RCAAP Repository

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The accelerated degradation of natural hydric resources, along with the increasing demand for drinking water, urge for programs which deal with the losses of this essential good, and that are essential for environmental managers. This work is inserted in this context, with the objective of evaluating the magnitude of the measurement error of the hydrometers installed in Uberlândia-MG, when subjected to consumption variations. There have been comparisons of the equipment commonly used with systems that are more sensible to the measurement of low flows, in order to verify the reliability of the micro-measurement accomplished and serve as subsidy for the calculation of the indicators of losses. The evaluation showed that the equipment with larger sensibility totaled, on average, a volume 13.56% higher than the more commonly used hydrometer.

The traffic of vehicles used into the highway transportation of cargoes with overweight at this country, that's a recurrent problem of extreme gravity, in as much as this excess , acts reducing the service period that highways. The crescent competitive sector of the products distribution completed the organizations to improve their procedures , creating the method of loads transfer, but the utilization of this method is demaged due to the overweight into the tract unit rear axle, even when the semi-plaster is loaded with values of weight far below of the permitted on law. We can stress this shipment made with values beyond from the foreseen on law bring many problems on the operation of cargoes transportation, as the overweight fine and the requirement of the loads excess to be transhipped to another vehicle, generates delays and increasing the costs of the whole process, acting on the company competitiveness, injuring the pavement. Then, the objective of this work is offer a solution that could be technique and, at the same time, a low cost investment, to the sector companies, mainly, for the ones that uses sets of two axles unit tract and semi - plaster of triple tandem axle. Providing the results of a cargo into the rear axle tract unit and of the triple tandem axle, through the calculations of static balance considering the stowage factor and the weight force application point from of each lot of loads in relation to the tract unit rear axle. In this way, it offered a necessary ambiance for the case study, the company increases the average weight loaded for semi-plaster in 22,95%, without overweight.

The air quality is a factor of extreme relevance for a healthful urban environment, since it is common the existence of great concentrations of stationary and mobile sources of atmospheric pollutants in the medium and great cities. The objective this work is to argue the main factors that determine the air quality in the city of Uberlândia - MG, showing models for the prediction of the levels of concentration of Total Suspensed Particles (TSP) and Particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10), generated from the method of the multiple linear regression. The variable selected for the elaboration of the models were: concentrations of pollutants, flow of vehicles, relative humidity of air, temperature of air and intensity of the winds, being overcome as base the referring daily data to the year of 2004. Models for each climatic station (summer, autumn, winter and spring) and for each period of the haste regimen of the region were elaborated (rainy and dry period).

This work aims to characterize the natural and anthropic factors which have been responsible for the erosion acceleration of the urban area of the basin of Campo Alegre stream. The study area has approximately 5,52km2 and is located in the southeast portion of the city of Uberlândia, MG, between the geographical coordinates 18o 57' 21" and 18o 58' 35" south latitude and 48o 13' 24" e 48o 15' 6" west longitude. The results of this characterization will serve as a source of data for a better management of the occupation of the study area and to reduce the impacts that have been occurred. The characterization of this basin made the physiographic elements identification possible such as: geology, geomorphology, declivity and altimetry. For the attainment of results of the soil physical assays, analyses of grain-size, methylene blue, erosion rates, compaction, consistency index had been carried through. The evolution of the anthropic occupation is presented by statistical data and air photographs from 1969 until 2004. Considering the existence of two pluvial water galleries deriving from residential areas of the Campo Alegre stream headboard, arose the pluviometric totals in the city and the average variation of the stream outflow to understand the drags of soil materials caused by the pluvial water concentration, making the photographic register of the evolution of the erosion presents at the study area. The results had demonstrated that the basin of Campo Alegre stream is presented sufficiently sensitive to the erosion having as conditioning factors the lack of vegetation, the arenaceous texture soil, predominance of low declivities in the portions of the top. Associated to these factors are the pluvial water trail management and the urbanization acceleration without projects that respect the environmental conservation.

