RCAAP Repository

With the purpose in obtaining measurable parameters of hematologic examination and total protein test values of eight sea turtles of species Caretta caretta in captivity, 5mL of blood were collected from dorsal cervical sinus using heparin as anticoagulant. The results showed average amounts of erythrocytes of 275.000/µl (±28.030,59), packed cell volume of 33,12% (±2,35), hemoglobin concentration of 8,65 g/dl (±0,80), while the erythrocytic indexes were 725 fl (± 131,99) for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 198,18 pg (± 38,66) for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and 26,10% (± 1,21) for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The leukocyte response showed an average of WBC counting of 3.656/µl (±963,04), and the average numbers relating to the leukocyte count were 59,38% (±16.27) for heterophils, 10,38% (±6,32) for eosinophils, 0,13% (±0.35) for basophils, 29,25% (±17,12) for lymphocytes and 0,88% (±2,10) for monocytes, being those absolute values of 2.156,87/µl (±703,49); 366,88/µl (±216,44); 2,50/µl (±7,07); 1.110,94/µl (±783,61) e 19,06/µl (± 42,34), respectively. The average amount of trombocytes found equaled 10.968,13/µl (±3.109,19) and the total protein finding of an average 6,5 g/dl (±0,83). Of all variables analyzed, the erythrocytes count, the mean corpuscular volume, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and all leukocyte counts presented different values for the relevant species when compared to published literature.

The objective of this study was to identify intestinal protozoa in fecal samples of illegally commercialized New World nonhuman primates apprehended by governmental authorities and sent to a Wildlife Screening Center in the municipality of Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, under the administration of Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais. Feces from marmosets (crossbreeding among Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata) and brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca) were collected and submitted to Richtie's formaldehyde-ether sedimentation technique. Smears were made with the sediment and submitted to safranin-methylene blue and Wheatley's modified trichrome stainings. Phenol-auramine staining was used in order to compare positive smears for Cryptosporidium oocysts stained with safranin-methylene blue technique. Three (100%) fecal samples of brown howler monkeys and eight of common marmosets (88.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Blastocystis hominis-like forms were observed in all samples of brown howler monkeys and in 66.7% (6/9) of marmosets. New World nonhuman primates Callithrix crossbreed species and A. fusca can harbor forms similarly identified as potential zoonotic organisms. The strict contact between monkeys and humans can represent risks for both by mutual transmission of pathogens. It is unknown if monkey species studied in the present work are either infected with these parasites in natural environment or acquire it when submitted to human contact. Stressing is also a factor that deserves attention on animals submitted to capture, apprehension and transport to Wildlife Screening Centers.

The aim of this article is to evaluate the efficiency of the cultivation technique in thin layer of Middlebrook 7H11 (TL7H11) for isolating Mycobactererium bovis from suggestive lesions of tuberculosis in cattle and to compare the results with traditional methods of cultivation. At the first step it was used M. bovis AN5 and M. tubercuolosis H37Rv standard strain. The both performance were compared between the cultivation in TL7H11 and in the Stonebrink and Petragnani media. The strains presented visible growing in TL7H11 at the third day of cultivation, while the Stonebrink and Petragnani there were growing just at the 14 day. At the 13 day of cultivation it was possible to differentiate both strains by their colony morphological characteristics. The second step was to cultivate 62 clinicals samples in TL7H11 and Stonebrink for tentative isolation of M. bovis. The isolated samples were detected in TL7H11 until 21 days of cultivation whereas none samples weregrown in Stonebrink tubes. The median time of growing in TL7H11 was 19,0 days against 49,0 days of Stonebrink (p=0,014).

Related data to the diameters of the pelvis from 72 Aotus azarai infulatus, owl monkeys, 42 adult males and 30 adult non-pregnant females, were obtained in vivo by ventrodorsal projection radiographic exams, correlated with sex, the measures of the body and their origin. The mean values of the body length (30.94 cm), tail length (35.63 cm), thoracic perimeter (18.97 cm), hip perimeter (17.11 cm) and the weight (0.96 Kg) were verified. The radiographic images were digitalized and measured, and the mean values were 1.41 cm for the superior biiliac diameter; 1.58 cm for the inferior biiliac diameter; 1.97 cm for the medium biiliac diameter; 2.64 cm for the right diagonal diameter; 2.66 cm for the left diagonal diameter; 2.48 cm for the sacrum-pubic diameter; 3.85 cm² for the inlet pelvic area. In conclusion, the pelvis from males and females Aotus azarai infulatus can be classified as dolicopelvic and there is pelvic sexual dimorphism in adult owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus).

