RCAAP Repository

Coccidiosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in dogs and cats in all the world. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of this parasitosis in dog and cat population at the Municipality of Andradina in the State of São Paulo, from 2007 to 2009. Fecal samples from 97 cats and 93 dogs were analyzed by using the techniques of flotation in saturated sodium chloride and spontaneous sedimentation. The species were classified according to morphology of the oocysts. Cystoisospora fecal oocyst found in 71.1% (69/97) of the cats, and simple infection by C. rivolta and C.felis occurred respectively in 41.0% (16/39) and 20.5% (8/39) animals, with P ≥ 0.2319. In 39.7%(37/93) of the dogs was found positive for Cystoisospora spp. And the species C. canis identified in the largest proportion (63.9%) with P = 0.0005. From the results, we conclude that dogs and cats had high incidence of infection Cystoisospora, being C. canis and C. rivolta most observed species, respectively.

As células mononucleares da medula óssea têm sido utilizadas em diversas afecções na tentativa de regeneração tecidual. (O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a adesão das células mononucleares sobre defeito crítico, com a adição do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e / ou TGF-β1 (Fator de crescimento transformador Beta 1), e, por fim, verificar o reparo ósseo dos sítios defeituosos dos fêmures dos ratos. Foi criado um defeito bilateral critico nos fêmures de 33 Wistar-Kyoto ratos. Células mononucleares de medula óssea, TGF-β e PRP foram adicionadas no lado tratado da lesão e soro fisiológico no lado contralateral. Determinou-se a adesão de células mononucleares sobre o defeito crítico e reparo ósseo. A presença e consequente adesão das células mononucleares administradas nos animais tratados não foi evidenciada através da técnica de PCR. As análises radiológicas evidenciam fechamento da lesão, porém, nós não podemos afirmar que foi pelos tratamentos administrados ou pela própria regeneração óssea, quando analisadas em seis e 10 semanas pós-operatórias, haja visto não apresentarem diferenças significantes entre os grupos. Conclusões: a) As células mononucleares não aderiram ao defeito crítico criado no fêmur do rato; b) Não foi possível avaliar a eficiência dos tratamentos propostos para o reparo ósseo, por não apresentarem diferenças significativas entre os grupos.

