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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This dissertation aims to analyze the institution of collective urban adverse possession as an instrument of urban policy to promote land tenure regularization and urbanization of favelas in São Paulo. In Brazil, currently, the law provides some mechanisms for the realization of the right to social housing, through the acquisition of land for the purpose of social inclusion of people living in poor or substandard dwellings and therefore scope for developing citizenship. The right to housing is a social and human right, as recognized by Art. 6, caput, of the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Habitat Agenda, organized by the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements - Habitat II, held in Instambul in 1996. And yet, the need to overcome the problem of land in slums and squatter settlements located in major urban centers, makes relevant the present work, in order to identify the causes that led to the agrarian conflict in the country, the problems arising from these areas and that reflect on the lives of urban dwellers as well as an analysis of one of the legal instruments to deal with this problem.

This work aims at the historical and cultural survey of tambourines in its path to Brazil in a period from the Middle Age in the Iberian Peninsula to the first two hundred years of the Brazilian colonial period.

Stigma associated with others psychiatric disorders is an obstacle to mental health care. It contributes to limiting access to services, employment, habitation and other social rights. From that perspective, this research aimed to know the production of studies in the field of mental health stigma in Brazil and identify the predictors of stigma and discrimination experiences lived by people with psychiatric disorders, such as sociodemographic (education, gender, age, employment status) and clinical factors (type of diagnosis and presence of suicidal ideation). Regarding the methodological aspects, this dissertation was divided into two studies: 1) a literature review about stigma related to psychiatric disorders on Brazilian population; and 2) an empirical study of quantitative cross-sectional design. In the literature review, were selected 20 articles extracted from the PubMed and Scielo databases using the descriptors “stigma”, “mental health” and “Brazil”. Inclusion criteria were studies with empirical data on stigma related to mental health; Brazilian samples/participants; and published in Portuguese, English or Spanish. In the cross-sectional empirical study, the sample consisted of 100 people aged between 18 and 60 years and of both genders. Participants were diagnosed with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and were users of the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of the State Public Servant Hospital. It was used the Abbreviated Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISCUS), as well as items from other brief questionnaires with multiple questions covering: a) clinical aspects (type of diagnosis; presence/absence of suicidal ideation); b) sociodemographic profile, gender, age, education level and employment status); c) personal characteristics such as self-esteem and emotional well-being. Statistical analysis followed: 1) verification of the normality of quantitative variables according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; 2) use of the correlation test between two interval variables with normal distribution using Pearson's parametric test and Spearman's nonparametric test for variables without normal distribution; 3) use of the T test for independent variables with two categories; and 4) in independent variables with three or more categories, the nonparametric ANOVA analysis of variance. In the review study it was found that, in general, research work of stigma in mental health conducted in Brazil sought to: 1) investigate models of intervention against stigma, among which stand out the educational and contact model; 2) understand the beliefs and attitudes of the general public, students and health professionals towards people with mental health problems; and 3) understand the experiences of stigma in the life of individuals with psychiatric disorders. In the empirical study, the descriptive results revealed a higher frequency of stigma/discrimination experiences in the workplace, friendships and interpersonal relationships. From the multivariate linear regression model, it was observed that the variables education, diagnosis of anxiety, bipolarity and depression (related to schizophrenia) and suicidal ideation had independent effects on the stigma/discrimination experiences. This model was statistically significant (p<0.001) and the variables that make up the final model explained the largest proportion of stigma variance (R² = 20.27%). As general conclusions, it was observed that the two studies conducted in this dissertation (literature review and empirical/cross-sectional) revealed that education has a relevant role in the perception of stigmatizing situations and that negative stereotypes, type of diagnosis and Suicidal ideation can negatively interfere with the lives of people with mental health problems. Further studies are suggested to identify other variables that affect the lives of people with psychiatric disorders, such as socioeconomic and ethnic issues, in order to develop and implement intervention policies to reduce stigma related to psychiatric disorders.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the process of knowledge transfer in consultancy projects, to identify the model, type and stages involved in a business service process provided by a p-KIBS company and to detect possible barriers to the knowledge transfer process related to knowledge, contect, source and recipient. The type of business chosen for this study was the p-KIBS company (Professional Knowledge Intensive Business Services), because litttle is known about this business in Brazil. As compared to other businesses, the p-KIBS have a differentiation of high customer interaction. The interviews were carried out using prepared survey questionnaires, especially designed for the business and for the customer in question. The technique used for the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data was the one proposed by Nigel King´s (2004). The company chosen for this study was Sales Talent a consultant firm specialized in providing knowledge intensive business service in sales area (P-KIBS). The analysis unit studied is the project itself, where the service is provided to a customer identified in this study as the &#8213;ABC Company&#8214; a multinational company of the Information Technology sector. Two projects were studied, starting with the hiring of the p-KIBS and closing with the feedback. The conclusions drawn were the following: i) due to the close participation of both companies, working with bi-directional information flow, the model of information transfererence was collaborative; ii) the types of knowledge transfer present in the study are the serial type - with reference to the design of the model - and of the specialized type - with reference to the content; iii) all the stages in the knowledge transfer described in the literature were identified in the project - in less degree in integration and retention stage, that was restricted to one area; iv) it was noted that the process of knowledge tranfer is wider than that of the services provided because it includes activities carried out prior to the project - such as motivation and start up and other after the project is finished such as feedback; v) the barriers regarding knowledge (casual ambiguity) and the recipient (incapacity to retain knowledge) had great impact on the project, but were minimized by the strong interpersonal relationship. In addition, a wider interpretation model is put forward. This model integrates the stages of knowledge transfer in the process of providing business services, with a view to improving the approach and interaction between the consultant company and the customer.

