly Sebber (CJS), in the software MARK 6.2. Estimates of population density were calculated by the sums the individuals sighted, divided by the area (sub-area I) used in the study. Both species occupied predominantly saxicolous microhabitats, being observed a high overlap in the use of different microhabitats. The perch height preferentially used by P. periosus and P. pollicaris was 0 and 60 cm. However, P. periosus occupied higher perches (421 to 540 cm). The first individuals of both species were sighted from 18:02 until 04:29 hours of the the following morning. The two species showed no significant differences in the activity period. The more consumed prey by P. periosus were Coleoptera, Formicidae and Hemiptera, while the most consumed items for P. pollicaris were Coleoptera, Isoptera and Araneae. Phyllopezus pollicaris presented both the trophic niche breadth based on prey number and volume higher compared to P. periosus. However, the two species showed high overlap in their diets. We not observed differences in the volume of consumed prey. Both differed in body size and body mass, but adults of P. periosus and P. pollicaris showed no intraspecific differences in body size and body mass in relation to sex. Phyllopezus periosus presented a recapture rate of 30%, while P. pollicaris showed an average rate of 19%. Only Phyllopezus pollicaris showed variation in recapture rate over time, that it was negatively correlated with average rainfall of each month. The estimated survival in both species was constant over time. Phyllopezus periosus and P. pollicaris survival estimates showed 66% and 94%, respectively. P. pollicaris presented population density greater than P. periosus throughout the study. The highest densities observed for P. periosus were in July and November 2012, as for P. pollicaris were in the months of May and November of the same year. Both species showed variations in their population abundances depending on the sub-sampled area. While P. pollicaris was more abundant in sub-area I, P. periosus was more abundant in the sub-area III. Variations in population abundances between these two species may contribute to the coexistence of the two species in the area.

From orality to mediation, narratives are surrounded by reconfiguration. The popularization of the use of computers and their post-mass functions has enhanced the ways of telling stories, bringing a communication system apparently horizontal when stories are told in environments that elevate the status of spectator to interactor. In a convergence era, these stories leave behind the narrative in a single media and become counted in a transmedia system, creating a fictional and immersive universe for viewers to interact. On one side you can see behind the scenes, the other side is the public. In the middle, a mirror that blurs fact from fiction. This text intends to resume atheoretical discussionof empirical situations on the concept of transmedia instituted by Henry Jenkins between 2000 and 2011. This discussion appears relevant from the time that new aspects of the concept become popular, and especially while new objects bring strange situations to the phenomenon, such as the national series Alice, produced and aired by HBO Latin America. Alice brings the discussion to production transmedia in Brazil, but highlights a peculiarity: the characters do not only exist on television and in social networks (Orkut, Twitter, Facebook), but also began to inhabit the everyday, the urban space, going to events and creating situations that functioned as unfolding of the events of the episodes, bringing new aspects to the concept of transmedia that Max Giovagnolli (2011) shall call "urban actions”. We question the television as this “mirror”, within this new narrative system and communication functions, and try to understand what new in bringing viewers to the center of this media.

This research aims to examine the principles of the aesthetics of editing in films produced by mobile phone. The paper analyses two short films awarded in festivals, #5calls (2010) directed by Giuliano Chiaradia and Seven Lives (2008), by Gabriel Bortolini. The proposal is to observe how these latest productions are being reconfigured in face of the audiovisual scene, from the technical and aesthetical point of view, also relating these aspects to the fragmentation of contemporary life and its cybrid context. Since it is a modern and multifaceted language, which provides experimental art tendencies, the research aims to look into the mounting of this type of production, not only as a technical operation, but mainly analysing the aesthetic implications presented. At first, under the technological perspective, the language of handheld devices and new art-media poetics, some discussions will be fomented by authors such as Lucia Santaella (2007), observing new hybrid audiovisual formats; Giselle Beiguelman (2011), discussing the artistic practices arising from the use of mobile technologies and Arlindo Machado (2007), with the expansion of the concept of cinema. In a second moment, we propose to observe the types of mounting, according to the approach of Vincent Amiel (2007) - narrative, discursive and by correspondence - as well as some of its peculiarities, among which the articulations and relations between the plans; the principles of merging and transmission; the representation of the world and the dominant aesthetic procedures, using authors like Jacques Aumont (2011), Ismail Xavier (2011) Sergei Eisenstein (2002) and André Bazin (2014) to point relevant issues in mounting theories. As a method, we used the analysis of the image, as of Martine Joly (2010), highlighting three crucial steps towards aesthetic comprehension: decomposing the videos into parts to be analyzed; establishing relationships between the decomposed elements and, finally, interpreting them according to aesthetic theory of the assembly, based on Vincent Amiel (2007). The analysis, which is the last chapter, brings up relevant discussions of current videographic practices through the selection of eight short films – all produced using mobile phones, and more specifically the assembly of these productions, in an aesthetic perspective. The focus, however, are the short films of Bortolini and Chiaradia, which are examined in more detail, dialoguing directly with the issues raised in chapters one and two of this research.