This research aimed to verify the quality of the Uberabinha River water (in Uberlândia - MG) through physic-chemical and microbiological analysis from samples taken during the rainy and the dry seasons. We established six points of sampling in areas with different characteristics: prior to the urban area, within the urban area and further on the urban area, which represents the rural area of Uberlândia. The samples were taken from October 2005 through October 2006. In each point there were five samples referring to: conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), detergents, oil and grease, dissolved oxygen (DO) hydrogen potential (pH), insoluble solid particles, water temperature, local temperature, fecal and total coliforms. The river throughput was determined in two spots along its way. The results have shown that the pollution rate is highly above the ones established by the legislation of CONAMA (National Council of Environment), showing that there is a great influence of the city of Uberlândia in the quality of the water from the Uberabinha River. The highest concentration of BOD and COD found was 37.0 mg/L O2 and 58.3 mg/L O2, respectively, all registered in November/2005. The lowest values of DO varied from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L, all registered during the same period (November/2005). The proportion COD/BOD, for all the characteristics evaluated, was around 1.5, which means a polluting biodegradable mass. The main problems observed along the area studied are: deforesting, disorganized use and occupation of land (soil), soil pollution caused by solid residual dumping, that are taken into the river, and pollution generated by illegal sewage deposit, without previous adequate treatment.

The Guarani Aquifer's study, of its exploitation and use, as its potentialities in the Triângulo Mineiro region, considering the reality that the information about underground waters in the country are scarce and disperse, it constitutes the main focus of this research. The study of case in Cachoeira Dourada, with nine deep tubular wells, and the others six ones, three ones sited in Uberaba, two in Conceição das Alagoas and one in Frutal, totalizing the fifteen tubular well identified in this work, bringing a systematic comprehension of what exist presently, about these exploited waters in the regional delimited context. Between several possible applications, were recognized the use to public supplying, envase, health-resort, hydro-thermotherapy and utilization in the private leisure. The hydro-geochemistry and thermal features, allied at characteristic of these waters, had directed their uses. Nevertheless, the apparent adverse factor of quality, due to high content of salts presented, it became in an attractive tourist, contributing for the exploitation in Cachoeira Dourada, as well as the excellence in the quality it led to the use to human consumption in Uberaba, Conceição das Alagoas and Frutal. The stored water volume estimative in the sandstones of the Guarani Aquifer and the use of geothermic energy simulation demonstrated, beyond of the presentation set's results, incorporated suitable information to major understanding of Guarani Aquifer in the Triângulo Mineiro region.

Recent surveys carried out in several Brazilian cities show that Construction and Demolition Waste RCD represent, in some cases, more than 50% of the mass of the urban solid residues. The municipal administrations have been having difficulties to manage in an effective way the great amounts of RCD and to solve the problem of the irregular deposit that harm the population s quality of life and cause serious social, environmental and sanitary problems. This work made a diagnosis of RCD situation in Araguari, with the objective of supplying subsidies to the Municipal Public Administration for the elaboration of the Integrated Plan of Civil Construction Residues Management, as foreseen in the Resolution no. 307 of the National Environment Council. The bibliographical and documental researches provided the current situation of the theme. The surveys involved interviews with application of questionnaires and informal interviews and the field work involved exploratory visits, direct observations, photographic registrations and the mapping of the deposit areas of RCD. The obtained data were then organized in tables, graphs and maps. The estimate of the RCD volume generated in the city was done based on the registration of the number of deposit made by the transport agents in the local landfill, about 4314 m³/monthly. The visual and qualitative characterization made it possible to evaluate the reuse and recycling potential and served as a subsidy for the proposition of a management model that aims to contribute to solving the RCD problem in the city.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This work aims to diagnose and analyze the solid urban residues from Tupaciguara MG. The specific objectives are: review the laws relating to the issue; make a succinct approach of Tupaciguara; contextualize what is done in the city with the solid urban residues; describing the private solid urban residues; and analysing the city s actions related to the theme in question. The methodology used was: a bibliographic survey; submission to the project to the Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (Ethics and Research Committee) from Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; analysing the collection s structure and final residues disposal in the city; classifying the private solid urban residues in Tupaciguara from field trips and observations; estimating the number of establishments in town; through interviews and photographic records from researches, final solid urban residues disposal in the city and field trips. From the physical private solid urbans residues classification in Tupaciguara we could notice that the biggest private solid residues percentage in the city is from organic substance with something around 34%, plastic 27%, paper 14%, others (such as toilet paper, diapers, shavers, batteries, etc.) 9%, ferrous metals 6%, glass 5%, fabric 4% and styrofoam 1%, remembering that these data were calculated by weight rather than by volume of materials. At the end if there are suggestions for improving the collection s system and final disposal in the city which was developed from data analysis.