O objetivo do presente estudo foi purificar o hCG contido em uma preparação comercial (Pregnyl® Organon) por cromatografia de afinidade e avaliar a taxa de ovulação de vacas injetadas com o hormônio purificado. Uma coluna de cromatografia contendo matriz de Concanavalina-A Sepharose (Con-A) foi equilibrada e cem mil unidades internacionais (UI) de Pregnyl® foram aplicadas na coluna. Frações de 3,8µL foram colhidas (4ºC) a cada 5 minutos durante 12,5 horas, resultando em um total de 150 frações. Após a fração 76 adicionou-se à coluna solução tampão contendo 0,3M de ±-metilglicosidase. A concentração protéica das frações foi estimada por espectrofotometria (280nm). Foram observados dois picos de absorbância, um entre as frações 14 e 19 e outro entre as frações 90 e 100. As frações 14 a 19 e 90 a 150 foram reunidas seqüencialmente aos pares, concentradas por ultrafiltração e analisadas por SDS-PAGE. O primeiro pico resultou da eluição das proteínas não adsorvidas pela matriz de Con-A, enquanto o segundo representou as proteínas adsorvidas pela coluna, especialmente o hCG. As frações contendo hCG foram reunidas em uma única amostra cuja concentração protéica foi quantificada pelo método de Lowry. Vacas no 5º dia de um ciclo estral sincronizado, apresentando um folículo dominante maior que 8mm de diâmetro, foram injetadas com 0,1, 0,2 ou 0,3mg de proteína contida na amostra purificada. Após 48 horas, a taxa de ovulação observada foi de 0%, 50% e 75%, respectivamente. Foi demonstrado no presente estudo que a técnica de cromatografia por afinidade foi eficiente para aumentar a concentração relativa do hCG preservando sua atividade biológica.

Synthesis of endometrial prostaglandin F2± (PGF2±) results from a complex cascade of highly coordinated intracellular events. Production of PGF2± can be stimulated by mellitin and 12, 13 phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu). Objective of the present study was to verify whether basal or stimulated synthesis of PGF2± was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. In Experiment 1, endometrial explants from cyclic, non-lactating cross-bred beef cows (n=2) on day 15 of the estrous cycle were incubated in quadruplicate in culture KHB culture medium or medium supplemented with 10-6M PDBu, 10-6M melittin or 10-5M melittin. Medium samples were collected immediately and 60 minutes after treatment administration and concentration of PGF2± in medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of PGF2± in medium were higher (P<0.06) after treatment with PDBu in comparison with control and melittin. In Experiment 2, endometrial explants from cyclic, non-lactating cross-bred beef cows (n=4) on day 17 of the estrous cycle were incubated in quadruplicate in medium supplemented with 0, 50, 100 or 200mg cyclohexamide (CHX) and 0 or 100ng/ml PDBu, in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Medium samples were collected immediately and 60 minutes after administration of treatments and concentrations of PGF2± measured by radioimmunoassay. Endometrial integrity was was evaluated by histology. Treatment with PDBu stimulated production of PGF2± (P<0.01), regardless of concentration of CHX used. The CHX did not affect production of PGF2±, either in the presence or absence of PDBu. Histological integrity of explants was preserved. It was concluded that both basal and PDBu-stimulated PGF2± production are not dependent on new protein sythesis.

This study was performed in order to evaluate the detection limit of PCR with fluorescent capillary electrophoresis for Leptospira pomona diagnosis in bovine semen. Negative bovine semen samples were artificially contaminated with Leptospira pomona (10(0) to 10(7) bacteria/ml) and DNA was extracted by phenol/chloroform protocol. DNA fragments visualization was done by three electrophoresis methods: under UV light in 2% agarose gel, silver staining 8% polyacrylamide gel and fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. The detection limit of capillary electrophoresis for Leptospira pomona was 10²bacteria/ml. Under UV light, in 2% agarose gel, the detection limit was of 10(4) bacteria/ml while for silver stained 8% polyacrylamide gel it was 10² bacteria/ml. PCR with fluorescent capillary electrophoresis is an efficient and rapid diagnostic test for DNA detection of Leptospira in bovine semen and this can be an important tool for herd and semen sanitary control in artificial insemination centers.

