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Several studies have shown that sociability television network allows the audience to collaborate with content produced collectively. In this context, this paper discussed how the interactive process between Digital TV and social networks - known as Social TV - and this relationship can be an alternative to the public university TVs produce content more quality offering viewers new possibilities for participation. Through an exploratory research and visits to the Digital Video Applications Laboratory (LAVID) UFPB be established that the integration between Public Digital Interactive TV and social networking is possible to happen if we consider that the concept and implementation of the Social TV Digital TV is the result of the integration with social networks. For better understanding of this process, a theoretical proposal was elaborated an interactive program for UFPB TV was demonstrated the importance of Social TV and the university TVs can be a way to stimulate the participation of society in the production of content for Interactive Digital TV Public.

The research brings some previous movies of the Danish filmmaker that keep a relation with the aesthetic atmosphere and extra-filmic performance embraced, and, through an approach about the stylistic, mythical and performatic language, makes a poetic essay on the theme. The present study establishes reflections on the technical resources (photography, color temperatures, edition) as well as about the mise en scène that the filmmaker uses to narrate such apocalyptic plot. This imagery speech was an instrument to work with issues related to finitude, the cosmogony, the melancholy and the imaginary. The dissertation also analyzes the performative role of the author and how this content can influence the viewer’s fruition, it also considerates how this process - before the press - functions as a crucial element of insertion of Danish cinema in the international market, specifically the production company founded by Trier and Peter Aalbeak, the Zentropa.The main theoretical support to deal with authorship, extra film and contemporary melancholy are: Michel Foucault, Mikhail Bahktin and Maria Rita Kehl and to understand the archetypes and the filmic aesthetics in the narrative: Carl Jung, Gilbert Durand, David Bordwell, Jack Stevenson Giorgio Agamben and Arthur Schopenhauer.

The increase in the appearing of startups increases the importance of their studies in economic and academic field worldwide. Still, the academic production that involves the diffusion of innovation and its relationship with startups is still unusual. This dissertation seeks to connect these companies with studies of diffusion of innovation as Moore e Benbasat (1991), Rogers (1995), Hall (2006) e Agarwal e Prasad (1997), aiming at improving the understanding of the subject in the specific niche startups and expand the understanding of the process of innovation beyond R&D. The study can be used to improve the targeting of government strategies, of programs of incentive for innovation and the actions that promote the appearing startups and their development. This work describes the user’s perceptions of the produces innovations by startup based in the studies aforementioned. Based in empirical evidences cropped with the use of semi-structured interviews, it was researched three startup founders and eleven users in total. The results was obtained by theme/category-based content analysis divided by company and in sequence, it was made a comparative analysis, and listing the divergences between startups. It was possible to identify that the studied companies take action to promote the diffusion of innovation, and that, in short, much of these actions were perceived by customers as the explicit cost, compatibility, relative advantage, ease of use, willingness to use and support tools to the implementation. Other variables, therefore, shows little influence in the diffusion of innovation, as public policies, that exist, however they was not used by the studied companies, therefore they did not influence their growth, and the variables of geographic diffusion, that did not show total influence in the studied companies. And the variables of the model of diffusion of innovation, as the observability, image and access to prior information. In the end, it was suggested variables that can possibly influence the outcome of diffusion of innovations from startups, as the business model, the different testing time, relative advantages in profits or efficiency, which could overcome other determinants. As for the contributions of this study, it can be considered a better understanding of diffusion of innovation in startups, and the limitations of the model in the subject of intensity of the variables and variables that negatively influence, which can indicate futures studies not just about the raising chances of success, but the raising chances of failure too.

Cooperation refers to the active involvement of workers with the goals of the company. As well, it is a dynamic phenomenon that settles from a complex web of ties or relationships. The literature on the subject suggests that cooperation between employees and employers is based on a combination of economic, political, ideological and psychological elements. The understanding of this phenomenon brings up a discussion about some central themes related to the worker process such as the practices of personnel management, labor relations, mechanisms of control and power relations. Concerning to this research, these themes were used as a support for the analysis of links that make up the cooperation among the working class considered. It also points out the consequences of those themes for the subjectivity of these workers, their resistance strategies and trade union activities. According to the case study technique, this approach focus on the experiences of the workers of a large company, shipbuilding and offshore industry, located in the Suape Complex in Pernambuco. The instruments used for data collection were documentary research, personal and group interviews with workers and trade unionists, respectively. Besides, the material includes informal conversations with an Auditor of the Public Ministry of Labour, responsible for the Port’s labour inspection. The data studies (from the technique of content analysis) and the interpretation of the results demonstrated the absence of people’s management practices able to engage and enhance the worker's capacities, the presence of a management model marked by coercion and authoritarianism, the hostility to trade union action and the threat of resignation as a tool of intimidation. Together, that situation configures the pattern of the involvement. Therefore, it shows the levels of workers' cooperation at the company. Overall, the results of the investigation demonstrate that cooperation is marked by coercive practices as far as the worker's agreement is related to menaces of unemployment. The relationships of explicit domination and exploitation are typical of a managerial culture covered with an extreme accuracy and authoritarianism. It also corresponds to traditional patterns of labor relations in Brazil. However, these traces of domination live together with the critical and resistance potential of the working class. This research allowed the understanding that cooperation is based both on authoritarian pressure imposed by the company as in the forms of adaptation and resistance developed by workers.