Communication technologies that are part of everyday life are creating new ways to interact and even rearrange old society demands. Inside the collective actions context, specifically in environmental activism, mediated communication is presented as a source of considerable importance, but the consequences and ramifications are still little known. In this context, this research aims to analyze the appropriation of the Internet and New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC) thru environmental activism, based on the trajectory of the movement “Floresta Faz a Diferença” – FFD - on Facebook. We try to verify how cyberactivism is developed by the Environmental Movement - MA, whereas the FFD was conducted by the Committee in Defense of Brazil Forests and Sustainable Development which brought together nearly 200 civil society organizations to mobilize people against the adoption of the “Projeto de Lei Complementar” (PCL 30/2011) with proposed changes to the forest Code of the country. The north of our reflections relies on the concept of mediatization as the process by which society has transformed the basis of its organization, incorporating new media values to the individual and collective social practices. We look forward to understand how the making process of activist generated by NICT works, discussing the supposed loss of its Brazilian MA roots, as Alexander Agrippa (2000) argues. The research highlights the mobilizing potential of social media networks generated by media ecology that orchestrates the interaction and relationship of mutual influence which has established itself among the most new media (transmitter / individual) and traditional media (capitalist corporations). We identify a strong presence of the media capital in the cyber activists FFD practices in social media networks as we emphasize the status of cooperation in the proceedings on the cultural dynamics of appropriation of the internet as the ambience in which new practices thrive in a culture of constant training . The MA represented by FFD follows an activist role that excels in media coverage of their actions in favor of mobilization that strengthens, in the online world, building a multiple sensorial identity (VIOLA, 1992). Thus, reinforces the importance of distinguishing this strong mobilizer character of network communication, the power of political transformation on the complexity brand that involves communication in contemporary society and matters concerning some risks on emptying the content of environmentalist message caused by discursive adaptations among different sectors that compose it, especially with the media coverage of its activism.

This research develops an analysis of the seduction strategies used by the newspaper Já – which has been in circulation in Paraíba since 2009, oriented for the C, D and E social segments. For such, we selected 53 editions from January and May 2012, because these are the most recent months with consolidated and available data and respectively they are the ones with the highest and the lowest number of murders in the state, according to the Government’s Health Department. Our objective is to identify the produced meanings from the narratives in that specific newspaper when it comes down to physical violence and its related matters. In the research, concepts like popular journalism, public’s interest, sensationalism, physical violence and photojournalism are discussed. We find it’s indispensable to use the Content Analysis – as well as its structures like inferences, categorization, description and interpretation – as methodology, considering it allows us to understand the implicit meanings and get a further comprehension of the analyzed objects. These theoretical and methodological references served as the basis for the expansion and reachof the objectives, in which the route were perceived characteristics and the style of the analyzed newspaper as well as elements that support the newspaper as criteria of seduction public.

The objective of this study is to analyze the imaginary manifestations about the language in texts published by Veja magazine between 2000-2012. Nine images about language and two canonical narratives were identified and characterized that cross the publication during this period of 12 years and analyzed how they dialogue with the symbolic and mythic dimension of the news. Covered up all the magazine content, making no distinction between the various journalistic genres of texts analyzed. The corpus has 16 reports, two boxing texts and three interviews which is subject any topic related to human language. In total, has 21 published texts. The selection of materials was qualitative in nature. The research technique used to identify how the imaginary about the language is manifested in Veja was mitocrítica, which aims to infer from cultural manifestations of a society which are the directors myths behind these productions. The approach adopted in this work is phenomenological, describing the symbolic forms of journalistic narratives. This research is descriptive, the document type. It is emphasized as from the General Gilbert Durand Imaginary Theory, as the myths are shown specifically in the texts on the language of Veja magazine as from a dialogue between real and dream, universal and particle, where the imaginary capacity sapiens is filled with historical, social and cultural moments present in the publication, creating their own symbols and mythologies. The theoretical assumption adopted was symbolic work of news (MOTTA, 2006), stating that the texts reported daily by the journalistic media are not just reflections of everyday life, or a representation of the world, but perform an aesthetic experience, factual and diegetic , thus producing the "narrative effect" in the news and press reports. As a result of the study was possible to see how the journalistic narratives about human language published by See, as a holder of symbolic systems that reconstruct reality, not just report facts, events and everyday episodes, but also resort to symbolic meanings, myths and archetypes that are far beyond 'pure and simple information'.

