RCAAP Repository

The road passenger transport in Brazil plays an important social function as a public service by providing a broad set of displacements of people, cargo and information across displacements through most Brazilian states and regions. This is an important economic activity for the national territory because it reveals a variety of spatial interactions covering the country’s complex urban network. The flexibility of the road bus and the capillarity of the service are central for the service to cities of varying sizes, because it allows the connection between urban centers with less than five thousand inhabitants until the connection between metropolises like Brasília/ DF, Rio de Janeiro/RJ and São Paulo/SP. This article will discuss such displacements of people by the road modal from the analysis that will contemplate the small towns in the Southern region of Brazil, with socio-spatial formation as the basis for understanding the dynamics related to the of the dynamics related to the snippet and understanding of its articulations with the territorial division of labor. In this context, the importance of long-distance road connections that include dozens of cities on their routes stands out.

This paper aims to investigate the legal gaps regarding the safety of ore tailings dams in the contribution basins of the water sources that supply the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, highlighting their implications for maintaining the quantity and quality of water. In this context is featured an overview of the spatial distribution and legal aspects of the dams in the Upper Velhas River basin, involving their compliance with the National Dam Safety Politics (PNSB). The results show many legal gaps, especially regarding the structural stability, which, in turn, compromises the water resources security and the regional water supply processes.

Technical progress and its diffusion across the territory materializes in the creation of new networks, be they of transport, communication, distribution, etc. A product of the social, territorial and international division of labor, networks constantly structure and restructure interactions between individuals and space. In this context, e-commerce emerges as a new tool for the commercialization, marketing and distribution of goods. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the development process of e-commerce in Brazil, as well as its relationship with logistics services. So that e-commerce could, in fact, spread throughout Brazilian territory, it was necessary that, in addition to clear economic and legal security, there should be a reasonable apparatus of networks and technical objects. However, not only the advancement of communication networks and the improvement of the population’s technical apparatus explain the expansion of electronic commerce in Brazil, but also conjunctural issues arising from objective needs, such as the case of the impulse given to e-commerce by the pandemic of the Covid-19. In this article we support the argument that the study of the expansion of e commerce in Brazil can be analyzed by three events: the expansion and popularization of internet networks, the spread of the use of smartphones and the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The agricultural sector was severely affected by the pandemic of Covid-19, genera- ting uncertainties about food production and distribution, which directly affected the work of millions of farmers. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on food production in Brasília-DF, especially among farmers settled in agrarian reform settlements. The analysis used primary data obtained through an on-line questionnaire addressed to the public of agrarian reform in rural areas of the administrative regions of the federal capital, as well as secondary data made available by public institutions. The results showed that the impact of the pandemic was intense among farmers, leaving them extremely vulnerable, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. As a way of countering the effects of the pandemic, workers have adopted four specific measures: the use of delivery services; the salof agro-ecological baskets; participation in solidarity networks; and direct sales at agrarian reform fairs. These new commercialization dynamics have transformed the forms of countryside-city interaction by demanding different strategies to reach final consumers, contributing to mitigate the pandemic’s disruptive effects on local food systems.

The study aimed to analyze the spatialization of hot spots in the state of Amazonas. It also analyzed the incidence of hot spots in view of the Brazilian federal government over a 21-year period. For the empirical research, the quantitative method was used, aided by geotechnology tools. Through dialectical materialism, questions were raised for further research. The results showed that 2005 and 2015 were the years when most of the hot spots were reported. The main affected cities were Lábrea, Apuí and Boca do Acre. Regarding the federal government, during Lula’s first presidency the largest number of hot spots occurred, the smallest rate was registered during the second FHC government. In recent years since the Temer government, there has been an increase in detection, and an upward trend can be observed in the current Bolsonaro government. The conclusion reveals that the hot spots are concentrated in the Sul and Centro Amazonense mesoregions, and in the Madeira and Purus microregions.

This article reflects on the complex relationship between street artists, their performances and urban space. For this reflection, we draw upon a study conducted in the Baixa, located in the historic centre of the city of Lisbon, Portugal. Methodologically, the study involved shadowed observation, including walks and videography, which took place between 2016 and 2021, as well as a set of 15 interviews with street artists which were conducted in 2018. Conceptually, the study draws upon the growing body of works within the scope of sensory geography and ethnomusicology, namely regarding street artists and their performances, and their intersection with economic issues, aspects of urbanity, the influence of tourism and sensory experiences. Our results reveal the process of territorialization of performance sites in Lisbon’s Baixa, the impact of artistic performances in the public space, and the relationship of street artists with the formal agents of the urban economy. We conclude the article with a brief reflection on the significance of tourism for the expansion of busking.

