RCAAP Repository

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the actions of the Human Milk Banks coordination to favor the continuity of breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Descriptive study, of qualitative approach, with theoretical-methodological reference of Pierre Bourdieu. Data collection was done through interviews between March and April, with five coordinations and results organized by thematic analysis. Results: Two categories were produced: the actions of strategies for the maintenance of Human Milk Banks services by digital means as a way to ensure social distancing and breastfeeding in times of pandemic of the new coronavirus; and the actions of promotion, protection and support in strategies for maintenance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. Final considerations: The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any potential risks of transmission of the new coronavirus. The importance of systematic nursing practices in the quality and safety of the process of Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding is evident.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men (MSM) and engaged in casual sex during a period of social isolation. Method: National epidemiological survey, applied in April and May 2020, by adaptation of Respondent Drive Sampling. Results: 1,337 MSM participated in the survey, of which 514 (38.4%) had fever associated with another sign or symptom of flu-like syndrome. Social, demographic characteristics, sexual practices and activities during the period of social isolation were statistically associated with the presence of flu-like syndrome. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in the average of partners between those who had signs and symptoms of flu-like syndrome (3.5) and those who did not (1.7). Conclusion: Evidence of signs and symptoms indicative of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID 19 in Brazilian MSM who were involved in casual sex during the period of social isolation.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how homeless people live, in times of COVID-19 pandemic, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method: an ethnographic research that used interviews and observations and articles published in newspapers and magazines of great circulation, using domain analysis. Results: the results tell how the COVID-19 pandemic emerged for the homeless population. Isolation led to emptying the streets and reducing passers-by, damaging their ways of living and their survival tactics. Hunger, thirst, absence of places for bathing and for fulfilling physiological needs became part of their daily lives. Final considerations: given the impossibility of having a place to shelter, acquiring food and water and the limitations in carrying out preventive measures, care actions offered by managers to limit the virus to spread, even in this population, are ineffective.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the influence of socioeconomic, demographic, epidemiological factors, and the health system structure in the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study with variables extracted from databases, having the incidence and mortality by COVID-19 until August 23, 2020, in Brazilian states, as response variables. The magnitude of the associations was estimated using Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: In the Brazilian states, 59.8% of variation in the incidence of COVID-19 was justified by income inequality, significant home densification, and higher mortality. In the case of mortality, those same variables explained 57.9% of the country's variations in federal units. Conclusion: Our results indicate that socioeconomic factors influenced the evolution and impact of COVID-19 in Brazil. Thus, we suggest comprehensive actions to ensure economic conditions and strengthening of health networks for populations with socioeconomic vulnerability.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with pressure injuries related to the use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted using an instrument made available in social networks with 1,106 health professionals. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared, considering pvalue < 0.05. Results: There was a prevalence of 69.4% for pressure injuries related to the use of personal protective equipment, with an average of 2.4 injuries per professional. The significant factors were: under 35 years of age, working and wearing personal protective equipment for more than six hours a day, in hospital units, and without the use of inputs for protection. Conclusion: Pressure injuries related to the use of medical devices showed a high prevalence in this population. The recognition of the damage in these professionals makes it possible to advance in prevention strategies.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 Acute Kidney Injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: an integrative review, with adoption of PICO strategy and classification of the level of evidence, carried out on April 10, 2020 in the PubMed database, of articles available between December 2019 and April 2020. Results: the sample consisted of six original, five observational and one experimental articles. Observational studies addressed the clinical findings of patients with COVID-19 and association between kidney damage, infection, and morbidity-mortality. Conclusion: the studies addressed the mechanism of intracellular infection of SARS-CoV-2, its cytopathic effects on kidney cells and incidence of acute kidney injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in these patients. This review realizes the need for new research that can mention kidney care to patients with COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify with the literature the measures to prevent and control neonatal infection by COVID-19. Methods: a scope review carried out by searching for studies in databases and institutional health websites. The final sample was 25 articles. Results: among the main measures are the use of masks by suspected or infected people in contact with healthy newborns, hand hygiene before and after each care and feeding as well as the tools used for milking. It is indispensable to use personal protective equipment by health professionals in neonatology services to maintain a private room for infected newborns or to use physical barriers. Early diagnosis and timely case management is essential to reduce virus transmissibility. Conclusions: the research contributed to elucidate health and nursing actions in preventing and controlling neonatal infection by COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify scientific evidence on the effectiveness of using cloth masks as safe protectors against COVID-19. Method: an integrative review of articles available in full obtained at PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Controlled, non-controlled descriptors and keywords such as “mask”, “home-made” and “cloth” or “cotton” and “infection control” or “infection prevention” were used. Results: thirty-eight articles were selected; of these, seven studies made up the sample. Evidence shows that cloth masks do not have the same protective characteristics as surgical masks, indicating an increased risk of infection due to humidity, diffusion of fluids, virus retention, and improper preparation. Considering the shortage of surgical masks during the pandemic, cloth masks could be proposed as a last resort. Conclusion: cloth masks should be used together with preventive measures, such as home insulation, good respiratory conduct, and regular hand hygiene.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze information on resource allocation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, published in indexed scientific journals, from December 2019 to March 2020. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, which took place in March 2020. All databases were investigated and studies were found only in MEDLINE. After applying the established criteria, six articles were selected. Results: It was evident that the allocation of resources is carried out as the demands emerge. The fragility in presenting scientific-methodological evidence that can guide decision makers for assertive allocation of available resources is highlighted. The results showed that studies on this subject are incipient and need to be expanded. Final considerations: The need for health organizations and area authorities to be better prepared for the proper use of available resources, with allocation based on scientific evidence and maximization of resources is indicated.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify publishing related to the mental health of health professionals working in the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: an integrative review that included primary articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct databases and US National Library of Medicine databases. The result analysis was performed descriptively, in four analytical categories. Results: The publishing involved aspects related to insufficient personal protective equipment, feelings of fear and stigma, the need for psychological and psychiatric support and the possibility of post-outbreak mental disorders. Conclusion: All mentioned aspects have a direct impact on the mental health of professionals, demanding the creation of strategies that minimize the emotional burnout of workers, considering that each country and culture reacts differently to the disease.