Biometrics offers a reliable authentication mechanism that identifies the users through their physical and behavioral characteristics. The problem of face recognition is not trivial because there are many factors that affect the face detection and recognition, as for example, lighting, face position, hair, beard, etc. This work proposes to analyze the effects of geometric and lighting normalization on face recognition techniques, aiming to adapt them to uncontrolled environments. The results show that the utilization of background information in the normalization process increases the face recognition error rates and this happens in many papers in the literature. The lighting and geometric normalization methods, when performed with precise points of the eyes centers, effectively help in face recognition.

This research proposes to analyze the primer “MOBRAL’s Alphabetization Script”, from 1978, confronting with the freirean educational alphabetization purpose. “Conceiving de education as human right refers to consider the human being in his ontology vocation of wanting to be more” (SACAVINO, 2007, p. 458). So, we locked for the freirean pedagogy, the human rights, the Brazilian historic context, in the 1960 begnning, until the military dictatorship (1964-1985), the evidences of the education violation, as human right, in the script and in the documental and bibliographical MOBRAL’s studies. Therefore, the evidence method is our way. In this manner, we did a comparative study between freirean alphabetization purpose and the “MOBRAL’s Functional Education Program”, that we reported to the “Alphabetization Script Primer”, the “MOBRAL’s Base Document”, the Freire (1967;1979), Germano (1994), Jannuzzi (1979), Saviani (2008), Cunha; Góes (1985) studies and others. In the “MOBRAL’s Alphabetization Script Primer”, 1978, track was found an experience vestige of education to never more. The research showed that the MOBRAL’s alphabetization words were not the world full words, as in the freirean perspective, but in social mean empty words, life empty words, that considered the popular knowledge, the exclusion situation and the reality transformation capacity, using the world reading in articulation to the word reading.

This piece of work brings the challenge of presenting the Jurema Sacred as a theme related to Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous matrices and Religious Education, performing historical and cultural revival of the Northeastern Indians and presenting a didactic approaching proposal for this subject in the classroom. The work was organized in three parts, in which the introductory holds the research presentation, its theoretical and methodological basis and a series of concepts constructed from Sciences of Religions authors, such as religion, magic, pedagogical practice and education. Besides being essentially bibliographic, this work also counts on empirical anthropological activities, such as observation, interviews with semi-structured instruments and oral history narratives. The second chapter presents a historical synthesis of Religious Education in Brazil, from pre-Cabral times to contemporaneity, linking it to the history of Brazilian education in general. The last chapter finally presents the Jurema Sacred as an afro-indigenous religion, originated in principal from the Northeastern Indians, highlighting Paraíba’s Indians and the development of their religious practice in this State, especially focusing the attention on the practicing of the Catimbó in the city of Alhandra. The main attempt is to situate this subject in the educational field and to develop a didactic proposal for how to approach it with the student community. The research counts on an extensive specialized bibliography, including: Roger Bastide (1945), Figuereido (1976) , Darcy Ribeiro (1995) ,Neuhof (1942), Mello (2002), Gândavo (2007), Léry (1961) and; some other authors more specified in the subject like Vanderzande (1975), Assunção (2010), Salles (2010), Andrade (1983) , Mota (2007). It also includes some other theorists that developed considerations about Sciences of Religions and Religious Education, connected to other fields of knowledge, such as: Eliade (2009), Agnolin (2013), Hanegraaff (1966), Lévy-Strauus (1975), Guerriero (2010), Park (2010) and the excellent significant references in education of Freire (1996), Libâneo (1992), etc. Legal basis such as the law 11.645 of the LDBEN, its article 33, and the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, approved by the resolution number 47/135, at the General Assembly of the UN in December 18th, 1992, also supported the work in a whole. Reflections on the curriculum construction and the history of the Religious Education in Brazil, and its consolidation as a curricular component, are also highlighted in this work.

