RCAAP Repository

As in the case of the so-called hard sciences, we think it would be both important and urgent to gather scattered materials, so as to promote a true strategic alliance between several branches of knowledge, which would certainly bring about a better understanding of our object of study. In effect we propose a common effort in order to observe closely the relationship between translation studies, the publishing market and their reciprocal interchange. Then we follow the concept of cultural literacy within translation, bearing in mind the main aspects of its contemporary development as well as the problems involved in any definition of philology as a literary term. Besides it would be appropriate to correct the existence of many connected fields of study so as to favour the existence of unifying methodologies that can interpret varied aspects of life, such as the effects of censorship upon the access to cultural discourse or the relative position of national literatures when faced with a globalized literary corpus.

This essay is an attempt at rewriting Sherwood Anderson’s somewhat enigmatic short story from a mythological and Jungian perspective. It is an expression of the thoughts inspired by the story, and a possible interpretation of the author’s original words.

As a result of the new demographic trends, the twenty-first century is considered "the century of the elderly" (Barros de Oliveira, 2008). In the vocational literature, retirement is presented as a significant milestone that is associated with the physical and psychological process of aging. This paper aims to reflect on the importance of the professional role, the perception about the elderly in a work context and the experience of the retirement in the life cycle. It is concluded on the need for investment in career management programs for workers who are in the process of transition and adaptation to retirement.

This essay will focus empirically on two videos inspired by Wuthering Heights (1847), Emily Brontë's only novel and a text of great emotional intensity. As I will try to suggest, with a view to promoting (more) intermedial, practical and applied approaches to the study of literature, these videos - available online - embody and convey two distinct, though akin, literary traditions (the Gothic and the Romantic), thereby acting as 'primary sources' and leading our students from the stage and/or the screen back to the page, thus inviting them to review (and perhaps renew…) their own 'reading' practices and notions of 'readership'.

Over the years, numerous theories have been developed concerning how prisoners may be "cured" of their criminal tendencies and reinserted into society. Two American killers, Carl Panzram and Gary Gilmore, are mainly known for their extremely negative experiences in correctional facilities, to the point of preferring execution to life in prison. By studying the work Panzram: Journal of Murder, which contains Panzram's autobiography, and the novel The Executioner's Song, which depicts the events that led to Gilmore's execution, I endeavour to explain in what way the prison system contributed to both men's homicidal tendencies. Furthermore, I trace the evolution of American prisons from the time of the murderers to the present, referring to the guards' functions and to the conditions in correctional facilities. Finally, I discuss the effectiveness of the measures of social reinsertion attempted since Panzram's time, and whether they obey Michel Foucault's principles from his work Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.

Having had an initial twofold education on religion, first under the paradigm of "simple faith" through the example of his Nanny, Mrs. Everest, on which a bourgeois mode of understanding religion was poured at Harrow and Sandhurst, when facing the mortal perils of frontline soldier life, Churchill evolved to a peculiar personal mode of understanding and living the relation with the divine.

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On May 13th 2017 were canonized in Fatima two children, Jacinta Marto and Francisco Marto, the message of the Virgin depository. However, it was not easy, during the process of beatification, to conclude that two kids could be holy, achieve Holiness by the heroic exercise of the Christian virtues. The example of these first children of Fatima beatification opened in a way a new religious turndown reconfiguration to holiness also of children, not always properly valued in the various pastoral dynamic. John Paul II, at the homily of their beatification, wanted explicitly to support the beatification of two children who were not martyrs in the words of Jesus in the Gospel: "Father, ... to you I offer praise; for what you have hidden from the learned and the clever you have revealed to the merest children" (Mt 11: 25) (…)". The same Pope stated at the general audience after beatification: "With the two shepherd children of Fatima, the Church has beatified two very young people because, although they were not martyrs, they showed that they lived the Christian virtues to a heroic degree despite their young age. The heroism of children, but true heroism" (Audience, May 17 2000). The aim of this communication was to study - using the theological method - how childhood is seen in the texts of Scripture, the Christian Tradition and the recent Magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church.

When we look into History, in search for traces of the cultural interest for interdisciplinarity, it becomes clear that those times when human anatomy and dissection were performed, soon were followed by the greatest eras of scientific and artistic flourishment. Such was the case of ancient Egypt, Greece, or the Renaissance times. These thoughts inevitably crossed our minds, when visiting the enlarged exhibition of the Royal Collection of Leonardo da Vinci's 200 sketches, open to the wider public at the "Queen's Gallery" of Buckingham Palace, in August 2019, to mark the 500th anniversary of Leonardo's death. On that occasion, we believe to have fulfilled Queen Elizabeth's aim "that everyone who visits these exhibitions should be inspired by Leonardo's brilliance". We will never know if Leonardo dissected to further enhance his superiority in Art, or whether it was his early interest for the development of engineering, architecture, human anatomy and physiology, which led him to dissect. He worked alone and in secrecy, and he concealed the greatest part of his works from his contemporary public, but the smallest parcel of the overwhelming brilliance of his legacy that survived for half a millennium, has been waiting for a better developed public to learn and appreciate his efforts to dilute interdisciplinary frontier barriers, thus evolving to a better world of transdisciplinary culture, as the modern trend of the 21st century.

