RCAAP Repository

Considerando a escassez de informações na literatura, buscou-se traçar um perfil de formação da veia porta-hepática em 20 coelhos, reconhecendo o padrão de sua formação extraparenquimal e as possíveis relações entre os padrões de formação e distribuição da veia porta nesta espécie. Os animais foram injetados com látex Neoprene, fixados em formalina 10% e dissecados. A veia porta, na sua trajetória extraparenquimal, constituiu-se da junção da veia mesentérica cranial e caudal, recebendo ainda tributárias do estômago, baço e pâncreas. A veia mesentérica cranial formou-se, na totalidade dos casos a partir da confluência de um tronco jejunal e um tronco ileocecocólico. O tronco jejunal foi formado pela união de oito a dezoito veias jejunais e o tronco ileocecocólico constituiu-se a partir do encontro das veias cólicas, cecais e ileais, em diferentes arranjos e números. A veia mesentérica caudal foi formada pela união das veias retal e cólica esquerda.

Given the importance of malignant mammary gland tumors in veterinary medicine clinics, new perspectives of diagnostic imaging in order to evaluate pacients that have this neoplasia, and the lack of information about it in literature, this research intended to analyse some technical aspects of the contrast computed tomography scanning. The scanning time, the choice of the axial slices thickness, quality of the mediastinal vases contrast and the window width and level were studied in order to have images that make possible the evaluation of lungs, mediastinum, and bones. This research was performed at the Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Veterinary School Hospital of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia at the University of São Paulo in twenty, different breed and age, bitches with malignant mammary gland tumors that were examined at the Obstetric and Ginecology and Small Animal Surgery Services of the same hospital. The average time for the complete contrast computed tomography scanning of the thorax, with nearly 30 slices, was thirty minutes; the ventral recumbency with the cranial traction of thoracic limbs, and the administration of intravenously iodine contrast medium (2ml/kg) that was given; two thirds of the dose in bolus and the complement under continuing infusion presented to be appropriate for the thoracic contrast computed tomography scanning. The 10 milimeters thickness for animals weighting over 30 kilograms and 5 milimeters for animals weighting under 30 kilograms presented to be appropriate in order to reach an average of thirty slices; the window and level selections to obtain pulmonary, mediastinal and bone images presented appropriate to be evaluated starting from window width 1500 Hounsfield unit (HU) with level varyng from -550 e -650 for lungs, window width between 250 to 300 HU with level varyng from 0 e 50 for mediastinum and window width of 1500 with the level between 50 and 350 HU.

The aim of the present study was to assess excretory-secretory antigens and somatic antigens of Fasciola hepatica, specific antibodies, and to identify reactive sites in histological sections of adult parasites by means of immunohistochemistry. The immune response was observed through the intense reaction of cells that surround the ventral sucker of Fasciola hepatica. Immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and easy-to-use method for detecting antigenic sites in histological sections of this parasite.

Neste estudo verificou-se, principalmente, que a expressão tissular da FoAl esteve presente nas regiões proximais do epidídimo de gerbilo. As reatividades da FoAc e da ATPase foram intensas (fortes), na maioria das regiões do epidídimo caracterizadas, marcadamente ao nível do citoplasma apical das células do epitélio tubular, exceto no corpo epididimal um delgado ístmo de conexão da cabeça à cauda epididimárias nesta espécie, com notória hiporeatividade enzimática a praticamente todas as enzimas aqui estudadas. A SDH mostrou também fraca atividade em todas as regiões, e estruturas do ducto epididimário do gerbilo, exceto no compartimento intraluminal onde se verificou atividade SDH-intensa nos espermatozóides estocados no lúmen. As reações enzimáticas caracterizadas foram correlacionadas com alguns papéis histofisiológicos tais como a mediação enzimática das fosfatases e ATPase em processos como endocitose, secreção, absorção e processo de transporte ativo das células do epitélio tubular. Uma possível marcação específica de mitocôndrias da peça média dos espermatozóides intraluminais pela SDH foi sugerida, com embasamento em processos metabólicos das mitocôndrias.