This paper presents a study about the relationship between the arcane traditions, alchemy, astrology, Hermeticism, Kabbalah, and the construction of the system of the Newtonian world. The discovery and subsequent publication of Newton‟s scholia drew a man to whom the mythical language and scientific language were converging. Their belief in Prisca Sapientia [pristine wisdom, primeval], led him to an attitude of reverence to the ancients‟ knowledge, hence their immersion in the mystical philosophy whose tenets have exerted a substantial influence in the development of their work. Indeed, we show that to Newton, science and mysticism was a unison reality. His natural philosophy cannot be dissociated from their metaphysical speculations. We also point out the fact that religion and mysticism are instances that do not overlap, and signaled in the text that the historical separation between religion and science was the product of political circumstances rather than philosophical. Comprising mainly literature, this work was constructed from a historical analysis of primary and secondary sources. We based the study of key works by Newton on an exhaustive reading of the leading biographers and commentators of his work, such as Richard S. Westfall, James Gleick, David Berlinski, Richard Brennan, Michael White, Philip Ashley Fanning, Bernard Cohen, John Henry, Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs, Edwin Burtt, among other classic authors. In light of this hermeneutic, we point out the nature, the scope and the implications of mysticism influence in Newtonian work. Isaac Newton‟s life and work emerge as platforms to revisit the ambivalent nature of the modern experimental science origins and foundations. This is the configuration of a new way to make history, producing knowledge under an integral historiographical perspective.

The study sought to analyze the performance of the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues in memory preservation and promotion of human rights. We used literature sources, electronic sites, desk research and fieldwork with the oral history methodology, which provided a further insight into what this Memorial represents in the lives of its creators, current members and residents of the Barra de Antas Community. It was done an outline of the economic, social and cultural human rights birth, which globally were born late regarding to the civil rights. It was also treated the policy directed to the Rights of Memory and Truth, that was strengthened by the approval of the National Human Rights Program (NHRP-3) and creation of the National Commission for Truth, which has been trying to repair the suffering caused to the victims of the civil-military regime with the clarification of the facts that prove Human Rights violation by political motivation. We conducted a historical investigation about the origin of the Peasant Leagues in Brazilian northeast. The expansion, actions and achievements of the Ingenuity Galileia's Leagues, from Pernambuco and Sapé, Paraíba, were analyzed until the Civil-Military Coup of 1964 when they were eliminated. The history of the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues was reconstructed since 2006 up to the current days, particularly based on testimonials of people who attended his birth and who act in their activities. It was found that the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues is not only a memory space or historical heritage, but a space of identity formation, politics and struggle for human rights especially in Barra de Antas. It was found that violence is still strong in the Brazilian countryside and despite progress there are obstacles to the realization of Agrarian Reform in Brazil. Although democratic, the Federal Constitution is not present in its fullness in the daily lives of all Brazilians, particularly those who live in the countryside.

Hoy en día, la educación religiosa es parte de las áreas de conocimiento, que suministra para la composición del plan de estudios de la educación primaria brasileña, como es requerido por la Resolución N ° 2 de la Cámara de Educación Básica, de 7 de abril de 1998. En vista de ello, esta componente debe ser guiado en el proceso de indagación, la investigación y la convivencia con el fin de garantizar el respeto de la diversidad cultural religiosa de Brasil. Entendemos que, por lo que por lo tanto necesitamos una formación específica docente en el área de las Ciencias de las Religiones. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis, nos pusimos las siguientes preguntas: cómo configurar la práctica pedagógica de un sujeto que tiene inicial y la formación continua en el ámbito de las Ciencias de las Religiones y que viene de otra área? Estos maestros tienen el conocimiento para garantizar la experiencia necesaria para una práctica docente coherente y de calidad? Conocer este contexto, utilizamos la literatura especializada y la investigación de campo. Nosotros recogemos nuestros datos mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario con respuestas abiertas (LAVILLE; DIONNE, 1999) e hicimos la observación no estructurada (LAVILLE; DIONNE, 1999) clases de Educación Religiosa en tres escuelas municipales de la ciudad de Natal / RN, con el participación de cuatro profesores de Educación Religiosa de este sistema escolar. Cabe señalar también que nuestros objetivos son: para observar cómo se producen las clases de Educación Religiosa de empleados profesores Buscar Navidad municipal en contextos de enseñanza y diferentes momentos; identificar, en este tipo de clases, la práctica pedagógica del profesor de Educación Religiosa - lo que hacen y cómo lo hacen; y considerar si hay puntos comunes en las prácticas pedagógicas de los profesores que tienen delante una formación específica para los que no. Por lo tanto, se observó que la formación de los sujetos de investigación ha reflexionado sobre su papel como maestros de educación religiosa. Los maestros que no tienen una formación básica en esta área del conocimiento presenta inconsistencia en cuanto a lo que está funcionando y, por ahora, no puede hacerlo correctamente. Sin embargo, nos damos cuenta de que el maestro que tiene la formación también señala algunos problemas en el requisito didáctico-pedagógico de la Educación Religiosa. Por lo tanto, esta tesis está dirigida a profesores de educación religiosa ya todos los que se dedican a los estudios de Ciencias de las Religiones