This study had as objective to analyze the dimensions of the teaching learning environment in Administration in the Northeast of Brazil in the administrator formation process. To achieve this purpose, the following specific objectives were established: a) identify the historical trajectory Administration undergraduate teaching northeastern Brazil from the reporting teachers who participated in the creation process of these courses; b) to characterize the dimensions of the administrator formation of the learning environment; c) discuss the influences on education in Business Administration in the Northeast from the learning environment dimensions; d) Propose guidelines for regionalized training administrator. Therefore, it approached the context of formation of administrators in the Northeast. Then, there was a historical Administration in undergraduate education in the Northeast, emphasizing adherence to teaching models for American business and developmental perspective. Still, there is a curriculum of courses in the region and discusses the dimensions of the learning environment, highlighting the following: historical-political, structural and institutional, cultural, social and technological-virtual. It also discusses the significance of the agents involved in promoting a qualified education, namely students, teachers, managers and practical, beyond the important role of government, universities and other institutions. The participants were nine teachers involved with the creation and development of the Administration course in the region. The interviews were transcribed and coded, and subsidize the categorization of discourse divided in the first three dimensions presented. The review process was guided by the interpretative paradigm and adopted a qualitative approach, since the theme of the discussion was built from the reports of interviewed teachers, of which emerged categories that relate to each other through the dimensions focused at work. The results showed that the dimensions of the learning environment effectively play a leading role in teaching Administration. The current situation results from a historical trajectory, permeated by conflicts and political interests, not only at national, but also regional or universities. The physical structure and institutional support to the promotion of a qualified education are among the most prominent factors in qualified training. Still, the cultural and social perspective impacts on the quality of education in Administration, where it is, the knowledge about the peculiarities of the regional context. The use of technological resources can assist the process of teaching and learning, if used taking into account the suitability to the conditions available and own use by organizational forms in the region. The identity of the course, teaching, and administrator still is pervasive not only internally, but also to society at large, necessitating an effective action of the Federal and Regional Councils and for the regulation and delimitation administrator characteristic professional context. In this sense, this thesis proposes some guidelines contextual, culminating in actions that can facilitate teaching in Management through a more regional training from the dimensions of the local learning environment. Finally, it is concluded that a regionalized training is in an alternative to promote closer ties between teaching and learning environment in order to align themselves with the possibilities of professional experience in management in the Northeast.

Red wine made from Vitis labrusca accounts for 80% of Brazilian production. ‘Isabel’ is the name of the grape culture which has been attracting more and more attention in the Brazilian production of low-cost red table wine, which in turn has been widely consumed by various social classes. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the quality of dry red wine made from Isabel grapes, produced in two different regions of Brazil: one from the Siriji Valley, in a small, family-owned farm, in the town of São Vincente Férrer, in Northeastern Brazil (whose wine will be referred to as ‘IS’), and the other from the Serra Gaúcha, a region known for its wine production, located in Southern Brazil (whose wine will be referred to as IsB, IsSC and IsBb). In this context, the present study analyzed the physicochemical parameters required by the existing Brazilian legislation on wine, quantified the chemical parameters of phenolic compounds, organic acids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity, and characterized the sensory profile and volatile compounds of wine made from Isabel grapes. The Northeastern wine (IS) produced in a small estate, presented only two parameters which were not in accordance with Brazilian legislation: alcoholic strength and level of reducing sugars, which indicates that there were some flaws in the vinification process. In general, the Southern wine samples (IsB, IsSC, IsBb) showed greater concentrations of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and superior anthocyanins. These values lead to a greater antioxidant capacity of Southern wine samples in relation to ABTS and ORAC methods. However, IS wine stood out for its greater antioxidant capacity in relation to the DDPH radical, possibly due to the presence of trans-Cinnamic acid; it also presented resveratrol concentrations which were in the same range as those of other wine samples. Before analysis of volatiles, a study was carried out on the optimization of volatile compound extraction in dry red table wine using SPME technique. The best conditions for extraction were: equilibrium time (teq) of 15 minutes; volatile extraction time of (teq) of 35 minutes; volatile extraction temperature (T) of 30 °C. Fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified in the volatile profile of the red wine samples; of these, the ones which stood out were esters (40%); followed by terpenes (20%), alcohols (17%), aldehydes and ketones (10%) and amines (3%). The remaining compound classes only accounted for 8%. The red wine samples made from Isabel grapes were sensorily characterized by 14 descriptors. It was noticed that aroma descriptors such as pungent, hot and volatile acidity were at their highest in the Northeastern wine samples, which was important, since it helped to differentiate these IS samples from the ones from Southern Brazil (p < 0.05). PCA analysis confirmed this differentiation between samples. It was noticed that the fruity descriptors were the ones which contributed the most to the aromatic profile of the samples analyzed. Therefore, one can conclude that the results obtained show the potential of wine production in Northeastern Brazil, making it necessary to improve the production process in this region.