The suspension of rats by the tail model is used to investigate the behavior of bone in animals unable to move around. Bone is an adaptative tissue that develops in structure and function, among other factors, in response to mechanical forces applied to it and metabolic demands that it will suffer. The absence of mechanical forces and deformation of bone that occurs causes a decrease in calcium deposition in the absence of stimuli on osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the action of osteoclasts, making bones weak and brittle. Therefore, the mechanical action is necessary to stimulate local bone response and thus provide growth and remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluable by radiographic densitometry, the tail suspension for 15 and 36 days alter the bone mineral density of cervical vertebrae (C3), thoracic (T6) and lumbar (L1 and L3) of Wistar rats. Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus, adult, male, Wistar strain, average body mass ± 350g, were divided into 3 groups: control (n = 10) - not suspended; S15 (n = 10) - suspended for 15 days and S36 (n = 10) - suspended for 36 days. For densitometric analysis vertebrae were radiographed, scanned, digitized and analyzed by the computer program ImageJ®. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in group S15, probably by the restlessness of the animals to the suspension, with a decrease in group S36, and this hypothetically is linked to the accommodation of the rats, concluding that the tail suspension altered bone mineral density in first time with a decrease over time.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, progressive and slow disease, and hyperlipidaemia is one of the potential factors in the development of atherosclerotic cardiac diseases. The experimental dyslipidaemia carrying out advantages are the production of atheromatous lesions in a short period of time, an adequate dietetic control and environmental factors, the possibility of studies concerning reversibility of atherosclerotic lesions, and pre-clinic experiments with hypolipidaemic substances. This study aims at evaluating tyloxapol analyzing serum lipid levels. Twenty-eight healthy Wistar adults’albino male rats, weighing an average of 200 g were utilized. They were distributed into four experimental groups with seven animals each, as follows: Group I – (control); Group II – treated with tyloxapol at a dose of 500mg/kg of body weight, through intraperitoneal via each 48 hours, for two weeks; Group III - treated with tyloxapol at a dose of 500mg/kg of body weight, through intraperitoneal via each 48 hours, for three weeks; Group IV - treated with tyloxapol at a dose of 500mg/kg of body weight, through intraperitoneal via each 48 hours, for four weeks. As lipid profile evaluation is concerned, the values of triacylglycerols and HDL have indicated that group III has significantly differed from group I and the values of total cholesterol and LDL have indicated that group I has significantly differed from group II, III and IV. It was concluded that for the studied period the surfactant tyloxapol was effective to inducing hyperlipidaemia.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o hemograma de bovinos alimentados com glicerina bruta. Trinta novilhos da raça Nelore foram utilizados para as colheitas de sangue, as quais foram realizadas a cada 28 dias. Os animais foram mantidos confinados durante 103 dias e foram alimentados com cinco dietas contendo 0, 7,5, 15, 22,5 e 30% de glicerina bruta com base na matéria seca, formuladas na proporção volumoso:concentrado de 30:70 sendo a silagem de milho o volumoso e o concentrado composto por milho em grão, casca de soja, farelo de girassol, glicerina, calcário calcítico, fostatobicálcico e sal comum. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualisados com cinco tratamentos. Contrastes ortogonais foram usados para determinar os efeitos linear, quadrático, cúbico e tratamento com glicerina × controle. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos (P>0,05) sobre as concentrações sanguíneas de hemácias, hematócrito, basófilos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos bastonetes e linfócitos, porém houve efeito linear sobre as concentrações de plaquetas, hemoglobina e monócitos (P=0,009, P=0,001 e P=0,043, respectivamente), e efeito cúbico sobre as concentrações de leucócitos totais e neutrófilos segmentados (P=0,008 e P=0,004, respectivamente). Dietas para bovinos de corte, contendo relação volumoso:concentrado 30:70 aditivadas com glicerina bruta, promovem alterações no eritrograma e no leucograma destes animais.

The equine third metacarpal bone has been seen as a region of particular interest due to the large number of injuries to which it is subject. Thus, the detailed study of its anatomical structure, size and elemental composition is justified for the improvement of diagnostic techniques, treatment and prevention of injuries. In this work it has been studied the macro elemental composition of 30 pairs of equine third metacarpal bone and its relation with age, sex, weight, breed, nutrition and activity of animals. The average concentrations of calcium and phosphorus of the samples were 205 ± 62 mg/g and 97 ± 32 mg/g, respectively. The ratio [Ca] / [P] was found to be 2.12 ± 0.13, indicating that the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in bone tissue is constant and approximately equal to the ratio 2:1. The statistical analysis showed normal values for the entire set of measurements. In the evaluation of the animals with intense physical activity, and animals with light physical activity, it was found that the amount of mineralized material for the first and second sets respectively ([Ca] = 222 ± 57 mg/g [Ca] = 179 ± 47 mg/g), showing the existence of statistical correlation between the deposit of mineral material and the function performed by the animals. For the other characteristics were not found statistical evidence of correlations. These findings will be input for further studies of possible correlations with diseases of nutritional origin or physiological outside the series of fractures and other disease common to the equine locomotor system.

Gamma-oryzanol is a natural substance contained in rice bran oil that has been studied for years in humans due to its hypocholeterolemic and antioxidant properties, and in recent years in horses. Using six stallions from different breeds in a randomized experimental design, weighing 472.67±90.48 kg and aging 10±5.4 years, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with rice bran oil containing 1.1% of gamma-oryzanol in plasmatic lipids levels (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides), testosterone and sperm quality. Stallions were divided in two groups, one receiving 150 mL of soybean oil, and the other 150 mL of rice bran oil twice a day, during 60 days. Blood and sperm samples were collected every 15 days of the trial period. Data obtained was processed, and means compared using F test, at 5% of confidence level. Mean values of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides and testosterone were respectively 92.73; 61.47; 26.99; 4.28 mg/dL and 75.93 ng/dL in the soybean oil supplemented group, and 110.20; 66.73; 38.44; 5.02 mg/dL and 62.13 ng/dL in the rice bran oil one. No difference among treatments (p<0,05) were observed in sperm quality parameters volume, motility, concentration and defects. Supplementation of stallions with rice bran oil containing 1.1% of gamma-oryzanol do not promote any change in sperm quality, testosterone, HDL-C, VLDL-C or triglycerides plasmatic levels, but an increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C.

