RCAAP Repository

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A teacher’s relationship with students can be a source of more than stress. The attributes of relational jobs either promote positive (e.g., work engagement) or inhibit negative (e.g., exhaustion) psychological states that constitute potential predictors of teachers’ general well-being (e.g., health perception). The present study tests hypotheses regarding the relationships between the psychological effects of relational job characteristics and teachers’ work-related and context-free well-being indicators. Preschool, primary, and secondary Brazilian school teachers (n = 2205) responded to a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed by multiple mediator structural equation modeling. The psychological effects of relational job characteristics predicted exhaustion, engagement, and health perception. Findings support indirect effects on health perception of exhaustion and engagement. Data were interpreted according to the job demands-resources model, where the relational job characteristics constitute essential resources that foster work engagement, diminish burnout, and indirectly affect more generalized well-being states such as general health. Possible explanations for the relationships are discussed.

In the present study, 37 lead artefacts were characterised to identify possible lead sources allowing to establish trade fluxes concerning food and textile products during Roman times. These artefacts were uncovered by dredging works at the Arade River estuary (Portimão). The city of Portimão (Lusitania province) was an important harbour, where several fish-processing factories were installed, and Arade River provides major access to the hinterland, both displaying an important commercial activity during the Late Antiquity. The methodology includes the typological and chemical (elemental and Pb isotopes) characterisation of artefacts. Samples were divided into the following: (i) rectangular plaques with decorations in relief such as tridents, fishes, or palms leaf, an iconography known to be displayed in some African amphora handles; (ii) small plaques with one perforation and incised Roman numerals, probably related with textile products; and (iii) fishing net weights, smooth plaques of unknown functionality, and a small rectangular prismatic plaque, perhaps an ingot. Elemental analysis was performed by ICP-MS, and results were interpreted by multivariate statistical analysis, which suggested different processes to obtain raw materials, namely lead obtained by the reduction of litharge or smelting of silver-poor galena. Cluster analysis grouped most of samples with motif depictions, which were further analysed by MC-ICP-MS to determine Pb isotope ratios. The possible sources of lead were identified by combining archaeological data with the nearest Euclidean neighbours using a large database comprising the Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean region. The Pb isotope signatures suggested lead sources located not only in the Iberian Peninsula but also in North Africa, evidencing a long-distance trade between those Roman provinces.

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Este trabalho esquadrinha o princípio da supremacia do interesse público aos olhos da doutrina e do Direito Positivo Comparado, a fim de atestar sua condição de postulado insculpido no Direito Prescritivo e espraiado por todo o ordenamento jurídico.

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Our overriding goal was to understand territorial inequalities regarding secondary school completion by testing which contextual factors and educational resources are associated with their change in high- and low-density Portuguese municipalities. Our analysis covered the time between 2009 and 2018, including both the economic crisis and the economic recovery period. Drawing mostly on publicly available data from 253 municipalities and following a Linear Mixed Model approach, we found that low-density municipalities depicted significantly greater levels of secondary school attainment by 2013 compared to high-density municipalities. Moreover, growing unemployment rates were associated with a reduction in secondary school completion rates across the assessed time points. Contrary to our expectations, higher rates of permanent teachers were associated with worse rates of secondary school completion. In addition, we found a significant increase in the rates of secondary school conclusion at higher levels of preschool enrollment among high-density municipalities. Our discussion counteracts the usual overstating of vulnerable territories’ worse educational indicators. We also underline the importance of improving secondary education indicators for reducing structural inequalities in the school-to-work transition in less affluent territories and pinpoint the importance of implementing policies, such as improving access to preschool education in Portuguese high-density municipalities.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and hospitalization in both sexes in nearly all countries of Europe. The main forms of cardiovascular disease are ischaemic heart disease and stroke. The magnitude of the problem contrasts with the shortage, weak quality and comparability of data available in most European countries. Innovations in medical, invasive and biological treatments have substantially contributed to the escalating costs of health services. It is therefore urgent to obtain reliable information on the magnitude and distribution of the disease for both adequate health planning (including preventive strategies) and clinical decision making with correct cost-benefit assessments. A stepwise surveillance procedure based on standardized data collection, appropriate record linkage and validation methods was set up by the EUROCISS Project (EUROpean Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set) to build up comparable and reliable indicators (attack rate and case fatality) for the surveillance of acute myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome at population level. This manual of operations is intended for health professionals and policy makers and provides a standardized and simple model for the implementation of a population-based register. It recommends to start from a minimum data set and then follow a stepwise procedure. Before implementing a population-based register, it is important to identify the target population under surveillance which should preferably cover a well-defined geographical and administrative area or region representative of the whole country for which population data and vital statistics (mortality and hospital discharge records at minimum) are routinely collected and easily available each year. All cases among residents should be recorded even if the case occurs outside the area. Validation of a sample of fatal and nonfatal events is mandatory.