In this study, organizations are not seen as static structures driven by predetermined goals formally, but as symbolic fields sustained by daily actions and interactions through practices and organizing, including social learning and sociomateriality. The practice analyzed was the tourism, initially regarded as a social and economic phenomenon responsible for the movement of the service sector. Therefore, after a refinement promoted by reflections during the empirical phase, arose the question: how occur the organizing and learning of tourism as a practice located on the waterfront of João Pessoa/PB? Aiming to answer the question, we identified etnometodological the set of activities that constitute tourism as practice in waterfront João Pessoa / PB. In line with the Practice Based Studies on the method employed was ethnomethodology and techniques of data collection were used visual data, observation record in field notes, interviews and informal conversations. The waterfront where are situated the beaches of Manaíra, Tambaú and Cabo Branco in Joao Pessoa - PB this was the area in which the research was conducted, in addition to the prior process of attending meetings of the Local Management waterfront Committee. Data analysis was performed after triangulation, based on five key concepts of ethnomethodology garfinkiliana, whether achievement, indexicality, accountability, reflexivity and the member notion. The results indicate that the set of sociomateriais elements (human and nonhuman) that underpin tourism as practice in waterfront allowed illustrate how the material offers new possibilities to use this space. Finally, promoted a reflection on the process of social learning and practice of tourism on the waterfront from which it was found indeed that organizing and learning are intimately related parts of the same process. As a social practice, a new concept of tourism is presented as well as the constraints faced in the research and suggestions for future research.

This research aims to understand the sense construction of student statements in e-forums/classes of a course from UAB/UFPB Virtual, according to the dialogic theory of language from Bakhtin and the Circle, for whom the dialogism is an essential condition to the statement production. The leading issue has the objective to answer: “What dialogic relations do the students constitute, in the e-forums/classes, to the comprehension and production of senses in their texts?”. The interest in this study emerges with the researcher experience in superior courses of online distance teaching, that pointed to the need of more researches dedicated to the teaching-learning of the reading and writing processes, focusing on the formation of the responsive-active reader subject. As a research methodology, we opted for the netnographic field study because it allows the immersion of the researcher in loco to the direct observation of language actions of the researched group in different phases, propitiating the surveying, selection and analysis of data. The data were collected through the following instruments: the field diary; the AVA Moodle (1.9.3+ version); the SPRING and 04 sounding questionnaires used in the pilot phase of the research. The corpus is constituted of 50 statements produced by students, in 02 e-forums/classes, in the year of 2010, as responses to activities proposed by a discipline of a course from UAB/UFPB Virtual. Based on the bakhtinian theory – in special, the speech of others and the presumed discourse –, we elaborated the analytical categories to investigate how the voice of others is materialized in the students’ statements. The results evidence that the students interact, basically, with three social voices in the e-forums/classes: the voice of the teacher, the discussed text, and other students which participate of the virtual class. These dialogical relations constituted by students, in the analyzed e-forums, do not always influence, positively, the construction of their statements, because a fragmented reading, or even, an unclear interpretation, when reproduced, collaborate to the thematic deviation, mischaracterizing the e-forums/classes by not having the debate of opinions, but the reproduction of discourses. Among these social relations, the most expressive is the interaction “student-student”, responsible for these deviations, considering that the comprehension of “one” student influences the answer of the “other” in the e-forum/classes. We concluded that this more restrict interaction between “student-student” generate many problems of comprehension in the virtual class, since their statements interact, in their majority, only with generalized and/or fragmented ideas of the texts, creating unsatisfactory responses in relation to the comprehension of the discourses objects. Because of this, the teacher-tutor must be more present in the discussions realized in the e-forums/aula, propitiating a more ample and constructive dialogue between student-text and student-student to avoid such thematic deviations. We also noticed that the studies of Bakhtin and the Circle were significant to understand the construction of the responsive-active reader subject in the teaching-learning of Portuguese language in the online distance teaching.

