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Esta tesis tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar la relación entre los profesores de matemáticas y la literatura y si dichos profesionales reconocen en el arte literario algún valor formativo, sea personalmente o profesionalmente. De manera más especifica, la intención es conocer y comprender las causas del posicionamiento de estos profesionales frente a la literatura y certificarse si es, realmente, y de qué manera, indispensable al que enseña y, particularmente a los docentes de matemáticas. Para buscar tales referencias se entrevistaron seis profesores de matemáticas, algunos aun estudiantes de licenciatura con experiencias variadas en el magisterio de la Educación Básica. Los participantes se eligieron considerando el contexto del que hacíam parte, o sea, profesores de matemáticas que participaban del Foro de Licenciaturas. Además, se realizaron pesquisas bibliográficas para cimentar dicho estudio, principalmente sobre literatura, proceso de creación y referentes a la temática de las sabidurías docentes. Los resultados revelan buenas sorpresas, como la aproximación de los profesores de matemáticas hacia la literatura, pero también confirman una situación molesta con relación a la forma como la literatura brasileña sigue siendo comprendida en el escenario educativo ocupado por los estudiantes de la Educación Básica que actualmente ocupan puestos en Universidades y cómo las obras literarias son entendidas, valoradas y utilizadas por profesores de matemáticas.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present dissertation approaches the relations between economic power and electoral financing, from the logic of donations of resources to electoral campaigns arried out by legal entities. Thus, based on the decision handed down by the Federal Supreme Court in ADI judgment 4650, the question of the (in) constitutionality of the donations made by companies, as well as the dysfunctions generated by the decision, is evaluated. Topics such as corruption and its possible relationship with electoral financing, inequalities in policy funding from the perspective of the donor as well as the candidates, as well as the relationship between economic power and campaign financing, are evaluated. The studies are based on the collection of a series of data on collections and campaign expenditures in the last elections held in Brazil. Based on these data and on a bibliographical review, it is intended to answer if the donations of companies are or are not unconstitutional and, even if they lack or not better discipline, from the point of view of the regulation of economic power

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Considering that there are not any Brazilian instruments to evaluate sensory processing abilities and their effect on the functionality of children and teenagers, this study aimed at translating the Sensory Profile instrument (Dunn, 1999) to Brazilian Portuguese as well as carrying out its cultural adaptation to Brazilian reality. When researching on the existence and the application of sensory evaluation instruments in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders I found the Sensory Profile, which was created to evaluate and measure how much sensory processing actually makes it easier or more difficult for these individuals to function in daily living tasks. This instrument, in all of its versions, is suited to tracking programs and evaluation and research protocols. I had Sensory Profile translated and adapted to Brazilian culture within the scope of a non–experimental non–longitudinal descriptive research, and the following steps were accomplished: translation, back–translation, revision by a specialist committee on analysis, evaluation of the scoring and the verification of the instrument's internal consistency. I worked with a sample of 50 parents of children aged 5 to 10, each child regularly enrolled on a private elementary school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The results obtained from the application of the translated and adapted questionnaire (already with changes in 40 questions relative to the original version), taking into consideration the fact that the instrument was applied to caregivers of the children with typical development, allowed me to conclude that the translated and adapted 125–question instrument is understandable and internally consistent. All of that points to the possibility of usage of the Sensory Profile in Brazil after future studies, which may search for evidence toward the validation of the instrument through new applications of the translated and adapted version produced during this study.