O fluoroacetato de sódio (FAS) ou composto 1080 é um potente rodenticida utilizado no controle de roedores e predadores mamíferos. Sua utilização está proibida por lei em diversos países devido à sua alta toxicidade, mas no Brasil há evidências do uso ilegal e sem critérios causando intoxicações, principalmente em crianças e animais domésticos. O FAS age por meio do seu metabólito tóxico, o fluorocitrato, no bloqueio do ciclo de Krebs com conseqënte diminuição da produção de energia do organismo, provocando principalmente manifestações clínicas neurológicas e cardíacas. No presente estudo compararam quatro doses orais tóxicas do fluoroacetato de sódio, descritas em gatos, na literatura, observando-se o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos predominantes da intoxicação, as diferenças entre as doses quanto a variabilidade clínica em relação ao período de latência para o aparecimento dos sinais clínicos e sua respectiva intensidade. A dose oral tóxica que melhor caracterizou o quadro clínico da intoxicação por FAS em gatos, sem causar a letalidade aguda, foi de 0,45mg/kg. As diferenças entre as manifestações clínicas foram dose-dependentes e em ordem crescente de intensidade, caracterizando-se como sinais leves (dose 1: 0,3mg/kg), leves a moderados (dose 2: 0,4mg/kg), moderados a graves (dose 3: 0,45mg/kg) e graves (dose 4: 0,5mg/kg). Houve também variabilidade clínica individual entre animais intoxicados com a mesma dosagem do tóxico.

The osteosarcoma (OSA) is one of the most common malignant tumors of dogs. Large and giant-breed dogs are affected and the mean age of these dogs is about 7 years. The tumor usually involves the metaphyses of long bones and the treatment is radical amputation and chemotherapy with cisplatin. The therapy of neoplasia located in pelvis is difficult and usually don't accept by owners. This report describes the incidence of primary osteosarcoma in pelvis of dogs, during a period of fourteen months. Of the eight animals taken care with this neoplasia, a bigger frequency in the dogs of the race Rottweiler and German Pastor was observed. Amongst the bones that compose animal's pelvis was observed greater osteosarcoma incidence in ileum (6 cases). Lameness, functional impotence of pelvic member and pain had been the main observed clinical signals. In seven cases was found advanced involvement osseous, mainly, for lyses of the cortical. All the animals had been submitted to the euthanasia for not presenting possibility of surgical treatment with safety margin. Also one was taken in consideration for this decision to the clinical condition of the patients, the possibilities to confer improvement in the quality of life of the dogs and the option of the owners' front to the prognostic.

O intervalo ideal entre a AI e ovulação (OV) não está bem determinado ainda, variando entre 12 a 28 h antes até 4 h depois da ovulação. A utilização de gonadotrofinas para sincronizar ovulação permitiria a pré-determinação do tamanho dos grupos, de acordo com os intervalos IA-OV, e possibilitaria determinar um intervalo seguro entre IA-OV. 120 porcas receberam 7.5 mg IM de Luprostiol, entre os dias 12 e 17 do ciclo estral, 600 IU de eCG IM 24 h após o Luprostiol e 5.0 mg de LH IM 72 h após a injeção de eCG. O momento de ovulação foi diagnosticado pela ultra-sonografia trans-retal a intervalos de 6 h. Definiu-se 5 tratamentos de acordo com o intervalo IA-OV: T1 - 48 a 36 h antes da OV; T2 - 36 a 24 h antes da OV; T3 - 24 a 12 h antes da OV; T4 - 12 a 0 h antes da OV e T5 - 0 a 12 h após a OV. O abate ocorreu 96.7±11.37 h após a OV. A taxa de recuperação (RR), número de lutea de corpos (NC), número total de estruturas (ST), taxa de fecundação (FR), viabilidade embrionária (EV) e número de espermatozóides acessórios (AS) foram analisados. O protocolo de sincronização mostrou uma distribuição homogênea dos animais entre os tratamentos (intervalo LH-OV de 39.22±7.6h), e não influenciou os resultados. A FR e os resultados de EV sugerem que 36 h seja o tempo de viabilidade do espermatozóide trato genital da porca. Houve um forte declínio do AS entre T3 e T4.

Para o presente estudo utilizaram-se amostras de excretas cloacais de 50 aves da família Psittacidae, previamente sexadas. Os andrógenos e estrógenos fecais foram extraídos com Tampão Fosfato Salino (PBS) e com uma solução PBS:Álcool Etílico (4:1) e a mensuração hormonal foi realizada em "kits" comerciais para radioimunoensaio no Laboratório de Dosagens Hormonais (LDH) do Departamento de Reprodução Animal (VRA) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O sexo de cada ave foi confirmado utilizando como parâmetro o intervalo de confiança (95%) da média dos valores transformados dos índices do fator testosterona e seus metabólitos. Setenta por cento das aves tiveram o sexo confirmado pela técnica do radioimunoensaio. Os resultados encontrados demonstram a necessidade da realização de mais estudos para a determinação do sexo de aves monomórficas por meio de técnicas não invasivas.

