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This research used the analysis of the stakeholders on the elaboration of the scenarios for Brazilian e-commerce retailer. It was sought to show if the research reveals new or increased stakeholders in the Internet environment. The elaboration of the first-level scenarios for the electronic commerce sector, through the analysis of stakeholders, was conducted by the application of the method proposed by a team of Brazilian researchers, that has identified the problems and challenges of e-commerce retailers for a horizon of five years. The Internet offers elements that interfere with the achievement of the company's objectives: it alters markets, empowers consumers and non-consumers that influence the reputation of companies. Much has been studied about the tooling available on the Internet, however, a gap has been identified for the study of the influence of the Internet, the entities and forces that operate in it and influence the organizations. Companies operating on the Internet run the risk of having their assets affected by the activities of new or empowered stakeholders in their action in cyberspace. The e-commerce retailer is booming in the country and has on the Internet its vital sap. We chose the e-commerce sector because it was heavily immersed in the Internet environment. Stakeholder Theory and Stakeholder Analysis are appropriate for the study of the dynamics of the ongoing changes in the new business models in society. The use of scenarios is a useful technique for emerging industries and is a powerful device for strategic choices. The research has an exploratory nature, uses mixed methods, presenting a qualitative initial stage, with in depth interview to ten specialists, aiming to reveal the variables of the studied system. Each of the interviewees generated, on average, 13.5 variables, which testifies the efficiency of the method adopted. The second and third stage of the research consisted in the application of quantitative questionnaires, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze and organize the data collected. The second step was to classify the variables with respect to importance and certainty, and the third step sought relations of dependence and dominance between them. The study resulted in four future scenarios: Brazil's pro-market, Brazil's public policies, For the worst there are no limits, and How good my Internet was. Between the first and second stage, this work contributed to a structured content analysis stage, which revealed the categories Electronic Payment Systems, Investments in Innovation and Technology, Privacy and Security, Economic Aspects, National Infrastructure Loopholes, Tax System Obstructions , Legal Aspects, Information Security Policy, Relationships, and New Stakeholders. The results of the research indicated that the proposed scenario elaboration method is efficient and effective. Seven categories of new stakeholders in the digital environment have been found: disruptive organizations, Google and Facebook, not consumers who disseminate haters, applications, digital influencers, activist groups, and hackers. In the latter, four categories were found: hacker, criminal hacker, hacker activist and ethical hacker.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Due to the crisis of the traditional judicial model, based on the adjudicated solution, unable to promote social pacification and provide a fair legal order, obstructing access to justice in Brazil, and ultimately citizenship, this study intends to analyze mediation of civil conflicts as an autonomous procedure to the jurisdiction (extra-procedural mediation) and the mediation of civil conflicts inserted as procedural phase (paraprocessal mediation), due to the bias of the social pacification capacity of both procedures. To do so, it analyzes, compares, and differentiates the various alternative means of conflict resolution before and after the Legal Framework of Mediation. The analysis made it possible to verify that paraprocessal and extraprocedural mediations are mechanisms that should coexist in the brazilian justice system, but the solution to the crisis of access to justice depends on a change in the culture of litigation, whether by civil society or between operators of Law. Another relevant finding to the study is that the new Mediation, so that it contributes to the social pacification of the Brazilian State, must face challenges, of several orders. The first type of highlighted challenge is the culture of litigation, residence and change and mentality of the operators of the Law. Second, the educational challenges and those related to the (professional) exercise of mediation were highlighted. The third type of challenges identified were those related to the implementation and effectiveness of mediation. Once considered such challenges, this study emphasized the analysis of the obligation of the mediation audience, and the relationship of mediation with the culture of peace.

