RCAAP Repository

Foram determinados os perfis de progesterona no leite desnatado, em 32 vacas da raça Holandesa no pós-parto até a primeira ovulação no período de 1986 e 1987. A linha divisória das fases folicular e luteínica dos teores de progesterona foi estimada em l,12mg/ml. Ficou evidenciado que não há diferença no tempo da primeira ovulação no pós-parto (36,83 ± 18,92 dias) para vacas holandesas criadas em clima tropical ou temperado.

The vermiculite from Paulistânia, State of Piauí, was used to study a release of magnesium by acid dissolution. The material was ground and sieved to separate two fractions: 0.50 to 0.15mm and < 0.10mm. Each fraction was divided into three parts, two of which were heated respectively to 550°C and 950°C in a muffle furnace for one hour. These vermiculites were treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid in order to evaluate their efficiency in acid dissolution of vermiculite. A release of magnesium in relation to a quantity of sulfuric acid added and a amount of calcium carbonate necessary to neutralize a residual acidity of the product were also investigated. The sulfuric acid was just as effective as phosphoric acid in the dissolution of vermiculites and the release of magnesium. The particle-size and heat treatment of vermiculite had no influence on the amount of magnesium released by acid dissolution. The addiction of sulfuric acid to vermiculite in equal amount released more than 80% of magnesium. A quantity of calcium carbonate necessary to neutralize the residual acidity of the product was about one half the weight of the vermiculite.

The studied regions are located in the northeast part of the State of Minas Gerais, and are characterizad by several erosional cycles due to the work of the São Francisco river and its tributaries, like Jequitai and das Velhas rivers. A soil toposequence represented by fine soils profiles developed from Quaternary sediments was choosed for this study. Profile 1, a Typic Haplustox, is located in the oldest surface. The other soils are located in the holocenic sediments, the alluvial area of São Francisco river. These are less weathered soils classified as Plinthic Haplustult (Profile 2); Oxic Plintaquult (Profile 3), Fluventic Plinthustult (Profile 4) and Fluventic Argiustoll (Profile 5). Mineralogical analysis was carried out in all soil fractons. Profile 1 has only resistent minerals in the sand fraction, whereas in the other soils plagioclases and micas occurs.These minerals increase in depth and from Profile 2 to Profile 5 (the less weathered soil). Kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral in all the studies soils, mainly in Pedon 1 (the most weathered soil). This mineral decrease in depth and from Profile 1 to Profile 5. In the less weathered soils mica, vermiculite and montmorillonite also occurs.

For the experiment 13 year old pera sweet orange on rangpur lime stionic combinations from a plot in the Mogi-Guaçu county, São Paulo State, were choosen. All plants showed in January 1984, unilateral Brazilian decline (blight) symptoms. The diseased state of the plants was further confirmed by low water uptake. The statistically design was by completely randomized blocks, with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 1 tree per plot. The following growth regulator treatments were applied: 1) Check; 2) gibberellic acid (GA) at 100ppm + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at l0ppm; 3) GA at 50ppm + 2,4-D at 10ppm; 4) GA at 50ppm + NAA at 15ppm + biofertilizer at 1ml/lwater; 6) ethyl-5-chlorine 1 H-3-indazolyl acetate (ethilclozate) at 0,1ml/l water. The products were applied in January 85. The growth regulators were applied as foliar sprays to thoroughly wet the leaves. Five evaluation on the plant reactions were undertaken, respectively at 100,193,276,346 and 405 days from the first application of the products. The results obtained based on a visual score and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that treatments with GA at 50ppm + NAA at 20ppm, GA at 100ppm + 2,4-D at 10ppm, and GA at 50ppm+NAA at 15ppm+ bifertilizer at 1ml/lwater, presented satisfactory degree of symptoms remission that differed statistically from the check. This amelioration however found no parallelism to the results obtained by the water uptake test that still showed low levels. Those figures however were a little higher in the treated plants than in the checks. These experiments will be continued for a few more years to determine whether or not the symptoms remission in the foliage is permanent and will lead eventually to the improvement of the whole plant.

The toxic effect of detoxified rapeseed meal obtained by 2 h lixiviation was studied in growing animals. The control diets provided 10% protein from casein, detoxified rapeseed and crude rapeseed. A fourth diet was prepared substituting half casein for detoxified rapeseed meal. Feed consumption, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio revealled good performance for all diets as compared to the crude meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased from 2,98 for detoxified rapeseed to 3,19 for casein. The lowest PER 2.16 for crude rapeseed was higher than that related by BALLESTER et alii (0,94). In animals fed crude rapeseed meal,no histological changes were detected. The detoxified material showed a satisfactory growth promoting capacity for the rats at the 10% protein dietary level. It did not cause either hypertrophy of the thyroid or histopathological damage to this gland. The present results seem to confirm the good quality of the protein of rapeseed presscake meal obtained from a low glucosinolate cultivar.