A duplex RT-PCR assay is reported for the simultaneous detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), the causative agents of major diseases in poultry. The duplex RT-PCR assay optimized showed a detection limit of 10-3 (101 EID50/50m L for IBV and 100.5 EID50/50m L for aMPV, respectively when two viruses were mixed and 10-1 for each one separated (103 EID50/50m L for IBV and 102.5 EID50/50m L for aMPV, respectively. It was specific, sensitive and applicable for the rapid detection of these viruses in clinical samples. 

Dados histomorfométricos foram obtidos de cornos uterinos de gatas nulíparas (n=6), primíparas (n= 6), multíparas (n=6) e de gatas tratadas com contraceptivo (n=6).O material coletado após a cirurgia foi fixado em paraformaldeído e incluído em resina Paraplast® para se proceder a microtomia. Os cortes adquiridos foram submetidos à coloração rotineira com hematoxilina e eosina e examinados ao microscópio de luz para a realização das seguintes mensurações:espessura total (μm) da parede uterina, endométrio total, diâmetro das glândulas endometriais e altura dos respectivos epitélios glandulares, espessura total do miométrio, do miométrio interno,miométrio externo e estrato vascular.Concluiu-se que: uso de anticoncepcionais e inúmeras gestações alteraram a estrutura uterina; uma única gestação parece não afetar significativamente as estruturas da parede uterina como ocorre nas gatas multíparas; não houve variação significativa das estruturas entre as gatas nulíparas e primíparas, com exceção para miométrio interno; o miométrio total e o endométrio apresentaram variações semelhantes, com exceção para o grupo das gatas tratadas; o miométrio externo apresentou alterações mais marcantes nas gatas tratadas; as variações morfológicas menos marcantes foram relativas ao diâmetro e epitélio glandulares; a presença de glândulas endometriais dilatadas foi encontrada somente nas gatas tratadas.

Para avaliar o efeito do processamento do milho em dietas para equinos, sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra solúvel em detergente ácido, fibra solúvel em detergente neutro e amido, e a resposta plasmática glicêmica, foram utilizadas quatro éguas adultas, sem raça definida, com peso de 450 ± 51,15 kg e idade de 36 ± 5 meses, em delineamento quadrado latino (4 x 4), durante 44 dias. Os animais foram alimentados com quatro dietas isocalóricas, cuja única diferença consistiu no tipo de processamento do milho: trituração, laminação, floculação e extrusão. Diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) foram encontradas na digestibilidade aparente da matéria orgânica e fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido, sendo que a dieta que continha milho floculado apresentou melhor digestibilidade destes nutrientes que as dietas contendo milho laminado e milho triturado. O tratamento contendo milho extrusado apresentou resposta glicêmica e área abaixo da curva superiores as dos outros tratamentos, enquanto que a inclusão de milho triturado resultou em resposta glicêmica e área abaixo da curva inferiores as dos outros tratamentos. A extrusão e a floculação do milho constituem importante ferramenta na alimentação de equinos com alta exigência energética, por propiciarem um balanço energético maior, cujo uso deve ser criterioso para evitar os problemas associados a taxas de glicemia pós-prandial elevadas.