The issue accessibility to the disable people has been reason of great debate in some segments of the society, mainly to the economic sector. In the specific case of transportation, either urban or interurban, there are adequacies necessary to make it accessible, mainly to the disable people. The general objective of this work was to analyze the accessibility of the people with physical disability in the urban public transportation regarding the fulfillment of the laws and technical regulations related to the subject. The specific objective was to evaluate the accessibility of the public transportation service offered by the city of Uberlândia, Brazil using the results from a survey with disable users. In addition, physical spaces were observed, beginning with the sidewalks, which are used for the trips by foot, as well as equipments and vehicles used in the deployment of the public transportation service. In the public transportation system of the city of Uberlândia, Brazil it was verified what was already deployed, how was it working and if the service is in according to the existing laws. In the end, some directions were presented for orientation of the administrators and operators in the deployment and adjustment of the service. It is expected that this work provides to the readers a better understanding of the necessities of a public transportation that can be used by any person, despite of his/her physical condition, making possible the creation of a critical visualization by public administrators and operators in the execution of projects for the deployment and adaptation of urban public transportation systems with autonomy and safety to passengers.

This master dissertation aims to evaluate the use of Electronic Devices for Enforcement of Speed MEV on the reduction of traffic accidents in urban area, mainly the ones related to the drivers exceeding the speed limits. It was evaluated some intersections and a monitoring circular area surrounding it with a 500 m radii where the MEV was installed in order to verify if the accidents were not transferred to this area. It was used the default procedure by manuals from the Brazilian Ministry of Transportation which deal with the evaluation of the before and after measure to mitigate traffic accidents. Based on a visual observation of the number of registered traffic accidents it was concluded that one can not say that an accident migration occurred due to the deployment of the MEV. It was also concluded that the occurrence of traffic accidents is a statistical phenomenon due to chance and their variability was due to the random nature of accident occurrence. It is expected that this work gives more precise insights to the local administrator to control the traffic in urban areas.

The fractal compression is an emerging digital image coding technique which explores the self-similarity present in digital images, showing good fidelity between the original image and the reconstructed image, achieving high compression rates. However it has some weaknesses and because it demands a considerable computational complexity commonly is used the assistance of one or more techniques to meet those needs. This research presents a model which combines fractal coding and vector quantization (VQ). In addition, the time spent in choosing geometric transformation (isometry), which is an important step of fractal coding, is minimized by being made in the frequency domain by the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) inner product. The LBG (Linde_Buzo_Gray) algorithm is used to designate a generic codebook that replaces the traditional domain-pool of a fractal coder. The result is a hybrid coder with better performance than the pure fractal coders that preserve the visual quality of the reconstructed image and reaches high compression rates.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The switched reluctance generator emerged as an alternative generator and grew in interest among the scientific community during the last decade. It has a simple construction and comes up as a competitive option when one deals with variable speed applications and also when power electronics is required. Nowadays the most aimed applications are the aircraft applications, hybrid or electric vehicles and wind power. This machine has a doubly salient structure without copper in the rotor. The coils are concentrated in the stator poles. Thus, there is low copper and iron consumption and, because of it, this machine is closer to the modern environmental requirements. The switched reluctance generator driving uses power electronics and needs continuous information about the rotor position to drive properly the switches of the phases. The optimal design for this machine is still been established from the experimental results. Many operational details are under investigation. The machine has two different electrical circuits: one for the excitation and other when the load is fed. It is possible to insulate those two circuits and because of this it is also possible to reduce the electronic switches count. This work is helpful to understand how the SRG works. To get it the goals were to build a mathematical model for this machine and to simulate its operation. And than to know how it dynamically conducts. A prototype was constructed and used to test some driving circuits with it. Also it is presented an extensive comparative study. With this all this work presents a contribution for the development of this kind of machinery.

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais