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The main objective of this essay is to analyze the obesity, a rapid growing health problem that brings within costs for the well-being of the economic agents and for the market in general. By comparing, two research lines, the first one the traditional health economics that take as premise the neoclassical theory, followed by the behavioral health economics. It would be possible to compare how the different theories explain the problem and how they can address the question for solving it. This study will only be possible with a large literature review, including comparing some application cases of interventions.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Acesso online https://bit.ly/2J3c04r

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The present research aims to present an analysis of three theological concepts that are found in protestant work ethic. These concepts are grounded in the biblical teachings on work, and have had a huge influence on the societies that have adopted them. The first concept is that of work as a vocation, which affirms that God calls people to perform certain crafts, and human labor, the fruit of this vocation, is in fact an instrument of divine providence. The second concept is related to the fact that all work is accomplished first of all to God, and therefore He is worshiped and glorified through him. Finally, the concept of work as a service to the neighbor will be presented, which states that work is not an end in itself, but it points to a bigger purpose that includes helping others. At the end of the analysis of each concept, practical implications will be presented of how they can influence the daily labor of workers.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Considerando a escassez de políticas criminais efetivas e capazes de assegurar um tratamento digno durante a detenção, o presente artigo tem por escopo abordar de um ponto de vista jurídico os diferentes posicionamentos sobre a prisão da comunidade LGBT no Brasil, em especial os transgêneros. Por se tratar de assunto pouco discutido e que não carrega consigo grande repercussão diante da mídia, viuse a possibilidade de esclarecimento das questões trazidas com o intuito não apenas de que a temática seja normatizada e torne-se uma diretiva para o procedimento de cumprimento da pena, mas, também, a fim de que sejam observados os postulados estabelecidos em nossa Carta Maior e Convenções Internacionais de Direitos Humanos, evitando-se, assim, abusos e violações de direitos. Diante da realidade presenciada, observa-se que passos importantes já foram dados na busca por uma sociedade livre de todas as formas de discriminação, tornando-se possíveis através do implemento de resoluções e com observância aos princípios que regem os direitos humanos. Entretanto, não há como negar que ainda se está longe do que se pensa como ideal, ou seja, conferir a todos os cidadãos, em especial os transgêneros, o pleno gozo de seus direitos mais intrínsecos. Erigido sobre uma lógica binária de separação por gênero, em que se enaltece a masculinidade, o sistema carcerário  Graduando em Direito na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Endereço eletrônico: bruno_n_silva@hotmail.com. 8 tenta suprimir as identidades daqueles que estão alheios à padronização imposta, submetendo-os as mais diversas formas de violências e violações de direitos. Abandonados pelo Estado e pela sociedade, esses indivíduos buscam em meio às suas próprias fragilidades a força necessária para reafirmar o direito de ser quem são. Desse modo, é possível concluir que o direito assegurado às pessoas transexuais pela Resolução Conjunta nº 1, do Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação, pautado na sistemática adotada pelo sistema internacional de proteção dos direitos humanos, não só confere aos Estados a obrigatoriedade pela implementação de políticas criminais eficientes, mas, também, é capaz de conferir a essas pessoas a esperança de se verem livres das condutas discriminatórias e que atentem aos direitos humanos, ainda que não sejam livres de fato e de direito.

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Este texto aborda questões envolvendo os limites da prática e do pensar arquitetônico e a dificuldade de trabalhar arquitetura em suas complexidades através de conceitos, distanciando-a da arte e aproximando à ciência do pensar filosófico. Analisando o urbanismo e a formação da cidade de São Paulo através da região do leito do Rio Tamanduateí, entendemos as matrizes de construção da cidade em busca da mobilidade e controle do estado sob os que a habitam. A partir desta conceituação podemos interpretar o espaço construído como um léxico, uma linguagem, destacando elementos semânticos da construção do espaço, atingindo o entendimento (in) conclusivo que a região do atual Parque Dom Pedro II tratase de um palimpsesto, um pergaminho rasurado, apagado e reescrito inúmeras vezes, que guarda vestígios deste léxico flexível, mutável e habitável. O trabalho aproxima-se de uma leitura histórica da região da Várzea do Carmo como sendo um objeto flexível e passível de releituras e resignificações.

