RCAAP Repository

Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the role of creativity in the context of graduate studies from the perspective of students and professors. Semi-structured interviews were held with six students and six postgraduate professors from both a private and a public university. The topics covered included relevance, conception, and characteristics of creativity, as well as educational practices that foster and inhibit creativity. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the data. Both students and professors considered creativity as fundamental for the development of graduate education, but both have indicated personal and institutional barriers for the promotion of creative thinking. Partnerships, teamwork, different teaching strategies and interdisciplinarity were pointed out as factors that enhance creativity. On the other hand, the participants mentioned the evaluation of postgraduate programs, repetitive classes and bureaucracy as barriers to creativity. Future studies, involving classroom observation, case studies, and psychometric measurements, are suggested.

Abstract Although resilience is a relevant construct, there are no Brazilian instruments available to identify the resilient potential in children. Considering this, an instrument called Children’s Resilience Markers was developed. The study included 500 children from five different groups, aged 8 to 12. Through ANOVA, it was possible to notice that Children’s Resilience Markers was able to differentiate groups that presented higher resilience abilities. Children’s Resilience Markers presented good validity evidences. However, other studies must be carried out in order to reach a greater understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

Abstract Whereas the structure of individual differences in many social and emotional attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. The main goals of this research were to specify the major content domains that are assessed across multiple socioemotional instruments (self-esteem, grit, self-efficacy, strengths and difficulties, Big Five) in research in the United States and Europe, to test them in a less developed context with considerable educational challenges (Brazilian schools). We selected the five most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level in a large sample of Brazilian school students (N = 3,023). The extracted factors to capture the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments closely resembled the Big Five personality dimensions. We discuss the contribution of our findings to the assessment of socio-emotional skills in education research, as well as limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future research.

Resumen Los factores psicosociales de riesgo están en el entorno del trabajador y su percepción depende de diversas causas. Este estudio, no experimental y transversal fue realizado en una industria manufacturera del sur de Jalisco, México, el objetivo fue evaluar la percepción del personal sobre los factores psicosociales, mediante la Batería Condiciones de Trabajo de Carácter Psicosocial. El personal mostró una percepción de muy bueno y bueno para Factores Individuales con 84.9%,que los hace probablemente protectores de Desgaste Psíquico, mientras que para Contenido de Trabajo fue de 55.2% y para Contexto de Trabajo apenas de 40.2%, dando como diferencia 44.8% y 59.8% respectivamente, una percepciónde normal, regular y nocivo, convirtiéndolos en probables factores de riesgo psicosocial para Desgaste Psíquico, lo que mostró la necesidad de acciones de mejora.

Abstract Despite the popularity of the organizational culture construct in the organizational psychology´s practice, it is important to scrutinize the theoretical and methodological quality standards of its principles in Brazil. The present study investigated 27 articles targeting at an organization´s culture, in 18 psychology and administration top-ranked journals, issued between 1996 and 2017. The articles were classified by their theoretical and methodological characteristics, such as type of data analysis, culture definitions, among others, to be further quantified and qualitatively reviewed. The trends were discussed in face of organizational culture´s global literature standards, and according to the characteristics of national organizational behavior literature. Special attention was recommended to the alignment between method and epistemology, as well as to a convergence towards global literature´s new developments.

Abstract Close to two million people currently work in Brazil's road transport sector, the country's leading logistical area. Most are self-employed individuals. The objective of this research project was to garner an understanding of the perceptions that Brazilian truck drivers hold regarding themselves. Eight experienced drivers were interviewed, starting from the question â"What is it like being a truck driver in Brazil?", and their responses were analyzed in accordance with social discourse studies. Five main categories – with specific subdivisions – were identified, relating to motivations to work in this area, contextual elements, and positive, group, and negative self-image. It is concluded that self-stereotypes play an important role in maintaining the situation of disadvantage and precarious working conditions that affect truck drivers.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory, a self-report instrument for assessing symptoms as well as to verify the internal structure of the instrument. Based on the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic criteria, the Screening Inventory was developed and administered. The participants were 421 individuals divided into two groups, with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. The instrument items were analyzed and validated for content by a panel of expert judges. It was found that the instrument structure is composed of two factors, namely, Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). In general, the observed data provided validity evidence based on content and internal structure of the instrument, which complies with the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, proving to be a favorable instrument for the investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Adults.

Resumo Trabalho emocional é um processo de gerenciamento da expressão das emoções e dos sentimentos internos, com base nas demandas emocionais exigidas pela ocupação ou contexto de trabalho. O estudo adaptou a Escala de Trabalho Emocional desenvolvida por Brotheridge e Lee à categoria de artistas brasileiros (Estudo 1), bem como buscou evidências de validade (Estudo 2). Participaram da pesquisa 521 artistas, a maioria músicos e atores de teatro, com idade média de 39 anos. Foram seguidos procedimentos metodológicos para adaptação e aplicação da medida. Para a análise de dados, a amostra foi subdividida em duas, destinando-se a Amostra 1 à análise fatorial exploratória, e a Amostra 2 à análise fatorial confirmatória. Apesar de ter havido perda de itens, os resultados trouxeram evidência confirmatória do modelo tripartite de trabalho emocional: demandas emocionais de trabalho, estratégias de ação superficial e estratégias de ação profunda. Sugere-se que a medida possa ser usada para outras ocupações.