The objective of this research was to analyse the preparatory course for Female Prison Officers, held in the state of Paraiba between 2008 and 2013 and its relation with training in human rights. The methodology employed included bibliographic research in books, scientific articles, theses and dissertations which dealt with the issue; documentary research in the School of Prison Management; and interviews with ten prison officers who work at the Maria Julia Maranhão Centre of Female Re-education (CRFMJM). Data collection was carried out between October 2013 and February 2014. The interviews were recorded and the data organised and analysed making use of Bardin‟s (2002) technique for the analysis of content. The dissertation is organized in fourth chapters: the first deals with questions about the prison as a social system and the work of the prison staff; the second discusses the education and training of prison staff considering the guide-lines offered by specific legal documents; the third discusses the issue of education in human rights in the process of prison officer training; and the fourth is dedicated to reflections on the data collected. Our systematisation of the discussion on the data allowed us to conclude, in general terms, that the course informed more than formed the officers concerning their functions in the prison and did not take the training of officers based on the principles of human rights as its chief goal. For this reason, we propose the use of a methodology founded on education in human rights for the training of prison staff.

This research tends to explicit the synthetic manner of a philosophical trajectory about Arthur Schopenhauer´s theory (1788-1860) with the sacred philosophy of hinduism. Furthermore, we will analyze in a conceptual hermeneutic form of the thon I and II of his maximum work the world as will and representation from 1819, as for Upanishads: Isha, Kena e Mundaka. In addition to it, we will conceive which elements and tendencies propose to the philosopher from Danzig the authentic access to the oriental philosophy, as well for the existent relation in his thought that inexorably establish an analogy yet in his youth as a deforce element in his maximum thesis about the will. This way discoursing, we realize that the will acts in its many variety levels of objectivities, strutting the existence of things through the plurality of the states that result in uniqueness essence of the being while thing-into-it.

In this present study, we will try to show the ways the anthropophagy went through in Brazil since the colonizers arrival until the way we treat the subject nowadays throughout our society. For that, we will use the ethnographic reports and the explorers’ history chronicles from the centuries XIV and XV as the stydy parameter, where they detail the anthropophagy rituals seen in the new world. However, we will comply with the narratives which specifically observed the Tupinambá behaviour. The reports analysis will show us how the anthropophagy was seen and treated by the Europeans at the first moment. Then, we will try to show how the anthropophagy was lived by the Brazilian people and where this extinct religious tradition found space to survive into the brazilian culure and imagination. Since the period of colonization until today the anthropophagy handled a long and hard way, seen as an absurd animality as well as a cultural taboo, or something to be ignored, usually not well seen or misunderstood. We still have, into our collective unconscious, the same ideas the explorers had about cannibalism at the discovery period. In this study, we intend to bring up a new vision, show the other side, the indian version of anthropophagy, not as an act of animality but as an integral part of their religious life as well as a crucial part for the national identity formation. For that, we will use, as a method of analysis and support, the symbolic eliadian hermeneutics and the General Theory of the Imaginary, by Gilbert Durand. With those, we show where the sacred is, considering the indian anthropophagy rituals and also where the sacrad anthropophagy is in our society, demonstrating that the sentence “ We are all cannibals” by the French anthropologist Lévi-Straus perfectly fits the Brazilian profile, specially because the anthropophagy is still present whithin the Brazilians.

This study has as objective to search interfaces on the curricular proposal of the program school Zé Peão and its possible articulations with the religious teaching. Since there is a need to include the religious teaching on the curricular proposal of this program, once that this teaching is recognized by legislations of global and local education in Brazil as field of knowledge. This argumetation takes place by the fact the religious teaching becomes a specific part of the popular education, since that education is focused on a cultural diversity. The discussion was supported, legitimated and concluded through guidelines and bases of education (LDB de n° 9394/96), Curricular parameters for the religious teaching (PCNER, 1997), in addition, bibliographic interlocutions were made with important theorists such as: Freire (1980, 1981, 1983, 2004), Zotti (2004), Passos (2007), Junqueira e Blanck (2013), Silva (2011), and other authors, also through methodological qualitative procedures done in this study, which was made a state of art of the bibliography available by the program of graduate degree in education (PPGE/UFPB), with the analysis of the pedagogical (planning and sistematization) of the year and atuation of the author in the program school Zé Peão (PEZP) and by the analysis of speech made by educators, coordenators and idealizator of the program.