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the impact of the infection by the novel coronavirus on Brazilian children in situation of social vulnerability based on the Millennium Sustainable Development Goals. Method: Reflective study based on discursive formulation in three aspects: principles of the objectives and goals for the millennium sustainable development; impact of the pandemic on the health of children and their families living in social vulnerability; and the role of pediatric nursing in the care provided - limits and challenges. Results: In January 2020, the news of COVID 19 is released as a pandemic. In Brazil, children and families are still without access to basic rights, thereby increasing their risks of social vulnerability because of the quarantine. The nursing field has an important role in monitoring children and their families, offering guidance in search for solutions and preventing contamination. Conclusion: There are still challenges to be overcome by the children and their families in situations of vulnerability against COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: To suggest recommendations for the practice of Home Nursing in the context of COVID-19. Method: Reflective study, originated from readings associated with the theme, available in current guidelines from the Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health. Results: Recommendations were developed from current scientific evidence for prevention of infections, control of epidemics and pandemics in the Brazilian home scenario. Final considerations: the reflections achieved contribute to guiding actions for better assistance to the patient, family caregivers and the community in the perspective of safe home care with COVID-19, and it is characterized as an introductory discussion on the theme, encouraging new studies to be carried out from the unfolding of the current scenario.

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the political and structural conditions for establishing the Unified Health System (UHS – Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS) in coping with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: Theoretical-reflection study. Results: At the first moment named “The global and the local in facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic” is presented the health crisis that took place worldwide and the government actions to combat COVID-19. A second moment named “Between dismantling actions and resistance, the UHS is the best way to face the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic”, reflects on the neoliberal attacks on the health system and how it resists, remaining the main pandemic response strategy. Conclusion: The strengthening of democracy and the defense of the UHS are the way out of the crisis. It is believed that this reflection generates - in everyone who deals with caretaking - the political action, the ethical attitude, the desire for valorization and the spirit of struggle in defense of the UHS and human life.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the challenges and power of the nursing care process in Primary Health Care in the face of the New Coronavirus, COVID-19, in the Brazilian scenario. Method: reflective study, based on the discursive formulation in the context of COVID-19 in Primary Health Care, based on theoretical foundations and practical effects of neoliberal policy, the care process, and Nursing. Results: in Brazil, COVID-19, has caused the need for challenges for strengthening primary care in the face of neoliberal policy, but it presents the potential of dialogue with communities and the (re)creation of the nursing care process through solidary collaborative networks. Final considerations: reflecting on the nursing care process in primary care restores the strength present in the cooperation between health teams and community solidarity networks to change social and health circumstances, despite the challenge imposed by underfunding aggravated by neoliberalism.

