RCAAP Repository

The obstacles and conflicts between the State and religion and current perspectives on the developments of this relationship with the education of the citizen are analyzed. The paper investigates the foundation of the modern State and its influence on the formation of modern and contemporary societies. It also shows the impact of the separation between religion and State to discuss that the citizen’s education leads towards enlightenment. Further, democratic and republican knowledge of citizens goes through the “rules of public education” (Diderot, 2000, p. 268). In fact, the State should be responsible for education in a constant dialogue with the various segments of society, so that ‘the object of education and the extent of lessons should provide him with plurality’. The central idea is that there may be a space for religious issues within the secular state, but they must be guided by reason that enlightens the citizen and they must be an expression of subjectivity and human freedom. Relationships between the State, Religion and Citizen Education should also include reflections about social inequality and the impact of religion on the maintenance or transformation of unjust social structures.

The enactment of the policy Innovatory High School Program (ProEMI) in two government-run high schools is analyzed. According to Ball et al., enactment means that policies are interpreted and translated by several political agents within the school environment rather than merely implemented. Working with the prospect of ‘enactment’ provides new possibilities to understand the policy cycle as presented by Ball et al. disconnecting the context of practice in dealing simply with politics in action from the context of influence as the enshrined status of ideas. Current paper tries to show how policies are put into practice by teachers in each specific context, from the resources available in the school and from the feelings and immediate interests of the school community. The reasons for possible differences in the implementation of policy in each of the analyzed contexts are also discussed. In fact, policy results from discussions of various and contextualized demands involving several school agents closely linked to the policy in question. 

Analytical elements that relate processes of juridical regulation and school control on Religious Education are provided. The methodology is based on documentary and bibliographic research. Chronology extends from the colonial period to the 1930s and shows that alliances and clashes on Religious Education in Brazilian education history were nurtured from the start through the influence of the Catholic Church, ecclesiastical authorities, several institutions and intellectual defenders of religious values and principles. The principle aspects which foregrounded the basis for the setting and characterization of the controversy and forms of Brazilian school organization and the Religious Education may be perceived during the Brazilian Empire period up to the 1930s within the Republican Period. They were based on the emergence and consolidation of antagonism between religion and secularism, highlighting the role of the State in its cultural training and schooling of the population as one of the central factors of the debate. 

The representations of education disseminated by the Catholic press between 1949 and 1959, are analysed. There was a great expansion of public education during this re-democratization period in Brazilian society, resulting in restricting denominational education and debates between Catholics and liberals on the new National Education Law and Guidelines. The newspaper Diário de Notícias published in Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, by the Diocesan Curia, is discussed. Current study investigated how the Catholic press addressed the childhood theme, the aims and expansion of primary education, the inclusion of the popular classes in the school, the Adult Literacy Campaign and the goals of preparatory or vocational secondary education. Conservative positions, foregrounded on the enhancement of civic and patriotic values and religious education as the foundation of family and society, were forwarded.

The article deals with the relationship between federalism and education in Brazil during the First Republic period (1889-1930). The objective is to follow the discussion about public school in the country, in an environment influenced by the new system of government. It also tries to understand how education was ‘accommodated’ after the formation of the Brazilian federation, starting with the publication of the Republican Constitution of 1891. The major Law provided continuity to the principles signed by the Additional Act of 1834. Thus, the responsibility for the primary education along the First Republic ‘oscillates’ around the discussions about centralization and decentralization. Therefore, such considerations require reflections about the concepts of federalism and education, in the ambit of relations which the State establishes with the members of the federation (states or municipalities), resembling a kind of Brazil-like federalism. 

The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by persistent patterns and inadequate levels of inattention and / or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is the most frequent disorder of school age, and, therefore, it is relevant that teachers know how to intervene appropriately, using educational and behavioral strategies in view of academic success and social integration. Currently, ADHD is probably the most studied childhood disorder and also the one first grade teachers face the most in their daily lives. In this study, in order to identify the knowledge first grade teachers have on this disturbance and the influence of professional experience in the evaluation they make upon their knowledge, a questionnaire was developed and applied to a sample of two hundred and fifty teachers. The results show that, in general, although the teachers have already worked with children presenting ADHD, they consider their knowledge as satisfactory, indicating the need of more qualification in this area. 