The focus of this paper is centered on the analysis of how Interactive Infographics has been used for reporting and reconfiguring the productive dynamics of the news. Thereunto, six infographics of the website Jornal Folha de São Paulo were analyzed as a webjornalística and infographic construction. With technological development new forms of communication have emerged through the Internet Culture and transformations occurred mainly in the field of journalism, directly affecting its productive practice. The main objective of the dissertation focuses on analyzing the use of interactive infographic language in the production processes of journalistic web news. We start from an exploratory research was used to observe and analysis of infographics chosen as corpus. This study enabled the discovery of the phenomenon of infonews, which are made news with interactive infographics resources and that are framed in that concern the productive processes of journalism.

The present study analyzes the process of participatory streaming as part of the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Our purpose is to investigate the dynamics present within this process, taking as basis the notions of participation, post-massive functions and media convergence. We tried to find in the studies of theorists who analyze the motivations for a relationship with the media, at different times, such as McLuhan (1981), Wolton (2007), Lemos and Lévy (2010), vectors of a historical progression in media participation interest. We developed a reflection on what is intrinsic to the human being and reconfigures in the media processes, realising participation as a key concept for this analysis, in Diaz Bordenave (1994). Through the concept of massive and post-massive functions by Lemos and Lévy (2010) we seek to understand the transformations that the so-called new media provide to the of mass communication processes, analyzed by Wolf (2005). This confrontation gave us the foundation needed to start the presentation of the concept of horizontal mass media. We also hold in check the concept of media convergence, seeking a broad overview on the subject. From proposed convergence categories, we analyzed three cases of converged participation in participatory streaming: the talk show Roda Viva on the Internet, the band Arcade Fire concert on YouTube Live and a Brazilian soccer team match broadcasting in the website GloboEsporte.com. We concluded that, in the cases analyzed, we detected the formation of a horizontal mass media, established in a kind of convergence that mix media of different functions (massive and post-massive), in a collective experience that at the same time provides direct dialogue among the interactors.

This research analyzed how newspapers Correio da Paraíba and Jornal da Paraíba reported news about young adults who were victims of violent crimes, in Cidades and Últimas sections, throughout a sample of 2014. The objective was to identify the meaning behind the choices made by both media, verifying aspects as the importance given to this kind of article, the published content’s diversity, the sources heard by the reporters, the news character, as well as the perceptions regarding youth, criminality and the individuals judged as deviants. The Content Analysis was the method chosen because it can identify the news tendencies, turning the raw data (like texts and images) into clear and justified statistics. The quantitative aspect also makes it possible to have a qualitative analytical approach, evaluating the details observed through the frequencies. In order to do it all, authors from communication, sociology, anthropology and Content Analysis were essential, such as Cremilda Medina, Mauro Wolf, Mar de Fontcuberta, Émile Durkheim, Howard Becker, Roberto DaMatta, Pierre Bourdieu, Mario Margulis, Marcelo Urresti, Michel Foucault, Laurence Bardin and Heloiza Herscovitz, debating themes as news values, crime, deviation, violence, youth and the methodological viability. Achieving the goals of this research, it was verified that, in general, both media reported news similarly: there is no consensual vision about what being young is like, nor any differential because of how young the victims are; both newspapers focus on answering the journalistic lead paragraph (who did what, when, where, how and why), only describing the occurrences by what they heard from official sources; there is no photographs attached, nor any highlights on the covers of the gazettes; mostly, there isn’t almost any purposed reflections concerning what those reported cases mean beyond what it is stated. Therefore, the media reports follow a standard, as if the journalist only answered to mandatory questions in a form. This is why the victims could be exchanged among the reports without any need to make changes on news’ structures. It’s clear though that both newspapers have potential to get over this kind of bureaucracy related to the way the reports are written and go much further on their narratives, as seen in other news about different subjects. However, it’s believed that this situation is due to the fact that both media don’t think the victimization of young adults is newsworthy enough, but keep posting about them in order to reinforce their panoptic social surveillance.