 This study aimed to describe an outbreak of bovine mastitis caused by yeast in a dairy herd located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Microbiological analysis of milk samples (106) of the infected mammary quarters of lactating cows showed that Corynebacterium bovis (43.48%) and yeasts from the genus Candida (29.35%) were the main agents isolated in the herd. C. albicans(33.34%), C. catenulate (22.23%) and C. glabrata (18.52%) were the species most commonly isolated. The high prevalence of yeast mastitis was associated with lack of training formilkers, repetitive intramammary treatment and poor teat hygiene prior to the intramammary infusion. Appropriate management measures, specific treatment with antifungal drugs and  removal of chronically infected animals were effective for the control of mastitis outbreak. 

Foram utilizadas 43 peças de cães sem raça definida, sendo 30 delas dissecadas e as 13 restantes submetidas a processo de corrosão. As artérias da base do encéfalo estudadas estão na dependência de duas grandes fontes principais representadas, uma delas pela artéria basilar (sistema vértebro-basilar) e, a outra, pelas artérias carótidas internasesquerda e direita (sistema carótico); considerou-se, ainda, a  possibilidade de ocorrência de fonte auxiliar, representada pelas anastomoses existentes entre a artéria maxilar e a artéria carótida interna. A particular disposição dos ramos das artérias carótidas internas e dos ramos terminais da artéria basilar determina formação de um circuito arterial do encéfalo que, a partir da divisão da artéria carótida interna, de ambos os lados, em seus ramos terminais, rostral e caudal, apresenta-se rostralmente de modo invariável, em pequeno arco ou ferradura de concavidade caudal; caudalmente de forma variada, constitui figura piriforme (56,6%) ou poligonal (43,3%) constituída, rostralmente, pelasartérias cerebrais rostrais esquerda e direita, lateralmente, pelos ramos rostral e caudal das artérias carótidas internas esquerda e direita e, caudolateralmente, pelos ramos terminais (à esquerda e à direita) da artéria basilar. O padrão vascular das artérias da base do encéfalo dos cães estudados situa-se entre os tipos 2a e 23, referidos por De Vriese(1905) e entre os estágios médio e final de seu desenvolvimento  filogenético, considerado p o rT e stu t13(1911).

For this research, 30 pieces of crossbed dogs were dissected, in order to improve our knowledge on the behaviour of the arteries in the basis of the encephalon. The preparations showed that the peculiar disposal of the terminal branches of the internal carotid, and the terminal branches of the basilar artery determine, starting from the splitting of the internal carotid artery - in both sides - into rostral and caudal terminal branches, this formation invariably displays the shape of a small arc, or that of ahorseshoe with caudal concavity. Caudally, it forms, in variable ways, pyriform (56,6%) or poligonal (43,3%) pictures, a) rostrally represented by left and right rostral cerebral arteries; b) laterally, by the rostral and caudal branches of left and right internal carotid arteries; c) caudolaterally, by left and right terminal branches of the basilar artery.

This paper describes some properties of a reovirus isolated from the pancreas and intestines of guinea fowls suffering from a transmissible enteritis. Coronavirus was also recovered from kidneys of the same birds. The guinea fowl reovirus is pathogenic for guinea fowl, duck and chicken embryos, but it does not reproduce by itself the field findings when inoculated in day-old guinea poults, nor was it found to be pathogenic for chicks and ducklings on experimental infection..

The effects of the ethanolic extract from the Brazilian toxic plant Pseudocalymma elegans (Veil.) Kuhlm. upon the behavior of mice were studied. Mice that received 1.6 to 3 g/kg of body weight extract presented seizure-like signs dying with a mean latency of 8 min. The LD50 in this situation was estimated in 1.8 g/kg. Mice that received extract 1 g/kg i.p. were observed in an open field 30 min later, presented a decrease in the number of rearings and an increase in the freezing time, without significant differences in the number of crossings, grooming time or number of fecal boluses compared to the control group. Mice submitted to the same treatment and tested on the elevated plus-maze presented a reduction in the percentage of entries and in the time spent in the open arms of the maze. These animals reduced the locomotor activity measured automatically and presented no difference in the muscular tonus, measured by the time of permanence hanging from a wire. These data suggest that the plant extract has compounds with stimulant effects upon the central nervous system: In a lower dose (1 g/kg) we observed behavioral effects that suggest an anxiogenic action of the extract without affecting the muscular tonus, and higher doses resulted in convulsions and death.