La política de educación escolar siempre fue explícita en sus intenciones de producir identidades para los pueblos indígenas. La Constitución Federal de 1988 rompe con el propósito asimilacionista/integracionista/colonizador de los currículos impuestos a los indígenas y reconoce las identidades étnicas insertadas en el contexto de las relaciones culturales y el derecho a sus costumbres, valores, tradiciones, lenguas y saberes. El uso de la lengua materna y de sus procesos propios de aprendizaje son categorías orientadoras de los currículos de sus escuelas. Teniendo la cultura como centralidad de la discusión, el texto se apoya en relatos de profesores indígenas de las etnias Terena, Guarani y Kaiowá, sujetos que viven las ambigüedades y los conflictos así como sus identidades y la identidad que pretenden para las escuelas en las diferentes comunidades. A pesar de las dificultades que la escuela indígena aún enfrenta, los movimientos indígenas ponen en tensión los patrones homogéneos y colonizadores de la escuela. Esta escuela hace parte de la vida de los indígenas y cumple su función social de trabajar con los conocimientos sin abandonar sus culturas como productora de sentidos y significados, sus saberes que garantizan la diferencia en el currículo, espacio de lucha, y en la producción de sujetos indígenas.

A research conducted between 2010 and 2012 revealed religious expressions, such as prints, statues, graffiti, scribbling and posters, in 60.87% of the government-run high schools of the Federal District of Brazil. These religious expressions were authored by institutional agents including teachers, students, administrative personnel and school managers. The qualitative induction approach was the method used in current research, with three procedures: photos of the religious representations, interviews with managers, group discussions with students. Results show that the phenomenon is part of the structural conflict within Brazilian educational milieu, or rather, secularism versus religious education. The paper also investigates whether the phenomenon deals with ideology or social representations. 

This paper was inspired by the growth and appreciation that Distance Education (DE) has taken in recent decades in the training of teachers in Brazil. Our main goal is to point transformations regarding distance Education in Brazil, especially in teacher education. Through that, we brought what is being debated these last years about Distance Education. From the results we can say that current transformations in the Brazilian educational scenario, particularly in teacher training and distance education show us that they need to be better understood. Reflecting about many issues DE has, we may conclude that clearly we need more research to answer many of our continuing questions, especially regarding formative needs and teacher learning in the Distance Education context. 

Albert the Great provided several statements to build a sort of Political Philosophy from his theological and philosophical works. His Political Philosophy is relatively autonomous with regard to Metaphysics and Supernatural Theology due to the fact that, even when it has its own principles, formal objective and end, which is the political common good, these derive from the Supreme Being and Supreme Good which are God´s first creations. There is thus a clear subordinate relationship between Political Science and Wisdom whose object is God. 

South American higher educational institutions have experienced great challenges and transformations during the last decades especially with regard to the consolidation of educational quality. In 2008, MERCOSUR established the Higher Education Accreditation System (ARCU-SUR) aiming at a permanent evaluation of quality in higher education in associated and member countries. This fact also induced regional integration and social, educational, economic and intercultural development in South America. Positive effects could be perceived in regional evaluations, especially in Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. According to König (2007), the capacitation of national peers and periodical evaluations of ARCU-SUR have strengthened the evaluation tradition in these countries. Another notable achievement of the system is the stimulus to establish National Accreditation Agencies in countries where no such institution exists. . 

This article identified the influence and the interrelation of policies and educational theories of the national State, in speeches about which History must to be taught and what for, in the state of Santa Catarina, in the first half of the 20th century. It is intended mainly to focus on the interrelation between the History that will be taught and the nationalization, given the centralization of the federal Government for this purpose – whether in the Administration, programs and monitoring. From the Ministry of Education came instructions to fight against different manifestations of the foreign cultures existing in Brazil, especially the uses of language and the teaching of History and Geography in countries where the different ethnic groups came from. The documentary sources consist of bibliographical material, especially speeches of Jonathas Serrano, one of the spokesmen of a particular conception of History of the period and one of the formulators of speeches and official policy programs, clippings of educational legislation, and reports of school inspectors. 