The demand for foods with balanced nutritional composition and that may also provide additional health benefits is required by today's consumers. These are called functional food product, that includes the probiotics, i.e., foods added from cultures of micro-organisms which act as processing therapeutic agents. To provide benefits, these micro-organisms must be suitable to certain criteria such as survival throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Other criteria include non-toxic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms and ability to prevent or inhibit the growth of organisms harmful to health. Foods are considered as an ideal instrument for the supply of probiotics to the human gastrointestinal tract by a protective effect on the probiotic strains during passage to its site of action, the intestine. Thus, the micro-organisms must be compatible with the matrix product: processing, storage conditions, ingredients, physical and chemical properties and the presence of competing micro-organisms and inhibitors, to maintain viability and desired properties. Dairy products are the main food matrices supplemented with probiotics such as yogurt, fermented milks, cheeses, dairy beverages and dairy desserts. Cheese have advantages such as: high pH, increased buffering capacity, nutrient available, low oxygen content. In the review article, the present study approached features associated to probiotics emphasizing research related to the use of cheese as a matrix and evaluation in vitro or in vivo about the topic. This research also includes an article that evaluated the viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 that was added to semi-hard goat cheese (Coalho) when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The inhibitory effects of this strain against pathogenic bacteria in goat Coalho cheese were also evaluated during 21 days of refrigerated storage. After in vitro digestion, no change in the viable cell count of L. rhamnosus (6.75 log CFU/g) was observed compared with the count before exposure to oral conditions (6.55 log CFU/g). When evaluated against S. aureus, L. rhamnosus exhibited the inhibition rates of 1.55%, 1.7% and 21.66% at 7, 14 and 21 days of storage, respectively. Furthermore, against Salmonella Enteritidis, the inhibition rates were 4.36%, 5.33% and 5.51% at 7, 14 and 21 days of storage, respectively; against Escherichia coli at 7 days of storage, the inhibition rate was 7.98%; and against Listeria monocytogenes, the inhibition rates were 2.62%, 1.57% and 10.23% at 7, 14 and 21 days of storage, respectively. These results indicate that goat Coalho cheese has a protective effect on the viability of L. rhamnosus EM1107 during artificial digestion. In addition, this strain could be used as a protective culture to delay the growth of pathogenic bacteria, particularly S. aureus and L. monocytogenes.

Coalho cheese is obtained by enzymatic coagulation by the action of renin or specific enzymes, as well as using starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures that positively contribute to organoleptic aspects of the product. Some physicochemical characteristics of this cheese, as high moisture and pH, favor the growth of pathogenic bacteria frequently associated to outbreaks, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The development of these pathogens in coalho cheese could be avoided by the adding of synthetic additives, however the growing interest of consumers for natural foods, free or containing low levels of chemical additives, have led the research of natural compounds with antimicrobial properties that can be used in food industry. The essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. (TVEO), popularly known as thyme, possesses recognized antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, however there is no information about its effect on bacteria of technological interest, such as starter lactic acid cultures, used cheese manufacture. Considering these aspects, this study was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of TVEO on Lactococcus strains commonly used in coalho cheese processing as well as on pathogenic strains S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. For this, the values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TVEO were determined against the test strains and the effects of TVEO on bacterial cell viability were assessed in cheese-based broth and in cheese samples. The main constituents of TVEO identified by CG-MS, were thymol (43.19%) and p-cymene (28.55%). The MIC value MIC of TVEO was 2.5 μL/mL against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and 1.25 μL/mL against L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris in co-culture. In the assays in cheese-based broth containing TVEO at 1.25 μL/mL after 24 h, a decrease of approximately 1 log CFU/mL in the viable cell counts of L. monocytogenes and Lactococcus spp. was observed. At the same concentration, the TVEO presented no inhibitory effects on the growth of S. aureus. Only when TVEO was incorporated in growth media at 5 μL/mL viable cell counts of S. aureus and L. monocytogenes presented a sharp decrease over time, showing kill-time curves shape similar to that obtained when starter co-culture was exposed to TVEO at 2.5 μL/mL. TVEO at 5 μL/mL decrease 2 log CFU/mL the viable cell counts of the starter co-culture after 12 h of exposure. In the assays with coalho cheese added of TVEO at 1.25 μL/g no reduction in viable cells counts of co-culture or pathogenic bacteria was observed. However, OETV at 2.5 μL/g caused a decrease in viable cell counts of all tested bacteria tested after 72 h of exposure, varying from 0.3 to 1.0 log CFU/g. The results suggest that TVEO concentrations required to control pathogenic bacteria in coalho cheese should be carefully considered, since they can have negative effects on the growth and survival of lactic bacteria of the lactic fermentum.