While the regional distribution of non-native species is increasingly well documented for some taxa, global analyses of non-native species in local assemblages are still missing. Here, we use a worldwide collection of assemblages from five taxa - ants, birds, mammals, spiders and vascular plants - to assess whether the incidence, frequency and proportions of naturalised nonnative species depend on type and intensity of land use. In plants, assemblages of primary vegetation are least invaded. In the other taxa, primary vegetation is among the least invaded land-use types, but one or several other types have equally low levels of occurrence, frequency and proportions of non-native species. High land use intensity is associated with higher non-native incidence and frequency in primary vegetation, while intensity effects are inconsistent for other land-use types. These findings highlight the potential dual role of unused primary vegetation in preserving native biodiversity and in conferring resistance against biological invasions.

Using a multi-layer review based on stakeholder, institutional and legitimacy theories, the current study presents and empirically analyses a novel conceptual framework addressing the relationship between sustainable development practices, internationalization and students' satisfaction in public higher education institutions. Based on participants' self-perception, a questionnaire was distributed to 738 students at seven Portuguese public higher education institutions. Structural equation modeling was utilized to estimate the multivariate causal relationships. The evidence shows that SDP are positively, directly, and significantly related to internationalization and students' satisfaction. Students' satisfaction is directly and significantly associated with internationalization, also revealing a moderating effect on the relationship between sustainable development practices and internationalization. To achieve legitimacy among their stakeholders, public higher education institutions must build an institutional commitment to sustainability by adopting and disseminating sustainable development practices with actions on a livable campus.

The absence of vegetation in most ice-free areas of Antarctica makes the soil surface very sensitive to atmosphere dynamics, especially in the western sector of the Antarctic Peninsula, an area within the limits of the permafrost zone. To evaluate the possible effects of regional warming on frozen soils, we conducted an analysis of ground surface temperatures (GSTs) from 2007 to 2021 from different monitoring sites in Livingston and Deception islands (South Shetlands archipelago, Antarctica). The analysis of the interannual evolution of the GST and their daily regimes and the freezing and thawing indexes reveals that climate change is showing impacts on seasonal and perennially frozen soils. Freezing Degree Days (FDD) have decreased while Thawing Degree Day (TDD) have increased during the study period, resulting in a balance that is already positive at the sites at lower elevations. Daily freeze–thaw cycles have been rare and absent since 2014. Meanwhile, the most common thermal regimes are purely frozen – F1 (daily temperatures < = 0.5C), isothermal – IS (ranging between 0.5C to +0.5C), and purely thawed – T1 (> = +0.5C). A decrease in F1 days has been observed, while the IS and T1 days increased by about 60 days between 2007 and 2021. The annual number of days with snow cover increased between 2009 and 2014 and decreased since then. The GST and the daily thermal regimes evolution point to general heating, which may be indicative of the degradation of the frozen soils in the study area.

O estudo dos sedimentos estuarino-lagunares de Almargem e Martinhal permitiram distinguir depósitos sedimentares de tsunami de depósitos de tempestade, a partir da análise microfaunística. Foram analisadas 31 amostras representativas das condições de sedimentação associadas ao ambiente estuarino-lagunar, ao depósito do tsunami de 1º Nov.1755 e a depósitos de tempestades. Nestas amostras foi possível identificar 10 530 foraminíferos, representando mais de 30 géneros e de 50 espécies, e 5 721ostracodos, repartidos por mais de 20 géneros e de 25 espécies. Os dois tipos de depósitos de alta energia podem distinguir-se considerando a percentagem de carapaças de foraminíferos fracturadas e com marcas de abrasão (>2% nos depósitos de tempestade), de espécies marinhas vs. espécies de alto sapal e de espécies planctónicas (>13% no depósito de tsunami). A “população” de ostracodos contribui para a separação destes 2 tipos de depósitos analisando a percentagem de indivíduos marinhos, (ausentes nos depósitos de tempestade) e o número de espécies (2 vezes maior na base do depósito de tsunami, relativamente aos depósitos de tempestade). No paul do Martinhal as espécies margino-marinhas estão presentes em todas as amostras, o que associado ao reduzido número de foraminíferos e de ostracodos tornou a análise dos depósitos de alta energia mais desafiadora. A análise estatística multivariada permitiu, no entanto, distinguir estes dois tipos de depósitos. Apesar de muito reduzida, a “população” de ostracodos, também revela que as condições marinhas estiveram presentes ao longo de todo o registo. Estes dados sugerem que, devido à presença de uma barreira pouco elevada no Martinhal, a ocorrência de galgamentos oceânicos foi mais frequente do que em Almargem, onde o contexto geomorfológico (barreira com cotas mais altas) permitiu o maior isolamento ambiental da laguna de Almargem e a distinção entre os dois tipos de depósitos de alta energia.