The subject of this dissertation is the spread formation based on the “Total Cost” principle, which in the context of financial markets is called RORAC – Return on Risk-Adjusted Capital. The dissertation evaluates the impact of the mark-up process, focusing on cost of default that raises loans’ and bank financing’s yields. The main idea begins with the hypothesis that the oligopolized behavior of leading banks smooths the new pricing methodology via RORAC in bulk segment (large enterprises). The work’s methodology is by deduction. It starts by observing factors that reflect leading oligopoly banks` power and explains how this power reflects itself on RORAC. It then goes through a statistical analysis between spread vs. IBC-Br and discusses credit restrictions due to the default risk and liquidity preference. It exposes banking market factors that impact the interest rate and, in this context, makes a statistical analysis between credit volume and interest rates/yields and spreads. It discusses RORAC, EVA (Economic Value Added) and Basel Indexes in the context of market concentration and, finally, evaluates entry barriers that protects the mark-up practice that permits summing up default costs (foreseen or not) on top of interest rates, which at the end cannot be higher than the company`s expected return. Unforeseen default is the additional cost of RORAC`s new methodology.

The present search studies the transformation and development of Brazilian petroleum sector, from the law point of view and also about politics and economics sector. Historically, the Brazilian petroleum monopoly question was legalized from Law 2.004/53 that excepted only aspects of distribution. This monopoly was changed in constitutional rule with the Constitution of 1967 and transformations done by Constitutional Amendment n. 01/69 that expected the petroleum search and cultivation in national territory constitute Federal monopoly, in terms of law, designated by article 169 of referred Federal Constitution. The Federal Constitution of 1988 refers, in the article 177, afterward changed by Constitutional Amendment 9/95, remain the petroleum monopoly of the State that is the owner of the patrimony above mineral resources, instituted in article 29, IX. Nevertheless, with the modification in the text of the first paragraph of article 177, instituted by Constitutional Amendment 9/95, occurs an innovation in to allow to the State in system of search and cultivation, the option of to adopt a new system of agreement private enterprises or State control enterprises in order to execute this job or to maintain the regular system, according to law. It s necessary to mention yet, Law 9.478/97, (Petroleum Law) and the new period of petroleum industry with juridical modifications already mentioned, Petrobras role by loosing exclusiveness in monopoly execution and the creation of Petroleum National Agency, to regulate State monopoly. Therefore, the present search intends in an objective way, to show the occurrence of petroleum monopoly pliable, maintaining State patrimony above subsoil mineral resources, characterizing thus legal State petroleum monopoly like a State intervention in economics property.

Analyzing the current context of school inclusion, we can observe the increase of students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in public and private education in Brazil. Faced with so many advances in the diagnostic identification of these students, teachers need, however, objective definers of their functionality. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (CIF), the Protocol for the Evaluation of Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities (PAEDI) was developed. This work aims to adapt the PAEDI and develop the Instrument for Assessment of Functionality of students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (IAF-TEA), in addition to analyzing evidence of content validation of the instrument. The IAF-TEA, with 57 items, was submitted to 4 judges who evaluated its content, in the criteria of objectivity, clarity and precision. The Content Validity Coefficient was determined and the intra-pair agreement was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the items presented content validity coefficients adequated to the cut-off score (CVC≥0.8) regarding the criteria of objectivity (CVCf = 0.90), clarity (CVCf = 0.90) and precision (CVCf = 0.85). In general, the analysis about the calculation of the Content Validation Coefficient (CVC), the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient showed satisfactory results as for the content evaluation of the IAF-TEA instrument.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