Trabalho indicado ao Prêmio TCC - 2° semestre de 2018

This research was intended to analyze how existing information systems in organizations can assist them by supporting the functions of Organizational Memory. In rapidly changing environments, the ability to absorb and use knowledge can give organizations competitive advantage, therefore, becoming a valuable asset that needs to be effectively managed. Challenged by staff turnover, reorganization processes, merge and acquisitions and outsourcing, companies need to create alternatives to retain organizational knowledge and preserve its memory. To this end, a literature review of Organizational Memory (OM) and Information Systems (IS) was carried out to identify which structures and OM functions could be supported by IS. This review underlined that functionalist approach of OM construct is incomplete when disregarding aspects, such as: the memory that exists in personal relationships, collective or supra individual, political mediation that determines what should or should not be remembered and problems arising from the malfunction of the OM. To achieve the research, an interpretive design was selected, using a basic qualitative research method of exploratory nature. In-depth interviews were carried out using semi-structured script, with managers of information technology and members of the business related areas. During the qualitative analysis, performed through content analysis, seven categories were identified, among which: Information Systems functions that support Organizational Memory, Structure of Organizational Memory, Internal collaboration is the basis for Organizational Memory and Organizational Memory Dysfunctions were used. A relational schema was developed from these categories supporting upcoming studies to understand: the relationship between Information Systems and Organizational Memory structures; the relationship between Organizational Memory and Change Management process; how collaboration and internal relationships can influence the Organizational Memory when supported by IS. The research results indicated that the IS supports some of the OM structures and systems, capable of dealing with less structured information and more complex decisions produce a greater contribution to the Organization Memory.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are complex developmental multifactorial disorders with high rate of herdability. In this context, prenatal and perinatal risk factors also have been documented, such as maternal and fetal hypotiroidism, fetal exposition to alcohol, thalidomide; misoprostol and valproic acid, MMR vaccine among others. Epidemiological prospective studies accumulate evidences suggesting that advanced parental age; obstetric complications and intrapartum hypoxia are the main risk factors. Clinical and experimental evidences points out that if the fetus is exposed to antenatal maternal stress the child are more likely to have developmental problems including the autism spectrum disorders phenotype. This study evaluated the frequency of 50 perinatal complications and 36 psychological stressors in 44 pregnancies of the 19 PDD patient´s mothers. All the subjects were assisted at APAE from the Barueri municipality in the State of São Paulo. The main results of the study were: a) lower mean maternal and paternal age among non-PDD pregnancies; b) 19% and mean of 9,4 perinatal complications in PDD gestations versus 14,6% and mean of 7,5 for non-PDD gestations; c) more CNS insults among PDD gestations; d) expressive occurrence of psychological stressors in the life of these women, in PDD gestations or not; e) increased psychological stressors number in PDD gestations. There was no statistically significance in the pointed differences.

O presente estudo abrange as diferentes interpretações do termo Brutalismo no cenário internacional e nacional, o impacto das obras brutalistas na cidade de São Paulo, além da influência e contribuição de João Vilanova Artigas. Ainda que não compreendido, ou até mesmo não apreciado pela maioria da população, o Brutalismo tem grande impacto na arquitetura nacional, marcando diversos momentos históricos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are optical fibers whose core is surrounded by a regular matrix of holes that is responsible for light confinement and guidance. This new architecture opens new perspectives in the development of nonlinear applications, many of which are based upon the high efficiency with which nonlinearity-driven spectral broadening known supercontinuum generation is obtained in solid-core PCFs. Another asset of PCFs is that their structure can be filled with liquids or gases, which then efficiently interact with the guided light. The possibility of obtaining supercontinuum generation in a PCF whose core is filled with highly nonlinear liquids has been recently theoretically studied. The insertion of liquids in PCFs introduces a new degree of freedom with which the efficiency of nonlinear effects can be maximized. This dissertation describes experimental work, in which the generation of a supercontinuum spectrum is demonstrated in a PCF whose hollow core was selectively filled with distilled water. A maximum broadening of 503nm, measured at -20dB, was obtained with femtosecond pulse pumping at λ=976nm. The comparison with spectra obtained with a 800nm pump and with bulk samples demonstrate that both a low dispersion at the pump wavelength and pump guidance are crucial for the broad output spectrum obtained. Numerical simulations and analyses were also undertaken to complement the study.