RCAAP Repository

Breast cancer is the main neoplasm which affects women. It brings emotional problems in addition to physical and social problems due to affecting a bodily symbol of femininity. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual life of women with breast cancer in the first year after the surgical procedure, seeking the meanings they attributed to the diagnosis and its repercussions on sexuality. Ten women who participated in a rehabilitation program were interviewed. In addition to the face to face interview their medical record were analyzed. Two categories emerged from the thematic analysis highlighting the negative and the positive impacts of this disease on the sexual life. This variety of meanings encountered shows that there no single pattern of sexual life after breast cancer. The way each woman reacts to the disease makes the way she experiences her sexuality unique. It follows that issues of sexuality must be incorporated in interventions offered in the context of care for these women.

The aim of this study, in the area of Hospital Psychology, was to comprehend the experience of sons and daughters whose mother or father was hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit. Participants were 10 sons and daughters who responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, which were submitted to Content Analysis. The following were verified in the interviews: feelings of suffering and fear; concerns regarding the fact that the patient spends most of the time alone; lack of trust regarding the treatment offered by the healthcare team for the patient; lack of motivation to continue day by day routines; positive reappraisal such as personal, spiritual and professional growth, and satisfaction with the hospital team's care to the family. This data highlights the needs of these sons and daughters during their parent's hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit and may support more effective care from the healthcare team for this population.

The aim of this study was to understand, from the perspective of behavioral analysis, the possible antecedents and consequences of a suicide attempt for the individual responsible, using reports from patients that were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, due to their suicide attempts. Three patients that attempted suicide in 2010 took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews were performed, which included questions about the attempt, its antecedents and consequences, and the life history of the patient. Functional analysis showed the presence of risk factors for suicide, as well as reinforcing consequences for the individuals, such as social care only being available after the attempts.

There is a considerable amount of literature on leadership, particularly as it relates to organizations, government, and the military. However, educators and psychologists know considerably less about early precursors of leadership, how leadership develops in youth, possible gender differences, and the relationship of leadership, intelligence and creativity. A global consensus exists that leaders are needed and that we shouldn't delay the early development of leadership skills. The authors propose a model to enhance creative leadership and introduce a teacher-completed rating scale, the Gifted Rating Scales to help accomplish this. As demonstrated, there are possibilities to detect early creative and intellectual giftedness among children and youngsters in the classrooms and expectations to move from a basic level of competence to reach an elite or expert level in any field, facilitating the emergence of leadership.

The paper discusses the possibilities of host of alterity in the therapeutic process of the Person Centered Approach. The debate is based on the ethics of Emmanuel Levinas, for whom subjectivity would be formed from the relationship with the absolute other. The therapeutic change process that aims to further integrate the experience by the self is questioned. On the other hand, from a reading of a Rogerian clinical case, it is pointed out the externality of experience as an estrangement that allows one to recreate themselves. This research shows the interiority eroded by the organism that arises as other-of-self, sieve for the experience. It is conclude that the person-centered psychotherapy, beyond an encounter with oneself, seems to point as one of its purposes the clash with the radically different. Such discussion alludes to a political repositioning of the Person Centered Approach in its ways to deal with the difference.

O complexo de Édipo é um conceito central para a psicanálise, pois alicerça a psicopatologia na medida em que desempenha um papel primordial na constituição psíquica do ser humano e na orientação do seu desejo. No caso da menina, Freud acentuou a importância do período pré-edípico; que funcionará como protótipo pelo qual serão estabelecidas as futuras relações, incluindo as relações com seus filhos. Buscou-se articular, pela descrição de um estudo de caso de uma primigesta, a atualização do complexo de Édipo desde a descoberta da gestação. As falas dessa mãe permitiram pensar no processo de falicização de um filho a partir da equação simbólica freudiana falo-bebê. Sugere-se que a suposição de um lugar fálico para o bebê ocorreu pelos movimentos transitivistas maternos a partir das decodificações daquilo que o bebê lhe dá a ver.

Can a critical psychology be more than an inward looking critique of the discipline itself? Liberation psychology emerged in Latin America in the 1980s. It is a critical psychology with an action focus, taking sides with the oppressed populations of the continent. The originator of the approach, Ignacio Martín-Baró practiced psychology in the context of the El Salvador an civil war, himself becoming a victim of State repression. The consequences of social conflict have since then been an important theme for liberation psychology. Other areas of emphasis have been community social psychology with an emphasis on the role of social movements and social and political commentary and critique. I will present a review of the field covering some key concepts (conscientisation, de-ideologization, historical memory, reconstruction of psychology from the perspective of the other), its geographical spread (in Latin America and other regions), its organization (the emergence of liberation psychology networks and collectives) and some examples of work that is relevant to social trauma, the theme of this symposium.