Emotions consist in reactions to significant actions on individuals, more specifically, the responses that involve an affective experience, and may be expressed verbally or not. The human face can express many emotions enabling the exchange of information about affective states, facilitating interaction between individuals. Not all facial expressions are genuine, because in social interactions exist lies and deceptions that can range from altruistic and motives to lie for fear of punishment. Studies show brain regions associated with identifying and perception of each emotion and as cerebral laterality may influence the recognition and expression. The left side of the face has been identified as the most informative to identify emotions, revealing the existence of asymmetry in facial expressions of emotions identification. The objective of the study is to evaluate the pattern of eye movements in tasks of trial expressions of real and falsified emotions. Participated 33 subjects, who was instructed to watch and judge the 96 movies, divided in 2 bateries, each containing 48 movies with true and false facial emotion expressions. All the movies showed more the left area of the face and were edited to have a mirror efect. The movies were presented on a computer with Eye- Tracking device for tracking eye movements. The expressions presented were: happiness, fear and sadness. Participants indicated whether the expression view was true or not. The results indicate that the left hemisphere of the brain is more involved in judging the emotions through the face, as well as being faster, and genuine emotions got a better hit rate.

This study aims to analyze the second version of Oscar Wilde's The picture of Dorian Gray, published in 1891, from the perspective of its three main characters (Dorian Gray, Basil Hallward, and lord Henry Wotton). Based on the voices within the utterances that make up the characters' dialogs, our aim is to interpret their self-consciousness, their views on art itself, and to what extent they stand in relation to Victorian England, the space and the time of the narrative; Dorian Gray, as a disciple of Lord Henry Wotton in the implementation of the ideas of a socalled new Hedonism, and as a Doppelgänger materialized by his picture; Basil Hallward, as a conservative individual, in favor of moral values, yet as an artist refracting the Realism of his days, by pursuing the perfect aesthetic representation in a combination of Antiquity and Renaissance forms and the Romantic soul, which preceded Realism; and lord Henry Wotton, 'the illusionist of words', who makes his point by refracting the views of his time and space by resorting to the irony and the maxims of epigrams. The latter are also resorted to by Wilde in the whole preface of 1891's version of The picture of Dorian Gray, so as to stand against the myriad of critical reviews which considered his only novel as 'immoral'. We will address Mikhail Bakhtin's self-consciousness theory, as well as Walter Pater's and Karl Beckson's in regard to the Aesthetic movement. Last, but no least, Munira Mutran's and Richard Elmann's writings on Wilde's autobiographical works related to his position as an aesthete and a dandy, yet by no means do we intend to affirm that The picture of Dorian Gray is mainly an autobiography, but an expression "of the self as having multiple possibilities", in Elmann's words. As a conclusion, we will aim to identify the characters' cosmovision, in a never-ending process of reflecting and / or refracting their time and space values.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia

Com esse trabalho pretendo fazer uma leitura dos diversos significados que foram atrelados ao termo “periferia” desde sua consolidação, no final dos anos 1940, até os dias de hoje em que esse termo deixa de representar somente uma posição geográfica, abraçando características que identificam e representam a população desses locais...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This project aims to analyze the legal institute of modulation of effects in tax matters based on the jurisprudence of the Federal Supreme Court in the control of constitutionality diffuse and concentrated since its entry into force through the Laws n º S. 9.868/99 and 9.882/99 to the present, from the tabulation and analysis of the decisions given in this selected interval, in order to verify whether there is a decision-making standard on the interpretation of the meaning and scope of the expressions "legal certainty" and "exceptional social interest" contained in the authorizing norms of modulation in the aforementioned legislations, as well as the application of these in cases of change of jurisprudential understanding, as overruling cases, which turned out to be a criterion of legal norms for temporal modulation of effects from the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. This analysis presupposed a theoretical tool to assist in understanding the modulation of effects inserted in the legal system, from the legal positivism, in the strand of the authors Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart, passing through the characteristics of contemporary constitutionalism, as well as evaluating the characteristics of effectiveness of constitutional norms and the role of constitutional jurisdiction in the Brazilian context. The analysis concluded that it is possible to affirm the existence of patterns about temporal modulation of effects in tax matters by the STF in some specific situations, such as cases of change of jurisprudence and requirement of proof of severe injury to the social environment, as well as it is possible to identify characteristics of cases in which the factual situation leads to patterns that require the modulation of effects, as the case of the change of jurisprudence in tax matters, and which reject the Modulation, such as cases in which there is no empirically proven existence of irreversible social impairment. However, it is not possible to find a decision standard that is used in the STF to define "legal certainty" and "exceptional Social interest". In practice, decisions use these expressions followed by hypothetical examples that confirm the need for their guarantee, as if that were enough to guarantee the validity of the manipulation of decisions declaring unconstitutionality.