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Nowadays, object oriented languages are among the most used ones. Recent studies with beginners have shown that the object oriented programming language (OOP) concepts are not so easy to learn. Students have difficulties not only in understanding those OOP concepts, but also in applying them to solving problems. Therefore, an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is suggested in order to help in the learning process of these concepts. One of the most important challenge for ITS development is the individual treatment of student, which is mainly obtained by system adaptativity to the characteristics of each student. This adaptativity to student is a complex issue and the focus of several researches. It encloses several areas of personality such as: learning style, intelligence, previous knowledge, student background and emotions. Thus, the student model is extremely important because all individual information of student is in it. It is here where Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been employed. This paper approaches the adaptativity issue of tutoring system to student knowledge through a student model based on Bayesian Network (BN). Taking into consideration that the student knowledge level is an inaccurate information, and even professors deal with this uncertainty, the Bayesian Networks (BNs), also known as Belief Network, have been chosen. They are considered proper for uncertain spheres for employing the probabilistic reasoning, which allows to identify a certain belief degree of student knowledge level. Therefore, the BNs have been employed in ITS in the inferences concerning student behavior as well as in the decision-making process concerning tutor actions.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This study proposes a taxonomy for the notes to the financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). The proposed model complements the taxonomy of the financial statements approved by the XBRL International on April 3rd, 2015. The main objective of the notes is to provide useful information to investors, lenders, regulatory and supervisory bodies in the Brazilian market. The accompanying notes are disclosed by listed companies with the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM) in Portable Document Format (PDF), through Empresas.Líquido system. The difficulty of selection and extraction of data for use in analysis is costly and limits the use of information, and need to export or re-enter the data in a more friendly format. In order to work around this limitation, the XBRL language was created. In Brazil, the implementation of XBRL is being conducted by the Federal Accounting Council (CFC) and entities within it. XBRL is an interactive disclosure format and disclosure reduces the asymmetry of information between internal and external users. In this sense, this paper chose two theories: Prospectus which is based on the arguments of Kahneman and Tversky (1979) and Disclosure discussed by Verrecchia (2001) and Dye (2001). The Prospect Theory defines the format of accounting information affects the user's decision-making. The way the items of the notes will be presented in the disclosures, can influence the decision-making process of an investor, analyst or regulatory agency that evaluates companies are disclosing. On the other hand, the Theory of Disclosure discusses the disclosure of settings that are unconditionally preferred, ie, in the case of this study what types of disclosure of the notes are more efficient. The analysis of items for all of the notes was developed from the items of the IFRS taxonomy compared with items found in the accounting pronouncements (CPCs). They were located from the following processes: disclosure, common practice and example. Items common practice found in the tables and text of the explanatory notes published by Brazilian companies on the Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM) and the sample items were found examples of the Accounting Pronouncements Committee Standards (CPC). The result was the model definition of Brazilian taxonomy of explanatory notes in XBRL for financial reporting of public companies.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This case study aimed to determine the contribution of intangible assets characterized as intellectual capital to business performance in a differentiated network of franchise restaurants. The research was characterized as exploratory and qualitative. Several techniques for data collection were used: direct observation, survey and interviews with the full participation of 24 respondents, with those managers and employees of a differentiated network of franchise restaurants. Respondents highlighted that human assets and market assets are the main contributors to the generation of results. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the network currently uses 20 performance indicators (KPI) keys to managing their restaurants, it is possible to relate these indicators to active defined by Brooking (1996), however the managing partners have some difficulties in the analysis of various reports that these often receive, being required increasingly, consolidated, summarized and direct information to support the management of restaurants. Finally, it was presented a simplified model to gather a list the main key performance indicators in a single report for the managing partners, which is the main contribution of this work. Future studies can be further developed from this research, searching for the adaptation of the performance measurement system in other networks restaurant franchises, and the investments made in each of the asset groups defined by Brooking (1996): Human Assets, Infrastructure Assets, Market Assets and Intellectual Property Assets.