"Nylon bag" technique, followed by 48 hours of chloridric pepsin digestion, was tried for determination of the digestibility of proximate nutrients of Rhodes grass hay (Chloris gayana, Kunth, cv. callide) and coconut caque meal, and compared with results from "in vivo" method. In a randomized blocks design, 100% of Rhodes grass, and mixtures of 85% and 70% of the grass hay with 15%, and 30% of coconut cake, and 100% coconut cake, made up four treatments (A, B, C and D, respectively). The coefficients of digestibility for Dry Matter and for proximate nutrients in treatments A, B and C, determined through nylon bags in bovine rumen, were compared to the coefficients determined by total faces collection, in sheep. It was observed and concluded that: a) Position of samples along the supoort-bars inside rumen, as well as dfferent periods of animal usage, had no influence on the results; b) The calculated proportions of coconut in the mixture to obtain best digestibility were 17.48% for Dry Matter, 21.10% for Ether Extract, 29.01% for Crude Protein, and 16.49% for Non Nitrogenous Extrat. Crude Fiber digestibility decreased linearly as the coconut proportion in the mixture increased; c) "Nylon bag" and "in vivo" methods gave similar coefficients of digestibility for Crude Fiber for all treatments; for other nutrients, however, there were differences depending on treatments; d) TDN values for coconut cake meal, determined through "nylon bags" were 68.76% taking the average coefficients of digestibility from treatments B and C, and 68.08% from treatment D; "in vivo", the average from B and gave 71.06% of TDN; such a small difference in NDT suggests to have had no interference of foods on digestibility; e) NDT calculate for Rhodes grass hay was 58.38% "in nylon bags", and 44.81% "in vivo", when treatment A was the only one considered; thus, it could be concluded that nylon bag plus pepsin method did not work for Rhodes hay.

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determine the effect of a plant stimulant (Respond or Reward) in the productivity of Oryza sativa cv. IAC-165 under field conditions. In the experimental field of E.S.A."Luiz de Queiroz" in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, it was applied Respond in the concentrations of 1.0 l.ha-1 and 1.5 l.ha-1 twice, at panicle initiation and at full bloom, and check treatment. At harvest time it was observed that Respond reduced the height of rice plants. Respond 1.5 l.ha-1 reduced rice tillering and panicles number per meter. Respond 1.0 l.ha-1 increased seeds number per rice panicle. Other production parameters were not affected by application of the plant stimulant.

In Brazil mostly all rubber tree, under natural and cultivated conditions occurs on soil containing high levels of toxic aluminum. A study on the rubber tree behavior in relation to aluminum in necessary and urgent. In order to: - Study the effects of five levels of aluminum in the substract on the growth of young rubber trees; - Describe visual symptoms of the aluminum toxicity on the leaves; - Evaluate the tolerance of rubber plant to aluminum; Young rubber plants were cultivated in BOLLE-JONES (1957) nutrient solution, modified for iron supply. A separate solution of aluminum was prepared by dissolving a thin aluminum foil with HCl 1N. From these stock solution the following solutions were prepared: none, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25ppm of aluminum. The plants remained for 24 hours in nutrient solutions and another 24 hours in the aluminum solutions. These procedure was carried out during 95 days. Both solutions - nutrient and aluminum -were replaced every week. After 95 days, the plants were harvested and divided into top whorl, 2nd and 3rd whorls, stem and roots. The material was dried and analysed for aluminum by routine methods in the laboratory. The authors concluded: - The growth of the rubber plants was affected when the concentration of aluminum was 15ppm or more in the solution. - Clear cut symptoms of the aluminum toxicity was noted in the roots. The root tip and lateral roots became thockened and turned brown. - The rubber plant grows well in presence of less thon 15ppm of aluminum.

A field experiment was conducted with banana plant cultivar Prata, in Cambissolic soil, at Espírito Santo State, Brazil, to study the curve of growth and boron, zinc, copper uptake, removed and returned to the soil. Three mother plants were selected at twelve different development stages. Samples of leaf, petiole, pseudostem, rhizome, stalk, bud flower and fruit were taken. Dry matter weight and percentage of micronutrients were measured, and the collected data were ajusted in a regression program. The following conclusions were drawn up: boron, zinc and copper uptake are influenced by dry matter production, except Cu in the petiole; the uptake ratio is 5 Zn: 2,5 B: 1 Cu; a high amount of B, Za and Cu can be returned to the soil with plant management; in a rational program for micronutrients fertilizer, it is necessary to take into account the amount of nutrients exported at the fruit harvest, especially boron.

Foi estudado o efeito de quatro concentrações de sulfito (19, 69, 119, 219 ppm) em mostos de melaço de cana em pH 4,O e o efeito do pH de mosto sulfitado sobre a produção de etanol, acetaldeído e os alcoóis n-propílico, isobutílico e isoamílico durante a fermentação alcoólica por Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre os teores de etanol dos mostos sulfitados. Houve aumento significativo no teor de acetaldeído e redução significativa nos teores de alcoóis superiores com o aumento da concentração de sulfito. A elevação do pH do mosto sulfitado provocou aumento significativo nos teores de acetaldeído e alcoóis superiores não afetando a produção de etanol.