Os métodos analíticos para quantificar a concentração de lignina atualmente em uso não se tem mostrado satisfatórios. Um método espectrofotométrico, a lignina brometo de acetila (LBA) tem sido empregado para determinar o teor de lignina em plantas forrageiras; entretanto, padece da inexistência de um padrão de referência ideal, com o qual as leituras de densidade óptica das amostras são comparadas. Uma lignina, extraída da planta com solução ácida de dioxano, foi empregada para a construção de uma curva de calibração para o método em questão. Este procedimento foi comparado com outros métodos (lignina detergente ácido - LDA, lignina Klason - LK e lignina permanganato de potássio - LPer) na estimativa do teor de lignina em diferentes frações vegetais (caule, folha e parte aérea) de oito cultivares de aveia (Avena byzantina L.). Não houve concordância de valores entre os quatro métodos analíticos. Num âmbito geral, LBA e LK forneceram as maiores estimativas enquanto a LDA resultou nos menores valores, particularmente nas amostras de plantas mais jovens. A concentração de lignina foi mais elevada na fração caule do que na folha. Foi detectado efeito da maturidade nas amostras analisadas. Conclui-se que o método LBA usando como padrão de referência a lignina extraída com dioxano ácido tem potencial para ser empregado nas determinações dos teores de lignina.

Anomalias congênitas do coração e de grandes vasos estão entre as mais comuns encontradas em animais, porém são raras em eqüinos. Este relato descreve uma anomalia cardíaca que apresenta confluência entre a parede da aorta e do tronco pulmonar, ramificação da veia cava caudal no átrio esquerdo com presença de válvula e conseqüentemente posição errônea do coração na cavidade torácica de um potro da raça Quarto-de-Milha encontrado morto após o nascimento. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela associação dos achados macroscópicos durante a necrópsia e o exame histopatológico realizados no Curso de Medicina Veterinária- UNESP-Araçatuba.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar funcionalmente os macrófagos lácteos "nonelicited" presentes por meio de testes de fagocitose, espraiamento e liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio. Foram colhidas 56 amostras de leite de 15 búfalas hígidas e mensuradas a contagem de células somáticas total e diferencial, a viabilidade celular, os testes de fagocitose, de espraiamento e a liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio. Dessas variáveis obteve-se respectivamente média de 14.500 cél/mL de leite; com mediana de 4,33% de linfócitos e médias e desvios padrão de 50,77% + 18,28 de células da série monócito/macrófago e 32,13% + 19,27 de polimorfonucleares. A viabilidade das células na suspensão foi 66,8% +15,8 e os índices de fagocitose e espraiamento foram 30,1% + 16,9 e 58,5% +13,3. Não houve diferença entre a liberação de H2O2 espontânea e induzida por PMA. Concluiu-se que os macrófagos presentes no leite de búfalas hígidas e espraiaram significativamente, além de apresentarem correlação com outro marcador de ativação celular, no caso, a liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio; mais da metade dos macrófagos aderidos fagocitaram partículas de zymosan; os fagócitos mantêm sua capacidade de liberar peróxido de hidrogênio, espontaneamente ou não, em grau máximo, com uma significativa variação entre amostras.

A área da junção atrioventricular (AJAV), incluindo nó e feixe atrioventriculares foi investigada em sete corações de iguana comum ou verde (Iguana iguana), usando microscopia de luz. Animais adultos, de ambos os sexos, foram capturados no Pantanal, Brasil. Todos os corações foram fixados em formaldeído tamponado 10% (pH 7,2) por 24 horas, incluídos em parapast de acordo com métodos de rotina e seccionados com 5µm de espessura. Na iguana, a AJAV consiste de uma massa de fibras musculares mergulhada em uma quantidade variável de tecido conjuntivo e vasos sangüíneos, rodeada por miocárdio adjacente e aderida à valva atrioventricular direita no esqueleto fibroso. Através da microscopia de luz, células de condução do nó e feixe atrioventriculares podem ser distinguidas das células de trabalho por serem menores, de coloração pálida e pela presença de um envoltório de tecido conjuntivo. O nó AV bem como o feixe AV e seus ramos formam um trato contínuo. Histologicamente, encontramos fibras elásticas entre as células de condução, principalmente no nó AV. O método do PAS revelou a presença de glicogênio nas células especializadas. O esqueleto fibroso, principalmente, o trígono direito, apresentou um tecido condróide bem desenvolvido, constituído de cartilagem semelhante à hialina (condrócitos binucleados inseridos em grandes lacunas e matriz extracelular com colágeno fibrilar). O esqueleto fibroso tem fibras colágenas e cartilagem semelhante à hialina. Em conclusão, as células nodais e de Purkinje no coração de iguana apresentam pouca diferença morfológica quando comparadas às de mamíferos e aves, contudo o esqueleto fibroso tem um tipo diferente de cartilagem.