The study of proteolysis, lipolysis volatiles profile of caprine Coalho cheese to which were added probiotic bacteria during storage. The cheeses were named: QS, control sample of Coalho cheese prepared with a starter culture of Lactococcus lactis, subsp. lactis, and Lactococcus lactis, subsp. cremoris; QLA, Coalho cheese with culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus; QLP, Coalho cheese sample formulated with Lactobacillus paracasei; QB, Coalho cheese with Bifidobacterium lactis; and QC, Coalho cheese with co-culture containing the 3 microorganisms in associated. The cheeses were analyzed after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at the temperature of 10 °C ± 2 °C. The probiotic cell counts in cheese was superior to 6.5 log CFU g⁻¹ of cheese in the first day of storage, and surpassed 7 log CFU g⁻¹ of cheese in the 28th day of storage. Based on comparative studies carried out, it must be highlighted that the use of the various probiotic lactic cultures affects the lipid, protein, and aromatic profiles of caprine Coalho cheese during storage. It was verified that, when they were added to the Coalho cheese samples, the lactic cultures, regardless of type, presented lipolytic action (p < 0.01) during storage, causing a reduction in long chain fatty acids and an increase in short chain fatty acids. The acids released have direct influence in particular compounds of the aroma of the product, especially the characteristic caprine aroma, with an increase in caprylic, caproic and capric acids. It was observed that the addition of the Bifidobacterium lactis culture and the co-culture of probiotics had a positive effect on the fatty acid profile, with a higher production of volatiles, resulting in more concentrations during the CLA storage period (0.74 and 0.54 g/100 g of fatty acids), optimal values for the PUFA/SFA relationships (0.23 and 0.065) and DFA (50.23 and 45.08), associated with a reduction in the atherogenicity index (2.15 and 2.38) and in the trombosidade index (1.69 and 1.82). Twenty-five volatile compounds were identified in caprine Coalho cheese: six alcohols, four hydrocarbons, four terpenes, three acids, three ketones, three aldehydes and two esters. In the five types of cheese samples analyzed, one was able to observe the production of esters during storage and the reduction of aldehydes. The fruity aroma of esters is desirable, since it lessens undesirable aromas which are found in some compounds such as acids and aldehydes. The use of a combination of probiotic cultures (co-culture) also influenced (p < 0,01) the proteolysis of caprine Coalho cheese, providing a higher percentage of soluble protein, a higher proteolytic depth index and a greater release of fatty acids in the first day after processing.The probiotic caprine Coalho cheese samples presented a proteolysis rate which was at its highest after seven days of storage, and their fractions of αs₂ and k-casein were the ones with the highest degree of hydrolysis during storage. Among the samples prepared using isolated probiotic bacteria, it must be emphasized that B. lactis presented a more intense proteolytic action, showing a high percentage of soluble protein and a greater degradation of the αs₂ casein during storage. Probiotic cheeses produced using goat milk have excellent characteristics in terms of nutritional and aromatic attributes; highlighted the B. lactis and prodizidos adding the co-culture of probiotics.

“Manteiga da terra” is a traditional product in the northeast of Brazil that consists of a form of anhydrous cow’s milk fat. This product is susceptible to hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity, responsible for undesirable sensory changes, decreases in nutritional quality and economic impact for the industry. In this study, thermal stability and changes in the physicochemical and sensory profiles were evaluated during storage temperatures of 5, 30, 45 and 60°C at 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days. Physicochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate chemical composition and fatty acids profile in the initial time and the storage effects on acidity, peroxide value, TBARS value and objective color. From these results, the activation energy and the induction period were estimated. Microbiological analyses were performed for total and fecal coliforms. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was used to the sensory evaluation of appearance (yellow color, opacity, uniformity and visual viscosity), odor (characteristic of the product and rancid), flavor (characteristic of the product, acid and rancid) and texture (viscosity and granularity). The “manteiga da terra” produced to this study met the standards established by the brazilian legislation with results of 98.96% for fat, 0.07% for moisture, 0.97% for non-fat solids and 0.78% for acidity. The major fatty acids found in the product were oleic (22.66%), palmitic (21.18%) and stearic (13.86%). Saturated fatty acids accounted for 53.72% and unsaturated for 32.24% of the total. There were significant differences for acidity between samples stored at 30, 45 and 60°C, with final values of 0.89, 1.0 and 1.11%, respectively. The peroxide values showed significant increases from 0.50 to 1.30 and 3.99 mEq.kg-1 in samples stored at 45 and 60°C, in this order. The TBARS value was 0.08 mgMDA.kg-1 in the initial time and there were significant increases in the samples stored at 45 and 60°C, with values of 0.12 and 0.19 mgMDA.kg-1, respectively, at the end of 56 days. The parameters L*, a* and b* for objective color characterized the yellow color of the product, with decrease in yellow tone during storage, especially at higher temperatures. The activation energy found for the system was 50.2 kJ.mol-1 and the induction period (in days) was 616 to 5°C, 103 to 30°C, 52 to 45°C and 26 to 60°C. Microbiological analysis indicated the absence of contamination for all samples. In the sensory analysis, the samples kept at 60°C for 56 days had the lowest scores for yellow tone color, opacity, characteristic odor and taste, visual viscosity and viscosity felt at the mouth. On the other hand, they showed a significant increase for the characteristic odor and taste of rancid. The results indicated that the “manteiga da terra” is a stable product for a long period under normal storage conditions.