This study aimed to evaluate the current distribution pattern of Caatinga dense by identifying where its largest fragments are through cartographic and statistical procedures in the municipality of Caicó-RN. From NDVI, the mapping of the vegetation cover was generated and, then, three intervals of altimetric dimensions were delimited, making it possible to draw a gradual profile. The fragments of Caatinga densa in the different levels were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test establishing a significance of 5% (p <0.05), aiming to identify if there is a significant difference between the sizes of these fragments. Finally, with the help of specialized bibliography and field trips, a floristic survey was also carried out to characterize the different levels sampled. As a result, As a result, at the lowest elevation level, 5,169.54ha was obtained, with the average elevation, 2,850.20ha and 1,753.08ha for the highest altimetry. In proportional terms in relation to the total area of each quota, it was precisely the latter that presented the largest area occupied by dense vegetation. A significant difference was identified between this level and the first one, due to the sizes of th fragments. With regard to flora, the most selective species are in the upper levels, with the exception of areas of riparian forest at the lowest altimetry where generalist species predominate. In this work, it was statistically proven that the dense Caatinga is very restricted to the margins of water bodies and massifs, presenting a gradual increase in altimetric terms.

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Traversing life, geography and outdoor, in this article, I seek a hermeneutics of open spaces. Positioning geography, anthropology and phenomenology in relation, I aim at the commitment to combine theory with experience to understand the contemporary urban dwelling of open spaces. With Ingold (2015), I add the notion of outdoor to a direction to inhabit the city. In the unison of experience, imagination and fantasy, I project the opening of these spaces as a possibility, as an opening to being and beings, to the multiplicity of existence. Knowing that the process of inhabiting the city has always been closely linked to one of the countless ways of inhabiting the Earth, it is possible to affirm that the city is not a denial of nature. In a radically inverse sense, the city is, above all, the emergence of the land that we are, especially when lived in open spaces. Opening to the freedom of encountering the unforeseen, with the unexpected, with beings and entities, the outdoor is the gateway to contemplation, celebration, care and attention to the urban experience of otherness.

This exploratory study aims to analyze the profile of victims of Lethal Violent Crimes in Maranhão. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a bibliographic survey regarding topics related to the research was necessary; violence; consequences of violence; crime; victimology; profile of victims, on a national and international scale, made available on digital platforms. The research used as a reference data from the Mortality Information System - SIM and the Public Security Secretariat - SSP/MA, corresponding to the period from 2015 to 2019. Maranhão had a higher incidence of lethal violent crimes in municipalities that make up the North, Center and East mesoregions, following a profile of young victims, black and brown, male and with elementary education, as the main target of violence, not differing from the characteristics of the profile of victims in Brazil.

This work aims to demonstrate the relationships between urban production, city structuring and land incorporation circuits under the aegis of the capitalist mode of production. The growing commodification of the spheres of spatial production and social reproduction means that all processes operating in urban space are governed by the ideology of growth and expansive accumulation. In this sense, the movement of physical-territorial expansion of the city, taken as one of the factors in its structuring, is perceived as part of this logic. As a basic component of urban constitution, the analysis of spatial forms can help to understand the capitalist dynamics of structuring the city from land incorporation and territorial expansion. Aiming to give materiality to the discussion, a study proposal in the city of Londrina-PR is applied. For this, in addition to bibliographical research on the spatial cutout and contributions of the theoretical contribution considered adequate for the theme, census data of buildings under construction in the municipality, from the National Register of Addresses for Statistical Purposes (CNEFE), and cartographic elaborations are used that best represent the spatial distribution of these and other elements. Finally, it is intended to collaborate with Brazilian urban studies in a geographical and, eminently, critical perspective.