Neste artigo procurou-se refletir a respeito dos processos de inclusão e evasão escolar no Ensino Médio sob o enfoque de como a motivação pode se associar aos mesmos. Para este fim, foi realizada uma análise sobre as implicações que tais processos acarretam na vida dos estudantes, procurando-se perceber como a variável motivacional pode apresentar-se tanto como consequência do processo de inclusão como estar relacionada às causas da evasão por parte do aluno. Fica evidente a importância que o papel da motivação adquire no contexto escolar, o que vem a fomentar um campo de discussões cada vez mais abrangente e significativo na área de Psicologia da Educação.

In this study we implemented and assessed a specific cognitive therapy technique - Decision Making and Quality of Life, which is used to promote health and improve quality of life. Eighteen employees from a higher education institution participated in the study, which was organized into 12 group sessions. At the admission and concluding phases, we asked participants to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed significant improvement in five of the domains that measure quality of life: physical, psychological, environmental, general, and health. There were no significant changes (p=0.26) in anxiety scores. In contrast, the depression scores got significantly better (p=0.02). The results suggest that the proposed technique is conducive to health promotion and quality of life.

O objetivo desse artigo é examinar criticamente produções da literatura científica sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, publicadas entre 2003 e 2011, abordando estudos que focalizaram o trabalhador de saúde mental. A pesquisa organizou-se por meio de leitura sistemática e análise dos artigos, em termos de seus objetivos, metodologia, resultados e conclusão. Foram encontrados 14 artigos, que se revelaram convergentes quanto aos resultados obtidos na medida em que concluem que os trabalhadores manifestam-se favorável e engajadamente em relação ao processo da reforma, ao mesmo tempo em que apontam problemas e desafios no cotidiano - sem superar, como seria esperado, visões conservadoras e reducionistas da doença mental. Por outro lado, considerada em seu conjunto, esta produção indica que o interesse pelo trabalhador não inclui valorização de sua experiência emocional, dimensão certamente mobilizada pela questão da loucura. Esta lacuna deve ser preenchida por pesquisas que incluam atenção aos aspectos emocionais e se traduzam em intervenções que auxiliem os trabalhadores a lidar bem com suas tarefas do cotidiano.

Estudou-se a Assistência Social como instituição que faz dispositivos de produção de subjetividade na atenção à criança e ao adolescente. Para tanto, utilizaram-se algumas coordenadas analíticas conjunturais e estruturais para mapear modelos de atenção assistencial em confronto no campo da Assistência Social. Concluiu-se que haveria dois paradigmas contraditórios, no sentido dialético, organizando a Assistência Social: um seria o modo filantrópico, o outro o modo socioeducativo. Ao primeiro, que é hegemônico no campo, corresponderia uma entidade assistencial ainda organizada a partir de uma atenção filantrópica pautada em uma lógica menorista, articulada por um discurso criminalizante das classes populares, informalmente baseada na noção jurídica da situação irregular, que desenvolveria práticas assistenciais preventivas, repressivas, correcionais e moralizadoras. A construção do modo socioeducativo implica uma atenção socioeducativaque visa à promoção efetiva dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes, a partir da sua condição de sujeitos e de cidadãos, por meio de práticas institucionais democráticas, dialógicas, participativas, multiprofissionais e transdisciplinares, fundamentalmente emancipadoras.

No summary/description provided

This research paper concerns the influence of intelligence and social skills on the academic adjustment to university. Social demographic data was compiled based on gender, age, social class, and the type of teaching institution. A total of 393 university students took part in this survey, including 167 students under 20 years of age, 101 between 20 and 30, 31 between 31 and 40, and 26 over 40 years of age. Males accounted for 128 of the students, with 55 belonging to social class A, 134 to B, and 94 to classes C and D, and 184 participants attending public institutions. Data collection was performed using the Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, a Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (reduced version), and the Raven's test Matrizes Progressivas. The main results achieved presented significant correlations between social skills and academic adjustment, however, no significant results were found between intelligence and academic adaptation.

Crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade tendem a participar de relações de pares insatisfatórias, podendo ser rejeitadas socialmente e até vitimizadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de comparar a percepção da qualidade da melhor amizade e do conflito nessa relação, em 17 meninos com e 19 sem Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, de sete a nove anos de idade, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e da Escala da Qualidade da Amizade. Os meninos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade não diferenciaram daqueles sem o transtorno na percepção da qualidade da amizade; destes últimos, os mais velhos pontuaram melhor o amigo. Foi maior a percepção de situações de conflito com o amigo por parte de meninos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade, inclusive dos mais velhos. É possível que o portador de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade perceba mais os conflitos com o amigo em virtude do aumento etário, pois o avanço sociocognitivo pode auxiliar a captar melhor as reações negativas dos pares a seu comportamento frequentemente desrespeitoso às regras sociais.