Papaya is a climacteric fruit that presents rapid loss of quality after harvest due to the rapid maturation, which results in loss of firmness and incidence of fungi. The use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been effective in controlling the ripening of climacteric fruits. The combination of 1-MCP with alternative methods that can delay fruit ripening and reduce the use of pesticides in the control of fungal diseases in post harvest may allow reduction of doses of 1-MCP and provide greater efficiency in the control of maturation without prejudice to the quality of the fruit. The heterogenous photocatalysis (HF) has been used to reduce the microbial load of the air into indoor and refrigerated environments. However, the influence of the application of 1-MCP on changes in papayas functional potential need further exploration to ensure maintenance of quality during papaya postharvest life. This study was conducted in two experiments. In the first experiment it was evaluated the influence of application of 100 nL.L-1 1-MCP followed by storage under FH on the maintenance of „Golden‟ papaya. Papayas harvested at maturity stage 1 (1 of 15% of yellow coloration of the skin) were treated with 1-MCP and control (no 1-MCP) and stored at 12 ° C and 72 ± 1 and 82 ± 2% RH, into ambient with and without FH. The evaluations were performed as physic-chemical aspects, bioactive compounds, enzymatic activities of pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, and sensory were carried out during 27 days of storage at staggered intervals between three and six days. The use of 1-MCP delayed in 14 days ripening of papaya 'Golden' stored at 12 ° C. Based on the acceptance limit, the 'Golden' papaya was suitable for consumption after 21 days to fruit treated with FH, with or without 1-MCP, 16 days for fruit treated with 1-MCP, and for 7 days for the control. Therefore, the use of 1-MCP + FH increased in 14 days the postharvest life of 'Golden' papaya. The second experiment evaluated the influence of application of 1-MCP in 100 nL.L-1 in 'Golden' papaya stored under refrigeration and room conditions in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Papayas treated for 12 hours with 100 nL.L-1 1-methylcyclopropene (+MCP) and control (-MCP) were stored at 12 ± 1 ° C and 82 ± 2% RH and 23 ± 2 °C 72 ± 4% RH and evaluated for the contents of ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, carotenoids anthocyanins, and yellow flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (TAA) by the DPPH radical. The content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids increased during storage in papayas treated with 1-MCP, regardless of storage temperature. The yellow flavonoids increased in fruit kept under refrigeration, but were lower than papayas treated with 1-MCP. In turn, anthocyanins and TTA were higher in fruit treated with 1-MCP. Therefore, the application of 1-MCP does not compromise the supply of bioactive compounds and functional potential of „Golden‟ papaya during storage.

Due to the amount of waste generated by industries and commitments to the environment, there has been a growing interest in the use of alternative energy sources for the generation of bio-products with added value, such as ethanol and xylitol. In this context, cashew peduncle has been considered a promising alternative to meet this demand in a more sustainable manner. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the expansion of the experimental scale of biotechnological xylitol production using liquor from the acid treatment of cashew peduncle bagasse as substrate and Candida guilliermondii CCT 3544 yeast as fermentation agent. Cashew peduncle bagasse was washed, dried at 55°C, ground, sieved (48 mesh), characterized and submitted to acid hydrolysis. Then, a 23 + 3 factorial experimental design with central points was performed in order to verify the effect of variables temperature, bagasse / dilute acid ratio and acid concentration on the release of pentose and hexose from hydrolyzed liquors. After hydrolysis, the liquor was submitted to concentration process and the fermentation medium was prepared in 400 ml Erlenmeyer flasks in Bioreactor (1600 ml), stirred at 200 rpm, 28°C from 0 to 120 h using C. guilliermondii CCT 3544 yeast. The characterization of the lignocellulosic composition revealed the presence of 21.45 ± 0.31% cellulose, 10.96 ± 0.31% hemicellulose and 35.39 ± 0.97% lignin, respectively. It was found that the liquor from the acid treatment should operate under temperature conditions at level 1 (160 ° C) and acid concentration, bagasse / dilute acid ratio at level -1 (1%, 1: 6). The overall analysis of results led to the conclusion that C. guilliermondii CCT-3544 was able to grow in medium with hydrolyzate, and its maximum concentration of cell growth was 3.5 g L-1 in both cases. However, the fermented concentrate obtained maximum production at 48 h of fermentation, but the fermented hydrolyzate in bioreactor produced ethanol and xylitol, with maximum xylitol production at 6 h and maximum ethanol production at 48 h of fermentation.