What here is studied is the way policies are being operationalized to promote racial equality in Brazil, considering their relationship with the concepts of democracy and citizenship, recently experienced in face of the valorization of contemporary social movements context, through which are conquered a large scale of claiming, embracing many sectors of the individual and common life. It is interesting to understand how the Brazilian State, inserted in the capitalist coherence, has treated the promotion of racial equality, analyzing with focus on the Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Social - SEPPIR (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality), of the Federal Government, as well as the policies used for this purpose. The shift in the theoretical basis concearning the racial matter, which led to Brazil s recognition and fight against racism, through Law Institutions that are dynamic and can act as an efficient mechanism of social transformation, must be highlighted. In this matter, it is important to stand out that the brazilians (both government and civil society), started to debate more oftenly about the national racial issue, showing that there must be a larger action from society in this process, that aims the eradication of racial and social differences. It is also interesting to highlight the importance of the African-American movement in the transformation of the so far existing social structures and institutions. Through out this paper it is intended, besides producing a theoretical study on the ethno-racial matter and it s importance regarding State s policies, to bring some elements that may contribute to the discussion about Brazilian racism, pointing out the exclusion of the african-american. We also intend to announce and explore new ways to demand compliance with state statutory rights provided for making use of innovative legal instruments.

This essay analyses the real estate markets for commercial buildings in São Paulo City, between 1940 and 2006, from a critical standpoint. With the purpose of identifying the main vectors of growth for such developments in the city, from downtown São Paulo towards outskirts regions, with special focus on the southwest region of the city, the work detaches and accompanies the most evident and significant changes in trends and characteristics for such buildings, decade after decade, as well as the main launching vectors on each period analyzed. For better understanding of trends, an historical analysis of local commercial zoning has been conducted for each decade.

This paper deals with the analysis of the satirical weekly O Polichinelo, published in the city of São Paulo, in 1876. From the study of the publication itself, its editorial staff, the style and the theme of its cartoons, as well as the context of the historical moment, this text seeks the relations between the weekly and that time of great political turmoil in Brazil, and, in particular, the province of São Paulo. In those days in the Second Empire, Abolition and Republican causes gained strength and became manifest through the press. The cartoon illustrated periodicals used the critical mood to spread opinions about these topics. O Polichinello, as an exponent from this press, would not be different. But what was the stance of the journal? What causes it defended? The articles and, in particular, the cartoons contained in its pages, give clues for understanding the intentions and influences behind the weekly and how it manifested in its language.

First of all, this research is focused on an approximate and panoramic way of religious symbols of the ancient religions, providing explanation to understanding these religions at the first periods of humanity. Following, this research focused on the symbolical universe of Jewish and Christian systems. This search is talking about basic symbolism on both Judaism and Christians traditions, as well as investigating their symbolical evolution by anthropological and philosophical references. At last, this research showed the presence of Judaism in Christian culture, giving it its notorious autonomy, but with clearly Jewish foundations.

Our research proposes to reflect the protestant movement, its ethics, influences and its roots through a historical approach, in view of the birth of Protestantism around the world, and, aftermost, in Brazilian lands. Through the light of the Reformist provement our research tries to show how the Protestantism influenced on the construction of the Brazilian pedagogy, on showing such contribution, we would like to highlight the pedagogical work developed at the Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. We would like to show our efforts to follow the accelerated process of nowadays development and our endeavors in order to offer a diverse work that offers significant learning through a program that may be adjusted to the reality of our time and the individual needs of each student. In the beginning of 80 s, with the political opening, we could see a great mobilization of our educators on the seeking of a critical education that could bring social, political and economical transformation in order to overcome social inequalities and promote the citizenship, which is been consolidated by the progressist pedagogy. The hope of the poet that affirms that the life is worth even though the bread is expensive and the liberty is small continues generating boldness to overcome the needs of our society. This work is borne motivated by such blows of winds. The objective of these studies to bring us to reflect about the consequences of the learning difficulties in the relational process between teachers and students, and as well as to propose critical measures. Such proposes here cited try to show that we have to reflect to take a reflexive practice as teachers, scientifically based and also offer an atmosphere that may contribute to healthy and an emotional venue. On doing so the teacher will bring to the student the possibility of listing, answering and accept his difficulties without any guilt, understanding, knowing how to overcome then.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