In the last decade the dairy and beef bovine farms had an increment in their breeding programs that include the use o ovum pick-up and in vitro production (OPU/IVP). Oocytes retrieved by OPU vary in quality and its reduced number requires appropriated culture conditions for IVP. To evaluate the effect of the number of embryos and volume of the media in the in vitro culture of bovine embryos, 1428 zygotes were cultured in groups of 5, 10 or 20 in 1, 5 or 10mL of medium. Groups of 20 oocytes matured in vitro in 200mL of TCM+rFSHh+ 10% estrus cow serum (ECS). The fertilization was performed in groups of 20 oocytes/200mL of Fert-Talp medium, for 18h with 1x10(6) spermatozoa/mL. The culture was done in SOFaaci+5%ECS for 8 days. Considering D0 as the fertilization day, the IVP was evaluated on day 2 (cleavage), day 7 (blastocyst) and in day 9 (hatching rates). The cleavage rates were higher when embryos were cultured in groups of twenty. However, it was not affected by the medium ratio of 1:1, 1:5 and 1:10. The use of 1:5 and 1:10mL of culture medium ratio showed higher embryo production rates in D7 (P<0.05) than 1:1mL proportion. The culture of 20 embryos per drop affected the blastocyst production on day 7. Likewise the hatching rates in D9 were higher with 1:5 and 1:10 than 1:1. Similarly, the hatching rates were higher in cultured of 10 or 20 embryos/drop when compared to groups of 5 embryos/drop. The reduction of embryos and the proportion of the medium volume in culture affects the development indexes on bovine embryos in vitro production.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the chronic granulomatous inflammatory process experimentally induced in Oreochromis niloticus by the inoculation of BCG and to clarify aspects of the inflammatory reaction in fish for a better understanding of the phylogeny of the process. Results obtained by light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis showed the participation of macrophages, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells and foreign type giant cells in the inflammatory process. Besides these cell types, a granulomatous reaction mainly consisting of epithelioid cells was also observed ultrastructurally. These epithelioid cells developed desmosomes throughout the experiment, and also began to express receptors for cytokeratin. Both findings are immunocytochemically characteristic of epithelial cells. Pigment cells (melanomacrophages) could also be seen surrounding all the granulomatoid formation in a crescent fashion and participating in the chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic trace mineral sources supplementation on egg production of laying hens. It consisted of 8 treatments: one treatment with all trace minerals on inorganic form, one treatment with all minerals on organic form and 6 treatments where only one mineral was from organic origem. The trace minerals were: zinc, manganese, iodine, selenium, copper and iron. Corn and soybean meal basal diet was used. 672 Babcock B300 laying hens with 48 weeks were used. The production parameters analyzed were: Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion. Data were summarized for 3 periods of 28 days each and analyzed throught SAS. The results for egg production were not different for the tree periods, except for egg mass witch was lowed in the organic iron treatment in the last period (p<0,05). The experiment results suggest that the supplementation with organic minerals did not improve the egg production for laying hens between 48 - 60 weeks of age, when it was compared with inorganic mineral supplementation.

Serial dissections were accomplished from the nervous roots and their respective visceral innervations, concerning to the Autonomous Nervous System, sympathetic and parasympathetic, in corpses, fresh dog, without defined race, of different sizes and weights, along the lumbossacral spaces, beginning the dissection in L-1 and concluding this, in S-2. The aspects taken into account for the morfofunctional analysis of these innervations to certify the orientation to apply the local spinal peridural anesthesia, that so help in veterinary anesthesiology, especially in toxemic, pregnant or high risk patients, when the use of this anesthesia, made by injection using Twoy needles, through the lumbossacral space, an easy procedure, but there are restrictions still because the lack of practice.

In this study, we estimated parameters related to the dog population dynamics in Ibiúna, a town in the state of São Paulo, regarding household, sheltered and euthanized dogs, in the period from 1998 to 2002. Sheltered and euthanized dogs data were obtained from Ibiúna Zoonosis Department records, and also from household dogs population census, through surveys conducted using a questionnaire to interview household members, during rabies vaccination campaigns. Both the number of sheltered and euthanized dogs increased progressively in the studied period. The values for the human to dog mean ratio were 3.16:1, 7.67:1, and 3.91:1 for the rural area, the urban area, and the whole town, respectively, with predominance of male (70.10%) and mixed breed (80.71%) dogs, in the household dog population. A 16.69% mean annual rate of increase was observed for the dog population, and most of the dogs lived in the rural area (82.93%). Euthanasia and sheltering of dogs did not show to be effective, in the way they were applied, as methods of dog population control in Ibiúna. The dog population parameters estimated in this study will help the health authorities from Ibiúna to design control programmes for both dog population and zoonosis. The results observed call our attention to some aspects related to responsible ownership and to the importance of the animal owner's role for the solution of the abandoned dogs problem.