Este artigo visa fornecer evidências científicas da susceptibilidade das memórias à distorção mediante um estudo das falsas memórias (lembranças de eventos que, na realidade, não ocorreram) para eventos complexos estimulantes. A amostra foi composta por 380 adultos com idade entre 17 e 45 anos. Foi usada a versão brasileira do Procedimento de Apresentação de Slides de Cahill e McGaugh adaptada por Neufeld, Brust e Stein para a realidade Sul-brasileira e para a investigação do efeito do alerta emocional na memória e nas falsas memórias. O procedimento é constituído por 11 slides, acompanhados por duas versões de uma narrativa (uma emocionalmente estimulante, sendo então a versão estimulante, e outra com um apelo emocional muito menos intenso, ou seja, a versão controle). O desempenho da memória foi avaliado por meio de um teste de memória de reconhecimento. Os resultados indicaram que a introdução de informações emocionais no meio da versão emocionalmente estimulante pode levar ao aumento de memórias verdadeiras, bem como ao aumento da produção de falsas memórias.

The aim of the present study was to investigate motivational orientations of 396 adolescents of public schools and their perceptions of their learning contexts. About half of the sample suited English as a compulsory language, while others studied Spanish as an elected language. Data were collected through a Likert-type self report questionnaire with questions related to mastery and work avoidance achievement goals, to perceptions of interesting classes and utility value. Results showed significant positive relations among mastery goal orientation and perceptions of interesting classes and utility, and negative relations among work avoidance goal orientation and those variables. Regression analyses showed that perceptions of interesting classes and utility value predict mastery goal orientation. Some significant differences aroused among students of the two learning contexts. Results were discussed in the light of motivational theories and some suggestions for new researches and for educational practices as well with adolescents were drawn.

Este artigo é resultado de muitas leituras, estudos, reflexões e debates de um grupo de pesquisa que toma a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural como aporte teórico e metodológico. Sua natureza é teórica, visto que decorre dos escritos de alguns de seus estudiosos para apresentar compreensões das ideias centrais de Vigotski, principal teórico da referida abordagem. Objetivamos reunir e discutir conceitos-chave desse autor, os quais se encontram dispersos em sua obra, com o intuito de apresentar suas possibilidades de interpretação e aplicação em estudo e práticas sobre o desenvolvimento humano. A complexidade da obra do autor demanda inúmeras investigações devido ao caráter dialético e complexo de suas postulações. Buscamos, assim, demonstrar neste texto a plausibilidade de sua teoria para explicar os fenômenos psicológicos, oferecendo contribuições e sugerindo ações que possam respaldar a prática do psicólogo em contextos institucionais, principalmente a escola.

Communicating with hospitalized children for invasive procedures usually takes place in a veiled and indirect way. This present study evaluated children's verbal report on the drawings that they produced in situations of the psychological preparation for surgery. The research was conducted with 30 participants divided into two preparation groups (verbal information and toys), users of a children's hospital who used the technique of drawing-story. There were three distinct stages: a) the child receives instruction on the design history and hears a story the day before the surgery; b) the psychological preparation, in both groups submitted to different programs of preparation, and c) reapplication of the technique of drawing-story, on the day of the surgery, after preparation. Both preparation programs were effective in reducing the pre-surgical stress, and evaluated the types of reactions, such as feelings of inferiority, abandonment and insecurity, regardless of the applied program.

Ten structured meetings of cognitive-behavioral therapy for relapse prevention were applied with prison inmates. The project had the participation of 28 subjects, divided into a work group and control group (15 and 13 subjects respectively), who were evaluated before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference in reoffending. Despite this, the program reduced the fear of negative evaluation (especially among non-reoffenders) and the Social Stress and Escape Scale score. After one year, reoffenders had lower scores in the Social Stress and Escape Scale and a tendency to have higher scores in the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.

The "Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil" are dispositives of treatment for children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders. This article describes sociodemografic characteristics of users of those centers between September 2008 and February 2009 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from active files randomly selected was collected in 19 Centers in the state of São Paulo. The characteristics analyzed were divided in four groups of variables: identity; living conditions; family structure; schooling and occupation. The results indicated a higher concentration of users between 10 to 14 years-old; prevalence of males; tendency to nuclear and reduced family arrangements (45%); care primarily given by the mother (57%) and high frequency of users attending the regular school (86%). It was possible to identify a well-defined socio demographic profile of users, with differences regarding gender, attending the regular school and/or other institutions, as well as sharing a nuclear family arrangement.