In this work we analyzed the book called “1822” written by Laurentino Gomes by speech analysis. It is a reporter book,a journalistic genre which mix literature, history and journalism, whose subject author retells the Independence history, in order, all the time, to legitimize his speech. As we will deepening in the speech made by subject-author, we note the marked heterogeneity as a way to legitimize his speech, which depends of others speech to legitimize his speech but even so can keep and to efect of identity by constitutive heterogeneity. This work has specific goals: 1) To check how the legitimity building in a speech which the other presence is expelicity. 2) To analyse the identity and the otherness in a speech which is constitutive heterogeneous and 3) tTo identify the character and positioning subetive in a heterogeneous speech, called marked. We have as a theoretical support, Brandão (1996), Maingueneau (1993) and Authier – Revuz (1993) to undersand the speech.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

A Cédula de Produto Rural (CPR), prevista na Lei nº 8.929/94, foi introduzida para auxiliar os investidores privados na participação e no desenvolvimento do agronegócio, possibilitando a incorporação de investimentos privados no setor agrário. Diante desse cenário, é possível compreender como os requisitos do instrumento foram desenvolvidos, a fim de criar maior autonomia para os envolvidos, bem como aproximar os produtores rurais do mercado financeiro. Além disso, sua importância se originou devido ao fato de abranger diversas possibilidades com a presença de garantia, já que pode auxiliar no financiamento da produção, na aquisição de commodities e, inclusive, como ativo financeiro.

O presente trabalho explana questões referentes a primeira infância e como sua valorização pode acarretar em mudanças na sociedade como um todo. Para tanto, é realizado um estudo que investiga como se dá o desenvolvimento nessa fase da vida, de que maneira ele pode influenciar o futuro da criança, e como a concepção do espaço onde ela está inserida e a promoção de atividades voltadas ao seu crescimento podem influenciar em sua vida. Ao final, propõe uma intervenção no distrito do Jardim Ângela, um dos mais vulneráveis da cidade de São Paulo no que tange a primeira infância. Essa proposta projetual busca exemplificar um equipamento pensado para esse público.

The issuance of IFRS 15 is significant a change in the process of convergence of accounting practices adopted by FASB and IASB. The implementation of an almost uniform standard that controls the revenue recognition will bring important changes in the environment of internal controls and processes of the companies. Though the adoption of IFRS 15 is effective from January 1, 2018, it’s necessary to prepare an advance mapping in order to measure the scale of the changes and implement them in the context of each organization considering the sector of activity and types of contracts. This research specifically addresses the impacts identified in the construction contracts. This research has qualitative and exploratory characteristics because there are no studies that already identified the impacts by applying the new standard. The final result of this research has been obtained through interviews with auditors and accountants specialized in construction contracts, especially considering the importance of knowing the impact perceived by those who prepare the financial statements and by whom audits itself. Important changes have been identified, particularly in the revenue recognition process, as the new standard requires greater analysis on contractual clauses and essence of contracts under the accounting perspective. Among the findings are: change in the number of performance obligations, estimates of variable consideration for revenue recognition and identification of financial component on the contracts. Accountants and auditors of companies with construction contracts are the main users of the impacts identified in this research.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Moving a market of around one trillion dollars in 2015 and expected to triple this figure by 2020, the Nanotechnology is currently a main focus of research, development and innovation in all industrialized countries of the world. Although the profitability and the profitability of the Nanotechnology market is certain and unquestionable, and the promise to create products capable of solving problems of Homeric proportions is highly seductive, many uncertainties and concerns have disputed the diary of the scientific community worldwide debate. Issues such as safety and health of workers and consumers, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, accumulation of nanoparticles in the environment, among others, are interested to different actors, researchers, government, industry and society, since these issues directly affect all humanity. In this paper, we will focus on discussing the complex relationship between technological development x economic development, in order to investigate whether nanotechnology can be considered as a lever for the Brazilian industry and able to foster economic development in the country. This work is inserted in the Brazilian legal academia that sees the economic law as “still essential" and supports the idea that overcoming peripheral condition requires that the democratic state becomes strong, both politically and economical for it to be able to do front to private economic power holders.