To stimulate the bone callus development process from distal third of radius, 24 adult mongrel dogs used were from both sexes. These dogs were separated in two experimental groups of 12 animals each, named control and treated, divided in 4 moments (M1=15 days; M2=30 days; M3=45 days; M4=60 days), who underwent were performed surgical fractures. In treated group, it was performed bone perforations on proximal and distal edges, craniolateral and mediolateral to the fracture site. At the end of each moment, control and treated animals were evaluated by radiography, histology, and bone mineral densitometry (BMD) was determined on fracture site. According to the radiographic data of treated dogs, it was verified on days 15 and 30 more intense bone regeneration than control group. During M3 and M4, it wasn't detected any difference in bone reparation process betweencontrol and treated groups. In densitometric study, BMD values were greater in treated animals than in control dogs. Histological studies revealed at 15 and 30 days chondrocyte hyperplasia and initial endochondral ossification on drilled limbs; control group showed sustainment connective tissue and initial chondrocyte hiperplasia. At M3 and M4 of the treated group, were verified development and remodeling of periosteal callus in more advanced phases when comparing with limbs from control group. It can be concluded that using perforations enhances blood flow supply and activation of osteogenic cells on fracture site, stimulating the beginning of fracture consolidation process.

The effect of the enzymes hyaluronidase and trypsin were recorded on the motility, vigor and acrosome integrity in the semen of capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). The animals (n=6) were maintained at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. Under anesthesia semen samples were collected by electroejaculation. Immediately after the ejaculation, the semen liquid fraction was analyzed for volume (ml), pH, motility (%), vigor (0-5), concentration (cells/ml), defects (%) and percentage of intact acrosome (%). The coagulated fraction was treated with a solution of hyaluronidase or trypsin, 1mg/ml in commercial medium (199-Nutricel, Campinas/SP, Brazil) in a proportion of 1:4 and the samples were examined after 5 and 15 minutes. The Student T Test (95%) was used to compare the treat-ments. There was no significant difference in the motility, vigor or acrossome integrity (p >; 0.05) between coagulated fraction diluted ei-ther in trypsin or in hyaluronidase, after 5 or 15 minutes. However, there was significant difference in motility and vigor between liquid and coagulated fraction, after 15 minutes, for both treatments (p; 0.05). In conclusion, there were no apparent effects in the coagulum for both treatments regarding motility, vigor and acrosome integrity. There were significant differences between liquid and coagulated fractions regarding motility and vigor, but not for acrosome integrity. In both enzyme treatments there were no complete dissolution of the coagulum.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão na ração de 0 ou 8% de fibra em detergente neutro proveniente de feno de gramínea sobre a morfologia dos órgãos digestivos e não digestivos de suínos nas fases de creche e de crescimento-terminação. Foram utilizados suínos mestiços alimentados à vontade com rações isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, em experimento inteiramente casualizado. Ao final de cada período, os animais foram abatidos e eviscerados. Observou-se que a ração fibrosa promoveu, na creche, aumento do peso do estômago vazio, do intestino grosso e do ceco cheio (expressos em percentual do peso vivo dos animais). Nos animais da fase de crescimento-terminação, registrou-se aumento do peso do trato gastrointestinal cheio e do estômago vazio. O aumento do peso de alguns órgãos digestivos sugere possível adaptação morfológica à presença de ração fibrosa.

Objetivou-se registrar os efeitos da inclusão de 0 ou 8% de fibra em detergente neutro na ração de suínos, sobre a histologia intestinal de suínos nas fases de creche e de crescimento-terminação. Foram utilizados suínos mestiços alimentados à vontade com rações isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, em experimento inteiramente casualizado. Ao final de cada período, os animais foram abatidos, eviscerados e os cortes histológicos realizados. A ração fibrosa promoveu, na creche, significativo aumento da proporção volumétrica glandular na mucosa cecal; redução da proporção volumétrica ocupada pelas células caliciformes no epitélio do jejuno; aumento das áreas de células caliciformes produtoras de muco, presentes no epitélio glandular do jejuno, ceco e colo; além de aumento na intensidade do muco presente nas células caliciformes do duodeno e colo. Ao final da fase de terminação, os suínos alimentados com as dietas fibrosas, apresentaram aumento da proporção volumétrica glandular do epitélio do ceco, mas ligeira redução da área das células caliciformes produtoras de muco, no epitélio do colo. Estes dados sugerem uma adaptação, possivelmente um mecanismo de proteção, do epitélio à ação abrasiva exercida pelo oferecimento contínuo de fibra dietética na dieta de suínos, particularmente na fase creche.