The effect of different concentrations of formic and propionic acids on the ethanol and higher alcohols production was studied with synthetic medium. There were no significant differences among ethanol , n-propilic, isobutilic and isoamilic alcohols in all treatments. However a reduction of isoamilic alcohol content was observed at higher levels of formic and propionic acids.

Experiments were carried out in greenhouse, at ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, with soil samples of the A1 or Ap and B2 horizon of an Oxisol (LR) and an Alfisol (PVp) , without and with mineral fertilizer and lime , to verify the optimum aeration porosity, between 3 and 24%, for the maximal yield of common bean, cv. Aroana 80. The water content in the 2,5 1 of the soil sample in the pot was maintained between 100 and 70% of the field capacity. A preferential range (9 - 16%) of macropores or aeration pores (diameter greater than 0,05 mm) could be verified. And deslocated to a range between 24 and 29% of macropores, when a higher dry matter accumalation rate occur, besides a probably lower oxygen supply to the growth points of the roots in soils with small aggregates extremely water stable and with a higher water content.

This research was conducted at the Experimental Station of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Six sugarcane cultivars were studied with the main purpose of comparing the percentage of infested stalks and the intensity of infestation by the borer - rot complex. The cultivars were planted in April of 1985 and the evaluations were made in May, July and September of 1986. The results indicated that there were no differences between the internal and external percentages of infested stalks. The internal and external intensities of infestation presented a positive and highly significant linear correlation. On the other hand, a significant correlation between the percentage of infested stalks and the intensity of infestation was not always found. The highest percentage of infested internodes was observed at the basal region of the stalk and the lowest at the apical one.

Young anatto plants (Bixa orellana L. var. Peruana) were grown in nutrient solutions for the purpose of studying deficiency symptoms of the following elements: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, sulphur and B. The present paper describes the symptoms on anatto plants that were associated with nutrient solutions deficient in the various elements listed. The paper presents also the satisfactory range and deficient range in the leaves: N% 3.04 - 1.89; P% 0.16 - 0.04; K% 2.67 - 0.15; Ca% 1.10 - 0.50; Mg% 0.28 - 0.19; S% 0.24 - 0.16, B ppm 42.00 - 19.00.

Succinic acid production by yeasts during alcoholic fermentation of cane molasse supplemented with 25, 50 and 100 ppm of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Ethanol production was not effected by the different levels of nitrogen, but there was a significant reduction in the content of succinic acid which was inversely related with the ammonium sulfate concentration in the medium.

Leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) from three different varieties (NA-56-79, RB 73-5275 and IAC 58-480) at four maturity stages (11, 12, 13 and 14 months) were analysed for organic acids and potassium content. Trans-aconitic acid represented about 60% of total organic acids followed by malic, glutaric, succinic, alpha-ketoglutaric, malonic and fumaric acids. There were significant differences among varieties and maturity stages for all acids studied. There were no significant correlations between potassium and organic acids content.

Sugarcane juice from NA 56-79 variety at four maturity stages (4, 6, 8 and 12 months) fertilized with vinasse was analysed for potassium and trans-aconitic acid content. With vinasse fertilization there was a significant reduction in total reducing sugars and an increase in potassium and trans-aconitic acid content of sugarcane juice. A significant positive correlation was observed between trans-aconitic acid production and potassium content. Trans-aconitic acid content was inversely related to the plant maturity.

A study was made of the acceptability of the flavor of soybean milk ioghurt, to which 15% of cow's milk in several flavors was added. All the ten experimented flavors gane the product aceptable flavors, at the "liked regularly" acceptability degree of the hedonic scale.

An experiment was carried out, in pots, to study the effects of phosphate fertilizers (ordinary superphosphate, thermal phosphate and rok phosphate) on both, the pH and the amount of exchangeable Al3+ in two soils (Orthic Haplacrox and Orthic Hapludent) from the municipality of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thermal phosphate reduced the active and exchangeable acidities in both soils. Rock phosphate and ordinary superphosphate reduced the exchangeable acidity but caused very little effect on the pH of the soils .

A reatividade da fração retida entre as peneiras nºs 50-60 (ABNT) de quatro calcários, com teores relativos de óxidos de cálcio decrescentes e de óxidos de magnésio crescentes, foi avaliada incubando-os , durante 100 dias, com três solos diferentes. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições. A avaliação, feita através das variações periódicas do pH e dos teores de alumínio, cálcio e magnésio trocáveis, mostrou que a relação entre os teores de cálcio e magnésio nos calcários não influi na sua reatividade, tanto quanto à correção da acidez dos solos como ao fornecimento de cálcio e de magnésio.