Tourism territorialization in the Northeast region of Brazil has taken several forms. In some areas, tourism is a response to public policies through regionalization strategies and an emphasis on tourism development poles. However, there are cases in which destinations or tourism poles have not responded satisfactorily to public policies, with the business sector being the driving force beyond touristification, and little influence of public policies. That is the case with the Rota Ecológica destination, on the north coast of the state of Alagoas. This destination forms part of the Costa Dourada Tourism Pole but its touristification has taken place mainly as a result of market forces. The objective of this work is to analyse how the Rota Ecológica developed until the present and its related changes. Methods include field observation; examination of remote imagery of Google Earth; participation in public hearings; and reading of official documents. Results identify the existence of two juxtaposed tourist destinations in the same space boundaries, a situation that has created severe local sociospatial conflicts. Despite the seriousness of these conflicts, the government has not created any governance strategy to face the conflicts, a context that hinders tourism potential to contribute locally to sustainable development.

We understand that the consideration of the social form of value can contribute to add new determinations to the notion of valorization od space, aiming at the expansion of its explanatory capacity. Therefore, this article establishes a dialogue between the Marxist approach to the value form and the part of the critical tradition of Brazilian geography that proposes, as an object of geography, the analysis of the valorization of space. There are some points of incompatibility between them, which we believe to be derived from a too broad consideration, on the part of the geographic approach, of the concept of valorization. In this framework, we suggest a distinction between production of space and valorization of space: while the first term could have a broad meaning, corresponding to the set of practices of a given society regarding its geographic objects, we understand that the second term should correspond to a specific type production of space, which occurs when the geographic objects themselves are the objects of valorization. Following this indication, we discuss some of the ways in which we understand these processes of valuing space to occur, in accordance with the historical circumscription of value as an expression of specific social relations.

In Maranhão, the transformations in family agriculture caused by the expansion of Eucalyptus forestry began in the 1990s. Thus, the present study aims to understand such transformations in the municipalities of Imperatriz and Cidelândia. To this end, it analyzes and discusses the changes in the production of traditional food crops in the municipalities studied due to the expansion of the Eucalyptus areas. Methodologically, the study uses primary data collected through field research, using as a tool for collecting unstructured interviews with small farmers and residents in the vicinity of the Eucalyptus plantations. In addition, geographical coordinates were collected for cartographic production; secondary data were collected from the databases of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazilian Tree Industry, National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform and the annual reports of Suzano.The results suggest that the rapid expansion of forestry agribusiness is weakening the territories of family agriculture, causing a significant decrease in production.

The current stage of development of information technology allows for the exponential growth of financial transactions conducted by digital platforms. This paper presents theoretical discussions, based on national and international academic articles, about fintechs and digital banks, in addition to discussing the expansion of financial services and the digital finance in the Brazilian territory. The methodology consists of secondary data, quantitative and qualitative, obtained through scientific research and reports on the subject, in this way we seek to interpret what are the territorial impacts of the processes of financial digitalization in the different uses of territory. Our empirical base consists of the performance of the rotating parking company Estapar in São Paulo state. It is concluded that this company is part of the expansion process of financial services and new forms of digital payment.

The article seeks to understand how the face of degradation is evidenced in the territories and territorialities of Brazilian artisanal fishing. The analysis of the faces of modernization methodologically is established from the dialogue between proposals and approaches to Geography, and reports or denunciations of the social movements of fishing. The face of degradation results from environmental impacts, disputes in the territory and conflicts by territory, has the concept of environment as preponderant, and falls mainly on fishing territories. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the process of transfiguration of nature is evident in different contexts in Brazil, in a way correlated with the processes of territorialization and deterritorialization of fisheries. The analysis of generating contexts such as industrialization, urbanization, activities related to agribusiness and mining, exposes tactics of offensives on traditional territories.

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The following paper is based on the research conducted for my PhD final thesis, in 2017, where I pursued an empiric exercise for Milton Santos’ proposition of a popular or demographic historic era, in which he argues that its existence presents itself as an opposition to the current globalization era supported by the technical- scientific-informational medium and that this popular era in grounded in the communication disenfranchised of Third World major cities. The statement I have maid, in the mentioned thesis, is that one of the ways that this communication crystallizes itself is through neighborhood relations and kinship of poor people at Salvador de Bahia’s popular districts and, therefore, I have identified dozens of these practices and exposed some of them in this paper. I have developed a poor people territorial concept, by which it is not only strictly binded to family income but incorporates elements of citizenship condition. The concept of popular neighborhood is also something that I assume authorship, while recognizing strong influences from seminal authors to these formulations. Another issue raised in this written piece is that to understand the existence of two historical eras, in the same time lapse, it is necessary to incorporate geography as an instance of social analysis.