During the period of three years, a retrospective study of 191 dogs with chronic renal failure was performed, in order to describe and focus information concerning history and clinical signs, as well as laboratorial and ultrasound findings, that could help for better understanding of the disease. Dogs included in this study had presented serum concentration levels of urea and creatinin above 40mg/dL and 2mg/dL, respectively. Most of the animals were older than 7 year-old, and Cocker Spaniel was the main breed observed among young and old affected dogs. Reduction of appetite, vomiting, lethargy, polidipsia and poliuria were the main clinical signs detected. Non-regenerative anemia and hyperphosphatemia, as well as urinalysis (low urinary specific gravity, absent or slight amount of proteinuria and casts in urinary sediment) and ultrasound exam findings (increase in ecogenicity, decrease in size, irregular shape to the renal contour and narrow toward the corticomedullary junction) could help to additional information for the diagnosis of chronic nephropathy in dogs.

Fish, as poikilotherms, are subjected to the influence of the environmental temperature. It has been already reported that fish immune system is influenced by temperature; however, no information is available concerning if temperature has any effect on thrombocytes. Thrombocytes from fish reared at 6°C, 10°C and 20°C were assessed for alteration in their aggregation capacity. Thrombocyte percentages were altered by the water temperature at which the fish was reared, decreasing from 19% (at 10°C) to 13% (at 6°C) and increasing to 24% (at 20°C). However, the aggregation capacity was not significantly compromised by these temperature changes in an individual cell basis, which would suggest a capability of this cell, to maintain this indispensable function at different temperatures.

The utilization of exogenous gonadotropins in the puberty induction and estrus/ovulation synchronization is a management that influence positively gilts handle, to the better effectiveness and economic inclusion of gilts in the Intensive Swine Production System herd. However, few researches have been developed to evaluate the subsequent estrus synchronization after puberty induction. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the subsequent estrus synchronization after the hormonal puberty induction and to evaluate the inducted and the following one estrus characteristics. Sixty six prepubertal gilts had their puberty inducted by a hormonal combination using gonadotropins (eCG and LH) at 145 days old, in average. A total of 35 (52,03%) of the 66 initially gilts showed estrus up to seven days after LH administration, and 40 (60,60%) had the subsequent estrus synchronized (synchronization was defined as the gilts which showed estrus up to day 25 after LH administration). Twenty six gilts (39,39%) showed the first and second estrus. The 26 (39,39%) remaining gilts that didn't show the second estrus synchronized were slaughtered, which 15 presented corpus albicans and/or corpora lutea and 11 were considered immature because they didn't present any structure mentioned above in the ovaries. There was no significant difference between the puberty estrus duration and the subsequent estrus duration (P>;0,05), neither their dispersion.

Pela inexistência de trabalhos, enfocando a crioterapia em felinos domésticos, dispostos na bibliografia brasileira indexada, propôs-se avaliar a praticabilidade e efetividade da crioterapia no tratamento do carcinoma espinocelular em animais desta espécie. Cinqüenta animais foram submetidos ao procedimento, utilizando-se do nitrogênio líquido como criógeno (com auxílio de spray ou sondas). Observou-se a completa remissão e cura em 80% das lesões, correspondendo a cura de 72% dos animais. A crioterapia revelou-se ainda um procedimento prático, seguro, e efetivo, nas condições da clínica veterinária paulistana.

The objetive of this study was to evaluate pregnancy rates in ewes using extenders based on coconut water (in natura: NCW or in powder: PCW-102®) following intra - cervical (Trial 1) or intrauterine laparoscopic insemination (Trial 2). Trial 1. Semen from 4 Santa Inês rams were collected, diluted at 32°C (T1: NCW; T2: PCW-102®) and cooled to 4°C. 56 adult Santa Inês ewes were inseminated intra-cervically following syncronization, 31 using the extender NCW and 25 the extender PCW-102®. Trial 2. Semen from 5 rams (Santa Inês: n=04; Dorper n=01) were collected and processed as described. 64 adult crossbred multiparous ewes were inseminated intrauterine by laparoscopy following oestrus syncronization. 37 ewes using the extender NCW and 27 the extender PCW-102®. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography. The fertility rates between treatments for each method of insemination and within each extender for both methods were analysed by Chi-square test (p<0,05). The pregnancy rates following intra-cervical (NCW: 25.8% vs PCW-102®: 48%) and intrauterine (NCW: 72.9% vs 70.3%) inseminations were not influenced by the extenders. The pregnancy rate was influenced by insemination method (intra-cervical: 35.7% vs laparoscopy: 71.8%; p<0,05). The extenders based coconut water as basis can be used following cervical or intra-uterine laparoscopic inseminations in ewes from Northeast of Brazil under field conditions.