Foram examinados os estômagos de 37 Equus caballus, 18 Equus asinus e 22 muares, procedentes do Estado do Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais e Goiás, para a pesquisa de espirurídeos e foram encontrados: Draschia megastoma (Rudolphi, 1819), Habronema muscae (Carter, 1861) e Habronema microstoma (Schneider, 1866). Foram consideradas as prevalências, as intensidades médias e as relações Macho/Fêmea para estes parasitos, nos três hospedeiros. A análise de variância mostrou não ocorrerem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as intensidades médias de H. muscae e H. microstoma, inclusive na comparação entre os hospedeiros.

This work evaluated the healing of experimentally provoked wounds in the tits of 16 nonlactant cows, by using a biological membrane that temporarily substitutes the skin, and by comparing it with the treatment with ointment. In each cow, the membrane was placed over the wound in the front tit of the right side, and the treatment with ointment was done in the hind tit of the right side, too. Clinical observations and histological analyses were performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after the inflicting of the wound. From the observations it was possible to verify that tits treated with the biological membrane healed one week before those in the ointment-treated group. Furthermore the utilization of the biological membrane enables less frequent dressings.

In case of severe diarrhea, the clinical picture is worsenned by endotoxic shock. In order to evaluate the role of concomitant enteric bacterial infection or bacteremia, 34 dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis due to parvovirus infection were studied. Blood and fecal specimens were cultured, in an attempt to isolate enteropathogens, as well as Campylobacter jejuni. Electron microscopy was done for virus detection. Presence of parvovirus-like particles in the stools confirmed the diagnosis of parvovirus infection, but entheropathogens isolation attempts were unsuccessful. Neither Salmonella sp, nor enteropathogenic E. coli were isolated, while C. jejuni was cultured from five samples of feces from diarrheic dogs. Concerning hemoculture, Pseudomonas sp, E. coli, Alcaligenes odorans and a nonidentified labile non fermenter Gram-negative rod were isolated from severe cases of parvovirosis. Results allowed the conclusion that concurrent bacterial infection did not play an important role on the evolution of the process, but there was aninvasion of normal intestinal bacteria into the blood stream, leading to the installation of endotoxic shock in cases of fatal parvovirus infection.

Foram utilizados doze ovinos mestiços, machos inteiros, com idade média de 17 meses, em ensaio de digestibilidade aparente, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos para avaliar-se o feno de Cunhã (Clitoria ternatea L.) cortados com A) 60 dias B) 90 dias de idade vegetativa. Os resultados deste ensaio permitiram concluir que os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra bruta, extrato etéreo e o teor de N.D.T. (nutrientes digestíveis totais) foram mais elevados para o feno cortado aos 90 dias, porém a digestibilidade dos extrativos não nitrogenados foi melhor para o feno de 60 dias, enquanto que a digestibilidade da proteína foi semelhante para os dois fenos. Concluiu-se que a Cunhã cortada aos 90 dias de crescimento continua a fornecer feno de boa qualidade.

Twelve male sheep were used, in a completely randomized design, to evaluate apparent digestibility and rumen ciliate protozoa population under different diets: A) corn silage supplemented with 0.050 kg of soybean meal/kg original roughage; B) 50% corn silage + 50% sugar cane supplemented with 0.075 kg soybean meal/kg original roughage; C)sugar cane supplemented with 0.100 kg soybean meal/kg original roughage. Dry matter intake and digestibility of Crude fiber were linearly affected (P < 0.01) by increasing the level of sugar cane in the diets, and they had direct influence in feed consumption and T.D.N. Total, rumen protozoal population was represented by a quadratic regression(P < 0.01), and the average values for total ciliates ml-1 in the rumen contents were 235.01, 196.49 and 514.07 (x103) for treatments A, B and C, respectively. Entodinium genus was always predominant, with 76.8, 62.2 and 89.4% respectively in treatments A, B and C.