Based on the environmental problems caused by solid waste, this study aims to: 1) diagnosing the stage of solid waste and environmental impacts of the municipality Salgado of São Felix; 2) to study the environmental perception of the faculty and students of the solid waste Municipal School Eunice Barbosa; and 3) through workshops and lectures work to raise awareness of the faculty. The research has a qualitative and quantitative approach. The method used was participatory research. Techniques for data acquisition were: questionnaires, interviews, observation and photographic records. Through the diagnosis it was observed that the Salgado of São Felix do not have any solid waste management. There is no selective collection, and waste disposal is to the dump. This kind of disposal has caused many environmental problems in the municipality, such as pollution, macro proliferation and microvetores and contempt for recyclable material collectors. These work in subhuman conditions, getting prone to various diseases. They do not make use of personal protective equipment. Gravimetric analysis of the residue showed that most of the waste is organic matter (45.65%). The perception study was conducted with students from 6 to 9 years and with the faculty. Through the questionnaire, it was observed that many educators have a general vision of the concept of environmental education; in practice, the school does not develop environmental education work; 60% of educators related solid waste with something that sucks more, highlighting the lack of knowledge about the potential of waste; only 30% of educators have identified solid waste to cause some kind of pollution. As regards the perception of the student body, 90% related to the term waste bad. 52% considered everything they throw away as garbage; 77% of students know that the fate of the waste produced in the city's garbage dump. Students never attended any workshop and can not distinguish the terms recycling and reuse. The awareness of the students was done through lectures, videos, drawings and workshops. For this students were divided into three groups. For each group have been developed nine activities (theoretical and practical) all focused on the concepts and the importance of solid waste. Before encontroados results, measures are needed aimed at promoting: a decrease in RS production; improving work quality of waste pickers through physical structures (a suitable environment and personal protective equipment materials) and organizational (association / cooperative); and management alternatives of organic waste; increase and recovery of recyclable materials; It is also very important to train educators on this problem, so they can act as active citizens and processors developing effective actions at school aimed at raising awareness of students, forming more critical citizens on solid waste. Finally, he noted that the use of playful awareness strategies can contribute to the process of teaching and student learning, helping to understand the local environmental problems, and enabling the formation of critical citizens who are aware.

Beekeeping has been used as means of increasing income for farmers in Zone of the South Forest of Paraíba State. This activity was financially supported by the Support Program (PAPPS) Revolving Fund Supportive, funded by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE), too by the SENAES, as well as Bank of Northeast of Brazil (BNB), a policy of solidarity finance the "repayable", where the beekeeper gets the fund and has as fundamental element the investmentin beekeeping. The central objective of this study is to investigate possibilities for sustainable development of the territory with beekeeping that receives public funds. The research methodology is qualitative, based on field research in locus observations, in-depth interviews among more precisely between Settlements Tambaba and Nova Vida. With the arrival of the Revolving Fund Supportive, this activity had rise and, in this perspective we had as its central objective to verify possibilities of local territorial sustainable development from beekeeping as an alternative income producing, through this public policy. The cooperative of beekeepers of Paraíba - COOAP received this fund and invested among beekeepers, this fund, called "repayable" is not refunded to the bank, but needs to be redistributed among beekeepers

Have long the birds are exerting enormous fascination on mankind and arousing sensations and ideas related to birth and death, love for music and freedom. Brazil is home to the third most diverse avifauna of the world, with over 1.900 species, making it one of the most important places to promote conservation action. The Atlantic Forest contributes prominently to the diversity of Brazilian avifauna featuring over 1020 resident species and endemism rate of 18%. The Botanical Garden of João Pessoa-PB has great potential for implementing birdwatching activities for this is necessary prior knowledge of the bird species found in areas trails used by local guides. Given the above, the main objective of this work is contribute to formulation proposal que use a birdwatching with a view to conservation in the Botanical Garden Benjamin Maranhão. The collections of information had held from April 2014 to January 2015, in the early hours of the day, a time when individuals go out to feed. The collections were made per transect following the tracks already used by the Botanical Garden guides. For the observation of birds was used 7x40 binoculars with magnification and identification was achieved using field notes and bird identification guides. Various bird species were also found along the trails and seven in the open area of the Botanical Garden. Among the species found are the following, which are typical rainforest: Tyrannus melancholicus, Ramphocelus bresilius, Chloroceryle americana, Aramus guarauna, Euphonia chlorotica, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis, Dendroplex picus, Crotophaga ani, Tangara cayana e Troglodytes musculus. Species observed in the garden can help to flag and umbrella species in the execution of conservation projects with a focus on ecotourism as much as in non-formal education programs in partnership with schools of public networks and private schools.