A Prosopis juliflora é amplamente utilizada na alimentação humana e de várias espécies animais, especialmente bovinos. Quadros de intoxicação por esta planta, nesta espécie, têm sido relatados, principalmente quando a mesma é oferecida como única fonte alimentar, desencadeando uma doença de sintomatologia nervosa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos in vitro da fração de alcalóides totais (FA) extraída das vagens da Prosopis juliflora utilizando cultura primária de astrócitos obtidos do córtex cerebral de ratos como modelo de estudo. A avaliação da atividade mitocondrial pelo teste do MTT demonstrou a citotoxicidade em 30 µg/ml da FA após 24 h. As concentrações de 0,3 e 3 µg/ml da FA induziram um aumento da atividade mitocondrial, indicando reatividade celular. Testes imunocitoquímicos para a GFAP, principal proteína de citoesqueleto de astrócitos, revelaram alterações morfológicas nas células após tratamento com 0,3 e 3 µg/ml da FA por 72 h. Tais resultados são consoantes à análise desta proteína por westernblot, quando as culturas foram tratadas com 0,3 e 3 µg/ml da FA por 72 h, demonstrando interferências na regulação da expressão da GFAP. A expressão de vimentina não foi significativamente alterada em nenhuma das concentrações testadas. Estes resultados sugerem que os alcalóides da P. juliflora induzem a reatividade astrocitária, o que pode estar envolvido nos efeitos neurotóxicos providos pelo consumo desta planta.

In the Experiment 1, 50 pigs weaned at the 21 days were fed with either of five diets: T1 - basal diet; T2 - basal diet + antibiotic; T3 - basal diet + probiotic; T4 - basal diet + prebiotic; T5 - basal diet + simbiotic. The variables studied were body weight, feed intake and feed conversion in the Phase 1 (21 to 43 days), Phase 2 (44 to 57 days), Phase 3 (58 to 70 days) and Total Phase (21 to 70 days). During the performance experiment, a fecal survey score was conducted to verify diarrhea incidence. In the Experiment 2, 44 pigs weaned at 21 days were fed with the same diets of Experiment 1. Pigs were slaughtered at three differents ages (at weaning, at seven and 14 days after weaning). A segment of the small intestine was collected for analisys of total coliformes. The results showed that the best performance was obtained with the utilization of prebiotic and simbiotic. There were not differences in relation to diarrhea incidence among the treatments studied. The addition of probiotic and/or prebiotic in the diet prevented increase of colonization by pathogenic bacterias from seven to 14 days after weaning.

The cryopreservation process cause stress physical and chemical to the spermatozoa, causing biochemistry alteration, irreversible reduction of the spermatic motility, increase of the DNA degeneration and intrcellular enzyme and lipids release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of non-breeding and breeding seasons, glycerol and ethylene glycol, cryopreservation and thawing processes on stallion spermatozoa DNA-protein complex. It was compared fresh semen, diluted semen frozen without cryoprotectants, diluted semen exposured to cryoprotectants but not frozen and d) diluted semen frozen with cryoprotectants. Six stallions had 12 semen collections each. DNA-protein complex pathology was assessed by optical microscopy (1000x) using spermatozoa treated with ethanol-acetic acid 3:1 (v/v), HCl 4N at room temperature and toluidin blue 0,025% in McIlavaine buffer. Results showed that DNA-protein complex were different between frozen and not frozen spermatozoa groups (P<0,05). Frozen semen without cryoprotectants had no increasing of DNA-protein complex pathology compared to semen cryopreserved with cryoprotectant, but both showed increasing in relation to fresh and diluted semen exposured to cryoprotectants. The influence of non breeding and breeding season showed significant difference (P<0,05) in the fresh semen and fresh semen frozen without cryoprotectants. Cryopreservation process had negative influence on spermatozoa DNA-protein complex.