Esta Dissertação pretende analisar pintura contemporânea portuguesa do final do século XX, mais precisamente arte proveniente das décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980. Temos o intuito de dar a conhecer as práticas de pintura de expressão Shaped Canvas e de cariz Hard Edge realizadas em Portugal, cuja existência passa quase despercebida no panorama artístico nacional, mas que se demonstram muito notórias e reverenciadas no seu contexto norte americano. Neste estudo buscamos definir as linhas de criação e evolução destas práticas artísticas em Portugal e apontar os artistas que com elas se identificaram e expressaram. Através deste estudo procuramos conhecer como estas práticas artísticas, Shaped Canvas e Hard Edge, se definiram e manifestaram no contexto artístico norte americano. Buscamos inteirarmo-nos quanto ao seu desenvolvimento original, aos seus movimentos artísticos antecessores, aos seus intervenientes nos Estados Unidos da América (E.U.A.) e, por fim, analisaremos a sua presença e impacto em Portugal e as exposições que proporcionaram a sua divulgação e os artistas que produziram arte associável a estas práticas de pintura. Tais práticas são alusivas ao abstracionismo, em concreto ao abstracionismo de expressão geométrica, que em Portugal tem a capacidade de romper com a mais rígida e acanhada cultura artística do Estado Novo, abrindo portas para a cultura de vanguarda em Portugal. Relativamente às práticas artísticas de expressão Shaped Canvas e de cariz Hard Edge, identificamos que existiram em Portugal diversos artistas que lhes dedicaram episódios da sua obra e pensamento artísticos. Estes terão sido Jorge Pinheiro, António Palolo e Fernando Calhau, e também, de modo mais exíguo, os artistas Ângelo de Sousa, Armando Alves, Manuel Baptista, Pires Vieira e Irene Buarque. Pretendemos ainda contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento sobre as práticas artísticas Shaped Canvas e Hard Edge, tanto nacional como internacionalmente, procurando entender como estas chegaram ao pensamento e consideração dos diversos artistas nacionais mencionados, que dissemelhanças manifestaram no meio português e qual o seu impacto para a sociedade artística da época e para a globalidade da História da Arte Portuguesa.

O presente relatório tem por base o estágio curricular efetuado na empresa Sintagma – Traduções Unipessoal, Lda, com a duração total de 303 horas, no âmbito do Mestrado em Tradução da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, que teve especial foco na tradução e legendagem. Neste relatório, são relacionados os conhecimentos teóricopráticos adquiridos ao longo do primeiro ano do Mestrado nos seminários de Tradução Audiovisual I e II e o trabalho prático realizado durante o período de estágio. No estágio, foi realizada a tradução e legendagem de diversos tipos de peças, maioritariamente do inglês para o português e, ainda, uma peça do italiano para o português, incluindo documentários e excertos de séries em pequenos vídeos. Também foram realizadas tarefas de transcrição e de legendagem para teletexto, todas em português. O relatório é constituído por uma introdução, três capítulos principais e uma conclusão. Nos três capítulos principais, além da apresentação da entidade onde foi efetuado o estágio e do trabalho desenvolvido durante o mesmo, (i) são abordadas questões gerais da Tradução Audiovisual, como a sua origem e evolução, a sua definição e a sua separação da Adaptação; (ii) são expostas e analisadas em detalhe várias questões linguísticas, assim como as estratégias utilizadas para resolver os problemas encontrados, divididas em tarefas de tradução e legendagem, transcrição e legendagem para teletexto; (iii) é feito um agrupamento das questões linguísticas previamente apresentadas por tipos; e (iv) são brevemente apresentadas e analisadas duas questões técnicas, descrevendo as estratégias utilizadas para a sua resolução.

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