Teachers’ integration processes in basic education systems are analyzed by investigating professional development policies defined in recent educational legislation, such as the Guidelines for National Education 9394/96, Brazilian Education Plan 2001-2011 and current National Education Plan 2014-2024. Documents are analyzed based on the theoretical work by Saviani (2010, 2011, 2014a, 2014b) on educational policies and by Marcelo (1999, 2009, 2010), Vaillant and Marcelo (2012), Romanowski (2012), Gatti (2009) Gatti e Barreto (2009), André (2012), Cunha (2010, 2012) and others, on teachers’ formation, specifically on the initiation phase in the teaching profession. Results show that the concern on the initiation period is a recent topic. It explicitly comes to the fore through the current National Education Plan (2014-2024) albeit in a fledging stance. In spite of the limitations, there is a development in the States’ Education Plans. It should be underscored that established policies must take into account the specific factors of each context and the limits imposed by financial conditions of states and municipalities and by teachers’ formation conditions and work milieu. 

The compilers of exempla had their attention caught by an old heresy: Arianism, which could be the model of a powerful heresy overcome by the Church long before the Inquisition. The Inquisition appears in collections of exempla in different stages of its development. It is under the responsibility of bishops in reports of exempla citerciens that evoke several characterized cases of heresy and that create a first synthetic report on the Cathars (written by Caesarius of Heisterbach). Then, mendicant collections, especially that by Etienne de Bourbon, the Traité des diverses matières à prêcher [Treaty on several subjects to preach), allow seeing how a Dominican surrenders to his role of inquisitor whose energy no longer covers only heresies but also all ‘superstitions’. Lastly, a late collection in vernacular language, the Ci nous dit, suggests that the inquisition had lost its currentness and somehow been trivialized. 

Editorial - Acta Scientiarum. Education 37(2) 2015

Referees for Volume 37, n. 2 of the Acta Scientiarium. Education, 2015

 The inclusion of statistical knowledge in the curriculum of basic Education is discussed. Why are certain themes, developed on the curriculum statistical knowledge, underscored? Why are statistics a curriculum subject through school programs for good teaching and learning practices? The Brazilian Curriculum Parameters for Basic and High School Education and Teachers´ Formation Book 7 of the National Agreement for Right Age Schooling are investigated. Foucault´s concepts of Governamentality and Countability are employed for analysis. Results show that inclusion of statistical knowledge in the curriculum does not merely include the teaching and learning of certain contents, but also the learning and teaching of attitudes in the agents´ mode of being by taking a stand in determined situations and making decisions.  

This qualitative and exploratory research analyzed how prior knowledge may influence the learning processes. The research was conducted through the analysis of learning procedures carried out by individuals using material with content they master and material content they do not master. Six participants were interviewed individually at length on the ways in which they related to both texts. Results suggest that prior consolidated knowledge is a major influence on learning process, affecting information recognition, learning speed, participants’ metacognitive capacity, the need of informational support to maintain learning process and aspects of instructional support regarding formal teaching situations. In addition, results indicate the importance of teaching actions, especially the diagnostic facet of learning evaluation, to improve learning opportunities to learners reach a mastery level. 

The phenomenon of education, foregrounded on certain ideas by Heidegger, with special reference to finitude and the meaning of being, is analyzed. Current paper shows the basis of education within the original comprehensive opening of the human being, within the characteristics of the project of have-to-be, present in humans and absent in other beings. Results show that the concept reveals no objective and universalizing alternative. The only alternative is to put on the way and always prepare the subject Dasein as from himself, allowing him to be aware and available for the occurrence of world. 

This article describes the experience in academic community, systematizing it as an interlocution process and, accordingly, as a pedagogic work. The empirical field is the coexistence in a research group with undergraduate and graduate students on Education that need to do research, writing, discussing and systematizing. The goal is to analyze an experience and to demonstrate that, in dialogue with other authors and subjected to systematization, it produces knowledge. In this sense, academic community is dialectically set as a choice and as a possibility, even in conditions that cooperates with the production-academic individualism. According to this position, the text is organized in a sequence in which arguments will be performing and structuring three sections that are interdependent. Initially, it is discussed the concept of academic community; then it is emphasized its relation to the concept of interlocution to, finally, understand the work of academic advising as a pedagogic work. Thus, the concept of academic community can disrupt the understanding of academic advice simply as a demand else imposed on the pedagogic work. The discussion points out that, from the inside of this work, it is possible to explore ways to interactively recreate it and, in consequence, make people increasingly be involved as subjects of the academic process. .