Brazil is one of the many countries that forbids the use of anabolic compounds, which generates difficulties on monitoring its use, once it has one of the biggest cattle herd. Therefore, several anabolic compounds are used, including trenbolone acetate. With the agreement of "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento", an ELISA based test was done with the production of polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and testing in steers urine which received trenbolone acetate implants. The test showed to be cheap, easy and reliable to use in bovine urine to determine alfa- trenbolone, trenbolone acetate major metabolite, released in the animals urine until 60 days after implant was been injected. The results in comparison to the ones obtained by the commercial kit used by the Brazilian "Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento" were similar, with no significant differences.

With the objective of evaluating the effect of refrigeration on the hemogasometric exam, venous blood samples were collected from 12 healthy male sheep, Santa Ines breed, with a mean age of 4 months old, and body weight raging from 30 to 45 kg. The blood samples for the hemogasometric examination were collected in two aliquots from each animal, using dispensable needles connected to plastic syringes containing about 1000 IU sodium heparin. During and after the sampling, the care of avoiding the presence of air bubbles in the syringe was attempted. The samples without conservation were kept at room temperature, between 23 an 25ºC, and the samples under refrigeration were kept in an box containing 3 L of cold water and 3Kg of ice, to maintain a temperature between 0 and 4ºC. The hemogasometric analyses were made immediately after collection an after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours. The results indicated significant alteration in samples kept at room temperature, characterized by decline, starting at 4, 8 and 10 hour post-collection, of the values f pH, BE and StB, respectively, and by a raise, since the 6th hour, of the values of PCO2. No significant variations of the parameters were seen in the refrigerated samples during the study. So, the conclusion is that ovine venous blood samples are viable, for the determination of the hemogasometric evaluation, until 24 hours after the collection, when kept (maintained) under adequate refrigeration.

The aim of this article was to evaluate and to standardize the measurement of grating visual acuity in adult and puppy dogs, without any kind of sedation, by sweep visually evoked potentials (sweep-VEP). Grating visual acuities of 22 dogs, 18 puppies (10 males, 8 females) and 4 adults (2 males, 2 females) were measured. Sweep-VEPs were recorded from two active electrodes placed on the scalp at O1 and O2, a reference electrode at Oz and a ground electrode at Cz. using as stimulus a pattern reversal square wave grating at a temporal rate of 6 Hz with spatial frequency, ranging from 0.2 to 12 cycles per degree (cpd). The dog was positioned on the lap of the investigator with the head gently supported to maintain the eyes in front of the video monitor (Dotronix D788), at a distance of 50 cm. The mean luminance was 159.3 cd/m². The test was performed in a darkened room without mydriatic, sedative or anesthetic drugs. We were able to obtain grating visual acuity measurements in all dogs. The results were comparable to those obtained with other methods. We also followed the development of grating visual acuity during the first 13th weeks of life when the adult level acuity was reached. The sweep-VEP method is a rapid and reliable procedure for the objective quantification of grating visual acuity in puppies and adult dogs, without the need of sedation.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos sobre a cinética do cianeto, em suínos, em diferentes fases da vida, usando o tiocianato como biomarcador. Vinte e dois suínos, foram divididos em quatro grupos (60 dias da idade, 95 dias da idade, 80 dias do gestação e 21 dias de lactação), e receberam por via oral, a dose única de 3.0 mg /kg de peso vivo de cianeto do potássio (KCN). As concentrações do tiocianato no sangue foram medidas dentro de 24h. O tempo máximo (Tmax) e constante de eliminação (Kel) foram mais elevados em porcas lactantes (15 hs e 0.045, respectivamente); por ouro lado, a maior concentração do tiocianato (Cmax) foi observada nas fêmeas grávidas (161.8). A meia vida de eliminação (t1/2) e o volume da distribuição (Vd) foram mais elevados nas fêmeas adultas (41, 57 e 1.23, respectivamente). Contudo a área sob a curva (AUC) do tiocianato foi mais elevado nos animais novos (354183, 28), e o clearance o mais baixo (0.007) nestes animais. Concluindo, os resultados do presente estudo, evidenciam que o metabolismo do cianeto, varia extremamente, considerando o estado fisiológico dos suínos fêmeas, e que são os animais novos, provavelmente, os mais sensíveis aos efeitos tóxicos, da exposição crônica as baixas doses do cianeto.