The adoption of the innovation in the organizations frequently occurs in two stages: at a first moment there is a decision of the organization in adopting the innovation which is called primary adoption, followed by one real implementation that includes individual adoption by the users, and corresponds to the secondary adoption (LEONARD BARTON; DESCHAMPS, 1998; GALLIVAN, 2001). The current study explores the traditional models applicability of innovation adoption and diffusion to identify the factors that influence the secondary adoption of the Project Management Methodology in Technology Information, in the organizations. Beyond this main objective, the research seeks to identify if these factors behave in a different way for the users who have experience in its use, being in some of the assimilation stages (COOPER and ZMUD, 1990) and the potential adopters. The study model, based on the Theory of the Planned behavior (AJZEN, 1991), on the Theory of Diffusion of the Innovation (ROGERS, 1995) and on the model of Secondary Adoption of the Innovation (GALLIVAN, 2001), incorporates and adapts relative constructs to the Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Control. The data of the research were obtained from a sample of project managers in Technology Information. The model is analyzed using structural equation modeling, thus verifying the inter-relation among the constructs. The results of the research revealed that the Attitude, Administrative Subjective Norm and Team Subjective Norm influence significantly for users and potential adopters. As for the control dimensions, only the Organization Facilities construct was significant for the group of potential adopters. The research also confirmed the existence of differences in the factors that influence the adoption of the Project Management Methodology for users and potential adopters. The Attitude and Administrative Subjective Norm are more intense factors for the users, while the Team Subjective Norm, Individual Facilities and Organization Facilities are more significant for the potential adopters. The implications of the study are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.

The present research aimed to analyze the Brazilian educational public policies adopted for the training of teachers in the undergraduate courses of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo - Campus São Paulo, leading to understand how has been the consolidation of the formation of Teachers in those courses. The general objective is to analyze, from the point of view of teacher educators, the implications of the public educational policies of teacher training in the degree courses of the IFSP-SPO. The work was carried out following the qualitative research mechanisms, by two guiding axes, being: Brazilian public educational policies and teacher training in the degree courses of the IFSP-SPO. It was divided into two stages, the first one focused on documentary research, where information collection, reading and analysis of the theoretical assumptions underlying the work were carried out, aimed at identifying the concepts presented in the documents and structuring the theoretical basis of the work From the information obtained. The second was the field research, carried out by means of a semistructured interview, in the IFSP - Campus São Paulo, together with the professors of the Licenciatura courses, in a total of 18 professors, 3 professors of each of the 6 existing courses, being: Coordinator of the course, a teacher of specific discipline of the area of knowledge and another one of pedagogical discipline. Data analysis and tabulation was carried out through content analysis (Bardin, 2010), with the intention of identifying whether educational public policies directed towards undergraduates have contributed to the professional development of teachers and whether the knowledge worked in the courses Undergraduate courses provide a training more in line with the educational challenges faced in the school context. To support the development of the research, we have recourse to Mizukami (1986, 1996, 2005, 2010), Gatti (1997, 2010, 2013, 2015), André (1996, 2010, 2015), Gatti, André and Barreto , Oliveira and Toschi (2012), Imbernón (2002), Nóvoa (1997, 1999, 2007), Sacristán (1995, 1999), Saviani (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012), Marcelo García (1997, 2013) and Vaillant (2015). The data obtained show that educational public policies directed to undergraduate courses contribute to professional teacher development insofar as they stipulate the need for specific training to practice the profession, on the other hand, the fact that they follow the guidelines stipulated by the multilateral bodies, Also makes the profession suffer impacts by removing it from the preparation of legal documents, by disregarding the production of knowledge of the teacher as teaching, by approaching education through a series of evaluation systems, understanding it as if it were A matter of costs and numbers. We have identified that the knowledge developed in the IFSP-SPO Undergraduate courses aims to provide a training that meets the educational challenges faced in the school context, through solid training in the contents of the specific areas, practical development and training actions that may offer subterfuge for The reflection and criticism of the graduates.