Resumo O estudo objetivou reunir evidências iniciais de validade no contexto brasileiro para a Escala de Liderança Virtuosa. Participaram do estudo 417 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (63% do sexo masculino), do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As idades variaram de 18 a 72 anos (M = 35,6; DP = 10,43). A análise fatorial confirmatória evidenciou que a versão brasileira da escala apresentou validade de estrutura interna. A Escala foi composta por cinco fatores de primeira ordem (coragem, prudência, temperança, humanidade e justiça), distribuídos por 18 itens que reproduziram integralmente a estrutura original do instrumento. Todas as subescalas apresentaram correlações positivas com a liderança autêntica, a satisfação no trabalho e os afetos positivos, e negativas com os afetos negativos. Conclui-se que a Escala de Liderança Virtuosa apresentou boas qualidades psicométricas em uma amostra brasileira.

Abstract The present study analyzes the relationship between maladaptive beliefs, personality traits, and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms by focusing in the mediating role of beliefs in the prediction between personality and psychiatric disorders. The sample consisted of 823 adults aged between 18 and 39 years (M = 24.09, SD = 4.71), who answered a questionnaire of symptoms and beliefs for Borderline Personality Disorder and Big Five Personality Inventory. The predictive model that fit better to the data indicates Neuroticism and Conscientiousness as predictors of Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms, mediated by maladaptive belief patterns. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that both personality traits and maladaptive beliefs are important for the understanding of Borderline Personality Disorder. The theoretical implications of this result and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Abstract In this article we begin by providing an overview of the need to increase the frequency with which behavioral assessment is used in Brazilian schools. We then describe various methods of behavioral assessment. Next, we discuss various purposes for assessing behavior in school settings. We then discuss general challenges that impact the assessment of behavior. Finally, we conclude by discussing the importance of identifying psychological and social concerns early in childhood and call for the development of additional evidence-based assessment tools that are appropriate for use in Brazilian schools.

Abstract The aim of this study was to construct and seek evidence for the validity of the Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia (Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale). Two studies were conducted in Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Study 1 describes the development and evidence of the factor validity of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 51 years old (M = 25.31; SD = 7.21). The data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, which revealed one single seven-item factor that explained 37.74% of the variance and a satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha (0.77). The aim of Study 2 was to test the goodness-of-fit of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale factor structure with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 52 years old (M = 24.82; SD = 6.97). The one-factor structure exhibited adequate goodness-of-fit; the composite reliability value was 0.83, which indicates scale stability and satisfactory psychometric parameters for assessing benevolent prejudice toward schizophrenia.

Abstract The objective was to verify to what extent the personality traits explain character strengths, controlling the effect of age and sex. A total of 251 individuals living in the Northeast region of Brazil (Mage = 18.51, SD = 9.03), 66.9% of which were women, answered a booklet containing the Character Strengths Scale, Five Major Factors Inventory (Big Five) and demographic issues. From the correlations, followed by multiple hierarchical regressions, it was found that age and sex were important to explain some strengths. Controlling the effect of these demographic variables, it was observed that the kindness, conscientiousness, extroversion and openness to experience personality traits directly explained these strengths, unlike the neuroticism trait, which did it inversely. Backed by the empirical evidence, it can be concluded that character strengths can be explained by personality traits and demographic variables (sex and age), collaborating with the expansion of knowledge in the area and understanding the positive aspects of the human being.

Abstract Emotional self-regulation is the ability to moderate attention and behaviors from different circumstances and events, and is associated to the healthy human adaptation. The present study sought for validity evidences based on the internalstructure of the Adult and the Child-Youth Emotional Self-Regulation Scale and their reliability indices. The adult version was answered by 802 adults and the child-youth one was answered by 600 children and adolescents. The four-factorsolution was the most adequate in both versions. The externalization of aggression (adult version) and experience evaluation (children’s version) factors, and three other factors (appropriate coping strategies, pessimism and paralysis) were foundwith similar nomenclatures in the two scales. The reliability indices ranged between 0.69 and 0.98 (adult version) and 0.91 and 0.95 (child-youth version). In both versions, the factorial loads were higher than 0.50, explaining 62.7% (adultversion) and 64.2% (child version) of the total variance. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature.