O controle microbiológico das plantas medicinais é indispensável para garantir a qualidade do produto e minimizar os riscos para o consumidor. As plantas possuem uma grande variedade de fungos e bactérias em sua microbiota natural, sendo, portanto, esperado que parte destes microrganismos sejam encontrados no produto final. Entretanto, durante as etapas de pré e pós-colheita destes vegetais, uma maior carga microbiana pode ser adicionada às plantas, e assim um produto potencialmente contaminado é colocado à disposição da população como forma de tratamento terapêutico, sendo um risco à saúde pública. Neste estudo, três amostras de plantas medicinais das espécies Matricaria recutita, Peumus boldus e Centella asiatica doadas por uma empresa distribuidora localizada no município de Mairiporã foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade microbiológica. A análise foi realizada no laboratório de microbiologia no Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Foram avaliadas a contagem total de microrganismos mesófilos, incluindo bactérias e fungos, e realizada a pesquisa de microrganismos patogênicos, dentre eles Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Salmonella sp. As plantas analisadas apresentaram todos os resultados dentro dos parâmetros especificados, e ausência de todos os microrganismos patogênicos. Os resultados apresentados certificaram o cumprimento das Boas Práticas de distribuição e fracionamento por parte da empresa. Paralelamente a este estudo, foi realizada a análise de plantas medicinais adquiridas no comércio popular de São Paulo, e os resultados comparados posteriormente.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Promoting the sensitization and the construction of the environmental consciousness in the History classes was the goal of this study; it was trying to go deeper into the knowledge that already exists in the relations among History, Landscape, Landscape Painting and Environment. This paper approached the knowledge about environmental history [defended by Worster] to the historical scholar knowledge, with the intention of propitiating learning opportunities for a study inserted in the everyday coastal life. This approximation was done through artistic works from the historical, social, cultural and environmental point of view. It tried to verify the understanding about the environment coming from the students of the first year in high-school, with ages between 14 to 15 years old in the city of Bertioga-SP. Passing by a process of intervention in the History classes, where the researcher was also the teacher who is guided by the principles of the art / education proposed by Ana Mae Barbosa, some reproductions of paintings from the artist Benedito Calixto were used. What interested in Benedito Calixto&#8223;s works was the thematic linked to the paintings of landscapes (natural and marine), in special the creations of the beginning of the twentieth century. After the intervention adjusted to the teaching of research-action expressed by Thiollent, the students dedicated themselves to the development of their artistic skills when they created visual poetic forms, based on photographs, for, this way, show in an artistic way the interaction between the man ant the environment. Some of these photographs served as a disclosure to the process of environmental degradation and the decrease in quality of life, other photographs were used as a way to value the natural beauty that are still preserved. With this, it was verified through questionnaires that appeared new comprehension in what was understood about the environment. For the analysis of the investigation in a qualitative order, the method Bardin was used, that, when classified categories using unities of register, it permitted a safer interpretation and made it easier the decisions during the intervention. This way, it was possible to find out that the experiences of art / education developed with the students made it possible the enrichment of the history classes and offered conditions that helped the construction of the environmental consciousness of the students involved.

In the context of alleged economic, political and social “crises” of modern democracies; the approach to democratic legitimacy in its different biases, especially in relation to the political legitimacy of the representative electoral system, is essential. This study seeks to demonstrate how this crisis has been defined, especially in Western democratic regimes and to explore the various analyzes that have been made, both by researchers, as well as by political scientists, jurists and sociologists, on the subject, in order to better understand the “why” of these crises. The interdisciplinary character of this study is highlighted, which involves, in addition to law, sociology, history, philosophy and political science, which enabled a dialogue between the subjects and, consequently, an exchange of information and conceptual analyzes under different approaches, in order to ensure the construction of a multifaceted analysis on the topic, transcending its legal limits. At once, the irreducible character of several topics mentioned above is recognized, which invariably incurs in the absence of exhausting its debates and inability to fully understand its aspects. However, it was decided to adopt temporal, theoretical and bibliographic cuts in an attempt to contain these issues within this essay structure. It is understood that the study of democracy and political legitimacy allows and inspires the training and education of the citizens that ultimately compose the State, contributing to the formation of their political thoughts, as well as guiding those who are still building their political understandings and their own citizenship. This citizenship, in turn, in the sense of effective participation in the organization of the Brazilian Democratic Social State, would be essential for democratic effectiveness. Thus, this essay soughts to highlight its political and social relevance for the understanding of the world political scenario and, in a more detailed way, of the current Brazilian government.