This article intends to reflect on Hannah Arendt’s concept of banality of evil. It starts with an analysis of the film Hannah Arendt by Margarethe von Trotta. This beginning is not a mere pretext. Because it is a relatively current cinematographic work, it has a public disclosure far superior to the written work of Arendt. In this sense, it becomes important to confront the film, elucidating its aspects more or less concordant with the author’s work. The banality of evil is perhaps the most complex concept proposed by Arendt and has given rise to a controversy that the author could not have foreseen. Margarethe von Trotta's film is extremely loyal to this controversy, although, because it is a film and not a treatise on philosophy, it does not explore all the complexity associated with the concept. This complexity is related to the few clarifications that Arendt provided about her change of mind on the subject of totalitarian evil, which was accompanied by a conceptual modification - from "radical evil" to "banality of evil". I intend to show, without denying the differences between the concepts, that we can combine them in order to think the banality capable of leading to radical evil.

The matrix of all Hellenic culture is the intuition of the absolute difference between the existence of something and its contradiction, for which there are no proper words. Hesiodic myth, as well as the narratives of Homer and the great dramatic authors, portray the first conception of this relation, depicted in many detailed forms. Plato, following Socrates’ teachings, proposes Goodness as that absolute difference, as the absolute ontological positivity that produces/creates being.

Although obviously not synonymic, whether as words, concepts or historical facts, this essay associates "absolutism" and "miguelismo" in contradistinction with a political "liberalism" only established in mid-19th century Portugal, after some hesitation, difficulties and errors along the way. Our aim is to look into signs and features of the times of D. Miguel as fictionally portrayed in Os Fidalgos da Casa Mourisca (1872), by Júlio Dinis (1839-1871), born in Oporto during the Setembrismo.

To celebrate the bicentenary of the publication of Ivanhoe (1819) we will demonstrate that the romance is famous because it contributed to the upsurge of interest for History and for the Middle Ages. When we hear about the recalcitrant and savage rebels of our days' graphic novels, we see that Ivanhoe, in the 19th century, was already acting as nowadays anti-heroes and he was their model and forerunner. Thus we see that Sir Walter Scott's fame has lasted for two centuries and that his name is still known all over the world. Scott (1771-1832) was born in the Borders, he studied at the University of Edinburgh, lived in the Trossachs, as in Stirlingshire and the Loch Katrine. In 1811, he bought Abbotsford House, where he organized a collection of antiques and a library containing 20.000 volumes. Besides being a successful writer, Scott contributed to the "myth" of the Highlands and for the use of the kilt and of the different tartans, as much with his literary work as with his cultural activities. Now that his work is also accessible in the E-texts, as the Gutenberg Project and Walter Scott Digital Archive at the University of Edinburgh, we see that there is a recrudescence of interest and thus it is confirmed that he is still appreciated by a new generation of readers. Multiple studies about reception ascertain the way Scott's work was received and has influenced artistic production. Nowadays readers of Walter Scott are familiarized with the themes of Post-colonialism and, therefore, they recognize them in his narratives, and this justifies that there is still interest in reading, studying and editing his work as it deals with questions like political instability and violence, that result from mixing peoples and having fluid frontiers, that are well up-to-date topics. Thus, we see that significant literary works, like Scott's, still have interest and should be read even when their authors long ago have disappeared. The proof of the longevity of Scott's work is also evident in the fact that there are cinema productions, which are inspired in it, as the film Ivanhoe (1952), with the actor Robert Taylor, and Walt Disney's version, of 1953, with Richard Todd, thus turning the legendary Ivanhoe into a flamboyant romantic figure of popular culture and, in 1982, the Hollywood version, with Anthony Andrews and James Mason. We can thus conclude that Scott was a cult figure in European Romanticism, who well deserves the monuments that have been dedicated to him and has contributed to the awareness that the influences of poetry reach beyond the literary scope and also due to his different way of combining history with fiction.

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This text explores the presence of the Chinese community in Portugal, considering its specific characteristics and its evolution. Moreover, the individuality of this community motivated our interest in pursuing a research project, centred on the business community group established in this country. This study led to a transnational vision of the networks that interact in this field. The diversity of the migratory flows involved and the economic dimension prevailing throughout the entire Chinese diaspora compelled the analysis of their relationship in terms of European networks and the institutional link maintained with China itself.

This article aims at highlighting the presence of the British Empire throughout one of the most beloved children’s classics, The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett (1911). By stirring away from popular children’s books, produced for boys and supported by the imperial agenda, Burnett endorses an anti-imperial discourse. India is constantly criticized by the author, who uses themes such as the climate, the landscape and the character’s health in order to emphasize the negative impact empire has on children and their families. We will study these themes and we will call attention to the author’s solutions in regards to these problems.

Between 1978 and 1980, immediately before El Salvador’s long-lasting Civil War,American poet Carolyn Forché (1950-) worked in El Salvador where she represented Amnesty International as a journalist and a human rights advocate. Forché addresses her experiences in "In Salvador" -- the first section of her second poetry book, The Country Between Us (1981). In what follows, I will offer a reading of three poems –"The Visitor", "The Colonel" and "Return" while remarking on the way Forché was able to create a very specific poetics, which primary goal is to document her experiences and reveal their surrounding circumstances.