Abstract The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS), the most common human chromosome microdeletion syndrome, is associated with a very heterogeneous neurocognitive phenotype. One of the main characteristics of the syndrome spectrum is the intellectual variability, which encompasses average performance and intellectual disability and discrepancies between Verbal Intelligence Quotient and Performance Verbal Intelligence Quotient, with greater impairment in nonverbal tasks. The present study aimed at investigating the intellectual performance aspects of a 21children and adolescents sample from Brazil who had been diagnosed with 22q11.2DS, based on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - 4th edition. The samples were reviewed considering the differences between indices. The results revealed an Full Scale Intelligence Quotient predominant in the borderline range (42 to 104) and a significant discrepancy between the indices of Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning in 42% of the sample. With regard to the performance in the subtests alone, a better performance was found in Similarities, whereas block design, matrix reasoning, digit span and letter-number sequencing subtests were the most challenging. These findings indicate that a comprehensive assessment of intellectual performance aspects covering the different measures of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale may contribute to a broader understanding of the neurocognitive phenotype associated with 22q11.2DS.

Abstract The aim of the study is to assess the quality of life of elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes Mellitus. A total of 371 elderly individuals with hypertension and/or diabetes who are being treated in the public primary health care network, with a mean age of 71 years, M = 71, 34 (SD = 6.848) participated in this study. It is a quantitative-qualitative study, carried out in two stages. In the first, the quantitative data were collected using the following instruments: WHOQOL-bref, Mini Mental State Exam, and a sociodemographic questionnaire, in order to screen the second stage participants (13 elderly individuals), who corresponded to the qualitative strategy, using the focal group technique. The results showed that the elderly individuals without hypertension/diabetes had higher quality of life mean values. Those affected by both diseases presented the worst ‘physical’ domain mean values. Qualitative data indicate the ‘social’ and the ‘psychological’ domains as the most important ones, also revealing the centrality of the disease in their reports.

Abstract Population aging is a progressive phenomenon and it is currently a great challenge. The aim of this Systematic Review study was to present/a research panorama on the relationship between quality of life and cognition in the elderly. We used the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online databases, and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and the Scientifi c Electronic Library Online. The NodeXL software was used for keyword analysis.Fourteen articles met the eligibility criteria and were categorized. Most of the studies were conducted and published in Brazil. The mini-mental state exam was the most widely used research instrument in the studies and the term ‘qualityof life’ occurred more frequently and had more connections in the network. The research provides information on the existing studies and contributes to actions that involve care in the area of Gerontology.

Abstract This study verified the predictive relationships between social skills, beliefs about love and marital satisfaction in the family life cycle. The participants of this study were 446 married adults, of both sexes, living in the metropolitan area of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The explanatory variables that contributed most to the marital satisfaction of men were passion, proactive self-control, decision/commitment, and for women they were commitment, affective sensitivity, decision/commitment, and passion. It was concluded that the dimensions related to love constructs were more explanatory of marital satisfaction, except at the stage of couples with small children whose social skills were more prominent. These results may contribute to preparatory programs and therapies related to marital life.

Resumo O enfrentamento (coping) da dor desempenha um papel importante na adaptação à doença crônica e seus efeitos. Este estudo analisou o coping da Anemia Falciforme em 12 crianças com idade entre oito e dez anos, que frequentavam um Hospital Universitário de Vitória, Espírito Santo, pelo Instrumento Informatizado de Avaliação do Enfrentamento da Hospitalização e da Dor. Os resultados mostram que as estratégias de enfrentamento mais frequentes foram ruminação, solução de problemas e reestruturação cognitiva. Observa-se, assim, uma ativa busca de estratégias para a solução de problemas, procurando-se redirecionar o pensamento para aspectos mais positivos da situação estressante; contudo, a maior frequência da ruminação indica que as crianças estão controladas por aspectos negativos da doença, condição de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos de comportamento internalizante. Discute-se esta proposta de avaliação do coping da dor nessa população com base na Teoria Motivacional do Coping e suas contribuições para intervenções na área.

Resumo Este estudo analisou o papel das variáveis motivacionais na adesão à prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. Participaram da pesquisa 399 estudantes universitárias que responderam a um questionário em que avaliaram fatores de adesão à prevenção do câncer, incluindo variáveis sociodemográficas, nível de conhecimento sobre o câncer e variáveis motivacionais. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis motivacionais explicam de 34% a 54% da variância (p < 0,001) da intenção de adesão aos comportamentos de prevenção (exames de Papanicolau, uso de preservativo e restrição do número de parceiros sexuais) e são também um preditor significativo do envolvimento efetivo nesses comportamentos (odds ratios: 0,33 – 5,83; p < 0,05). O estudo evidencia a importância de considerar quer as variáveis motivacionais facilitadoras (autoeficácia e construção da intenção de adesão), quer as debilitantes (custos emocionais) no planejamento e avaliação de intervenções de educação para a saúde, com vistas a maximizar a adesão à prevenção do câncer do colo do útero.