ABSTRACT Objective: To promote a theoretical reflective analysis of what nursing has to learn and teach to global society in times of OVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Reflective theoretical essay aimed at contributing new knowledge and raising new questions, based on the assumptions of Edgar Morin’s complexity thinking, subsidized by readings of texts extracted from electronic databases, as well as speeches by health professionals available in open communication tools. Results: COVID-19 reiterates that the biological warfare of the current pandemic is not fought with nuclear or fire weapons, but with care in its multiple dimensions: physical, emotional, spiritual, family, social, political and economic. Final considerations: Nursing has to learn and teach global society that its main object of work, care, is related to the expansion of systemic interactions and associations and the capacity to strengthen the interlocution with complex reality.

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the fundamental aspects in the establishment of preventive measures to tackle covid-19 among indigenous people in view of the motivations for seeking health care in villages of the Terra Indígena Buriti, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methods: Theoretical-reflective study based on assumptions of the National Health System and previous ethnographic research that enabled the identification of the motivations to seek health care in Buriti villages. Results: Indigenous people seek health centers for health care programs assistance, treatment of cases they cannot resolve and to chat. Such motivations were the basis for discussing the indigenization process in the confrontation of the new coronavirus pandemic in indigenous lands. Final considerations: The motivations for seeking health care show the physical and social vulnerability of the Terena ethnicity. The effectiveness of the social isolation measure in the villages depends on the dialogue with indigenous leaders, professional engagement and intersectoral actions.

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflect and propose adaptations to the Multimodal Hand Hygiene Strategy for field hospitals, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Reflective study, carried out in April 2020, based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the guide for the implementation of the five components of the Multimodal Strategy: system change related to infrastructure; training/education; evaluation and feedback; reminders in the workplace; and institutional security climate. Results: The Multimodal Strategy, proposed for hospitals in general, can be adapted for field hospitals in order to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Investments to adapt the infrastructure and education of workers require foresight and speed and are of special relevance to promote hand hygiene in this care context. Final considerations: Adjusting the Multimodal Strategy, especially for the reduced time in the execution of each component, is necessary for field hospitals with a view to preventing COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the challenges and perspectives of nursing education in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Reflection study, with theoretical approach based on national and international publications, allied to the experience of researchers in the area of nursing education. Results: Four sections are identified: Nursing education: current affairs and perspectives; Education and technologies in time of pandemic: acceleration, alteration and paralysis; Difference between emergency, intentional and remote teaching; the return to the “new normality”: new structuring axes and legal norms. Final considerations: The conclusion is that longstanding challenges have emerged with the pandemic, and the processes of acceleration, change and paralysis have marked education in these times. Moreover, epidemiological, technological and psychological aspects should be more valued in the return to activities.

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflect on how the new coronavirus pandemic triggered or accentuated the fear of childbirth in pregnant women and affected childbirth care practices. Methods: Reflective analysis of women's pregnancy and childbirth experiences during the current pandemic, supported by the latest scientific evidence and recommendations on the topic. Results: Pregnancy and childbirth are life-changing events for women, but during the new coronavirus pandemic, fear and uncertainty have taken on an unprecedented dimension in the negative way that many pregnant women have anticipated and experienced childbirth. Final considerations: The current period has accentuated a chronic problem: a paternalistic system of health institutions in the approach to childbirth, dense with additional levels of fear in pregnant women. In this context, addressing the fear of childbirth means not giving up the promotion of safe and positive birth experiences for women.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the interface between the Coronavirus pandemic and nursing theories. Method: theoretical-reflective assay, anchored in the theoretical constructs of Dorothea Orem, Florence Nightingale and Callista Roy. Results: in the interface with Orem, the professional, based on the nursing systems, offers health education for the virus prevention, the conduct of home isolation and in high complexity assistance when there is worsening of COVID19; with Nightingale, it is revealed the importance of environmental sanitation, ventilation, personal and domestic cleaning and the surrounding areas; with Roy, focal stimuli are perceived such as the symptoms of COVID19, contextual stimuli related to comorbidities, and residual stimuli, concerning to work stress due to high viral transmission and lack of protective equipment. Final Considerations: nurses can use the theoretical framework of nursing theories as tools to guide their care in this pandemic situation.