RCAAP Repository

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This dissertation (re-)constructs the ‘bio/careerographies’ of the writer Virgínia de Castro e Almeida (Lisbon, 1874 – 1945) and the performer Helena Cortesina (Valencia, 1903 – Buenos Aires, 1984). Coming from different backgrounds, both women owned film production companies in which they played various decision-taking roles during the early years of 1920s in Portugal and Spain, respectively. Although they developed long international and intermedia professional careers, their life-stories have largely remained untold. In this dissertation, I reflect on the reasons behind their absence in film histories looking at the historiographical, conceptual and methodological challenges that the research and narration of their ‘careerographies’ entails. In this sense, I problematize the conventional film history-writing, proposing a ‘new cinema history from below’ approach. Also, I identify traditional categories of ‘authorship’, ‘woman’ and ‘pioneer’ as frames that limit the inscription into silent cinema histories only to those cases that conform to a certain nationalistic and individualistic narrative of success or heroicism. Furthermore, I describe core characteristics of film historiography, such as its dependence on film as source, its territorial delimitation, and its focus on cinema’s specificity as medium, as methodological problems that prevented Almeida’s and Cortesina’s stories to be appreciated. Finally, using a comparative perspective, I analyse the characteristics that allowed Almeida and Cortesina to overcome difficulties and be among the few women that achieved film-making in the Iberian countries during the silent cinema period. In that sense, I identify the two models of access to film-making they represent. Moreover, I argue that it was the affective relationship of ‘relational autonomy’ they established with their matrilineal caring network which provided the security they needed for their leap into cinema. However, their familial film production system proved to be ineffective in a growing male-centered capitalist and professionalized film industries.

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Os problemas da pobreza e da insegurança alimentar são cada vez menos vistos como questões que só acontecem nos países em desenvolvimento, mas instalam-se cada vez mais como realidade dos países desenvolvidos e industrializados, sobretudo nos últimos vinte anos, em consequência da crise financeira e económica e das dívidas soberanas (entre 2008 e 2014) e, a partir de 2020, da crise sanitária da Covid-19. Esta sequência de crises tem trazido graves custos sociais, económicos e de saúde pública para governos e cidadãos. Neste capítulo, apresento e analiso alguns dados recolhidos para Portugal no âmbito do projeto «Famílias e Pobreza Alimentar».

Neste capítulo discuto o percurso atribulado da etnografia para balizar a compreensão da ondjala, da fome como idioma social, vigente ainda hoje no contexto rural do Sul de Angola, extensa região multi-étnica de maioria Bantu. Esboço uma historiografia de abordagens etnográficas que explique ressonâncias e dissonâncias, para delinear o que chamo de uma socialidade da escassez de uma perspetiva regional, através da crescente interligação entre história e ecologia. A apreensão progressiva das relações entre modos de produção e ecologia num tempo longo nesta região geográfica e humanamente diversa oferece uma lição de história da etnografia e de interdisciplinaridade para a compreensão de fenómenos temporais díspares que têm regulado muitas das vivências das comunidades rurais.

Objective: Empirical research to differentiate casual sex scripts is still limited. We aimed to ascertain the sexual scripts for three main types of casual sexual relationships: hookup, friends with benefits and one-night stands. Methods: Through a mixed-method approach, we performed a study consisting in two sequential tasks to (1) complete three lists of script actions, and (2) identify the most agreed-upon actions for each casual sexual relationship. Results: An important number of actions and events were identified for the three casual sexual scripts, reflecting a high level of elaboration and structure. Following a cognitive-script methodology, the actions retained for the content of the script for each casual sexual relationship were those obtaining at least 60% in respect to the mean of their centrality to the encounter. Only 16.5% of actions were shared among the three scripts, demonstrating their distinctiveness. Conclusion: Knowledge about the different casual sex scripts can be used to develop relational and personal skills within CSRs and decrease unwanted experiences such as condomless sex.

A previously healthy 36-year-old Caucasian Portuguese male patient presented to the Dermatology clinic with a 5-day history of multiple painful and itchy papules on his feet. Two weeks earlier, he had travelled to Saint Thomas and Prince Islands, where he played football without wearing shoes. He had been observed four days earlier in another hospital for a similar lesion on his left ankle.

Introduction: In the context of climate emergency, advances in geographic information systems, geocoding, and geomedicine allow us to go beyond the conventional usual scales and be aligned with people’s needs, improving knowledge and accuracy of the spatial pattern of health outcomes. This study shows that the geographical scale of analysis affects the interpretation of health outcomes. Methods: All mortality that occurred in Portugal in 2014–2017 was geocoded. From 435,291 addresses, 412,608 were geocoded with success. As an example, we use the spatial patterns of the elderly’s heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality. Results: It is shown: (i) it is possible to have high quality and accuracy of spatial data used in health outcomes analysis; (ii) how geographic scales reveal different degrees of detail in health outcomes analysis; (iii) the neighbourhood scale revealed different patterns of cardiorespiratory mortality from the usually available scale (parish). Discussion: Our findings suggest the relevance of geocoding health outcomes with a finer scale in tackling the challenges of the healthcare sector, and in support of planning decision-making, closely matching citizens’ needs. Without running the risk of losing potentially major prospects, better healthcare management is achievable, with optimal resource allocation, and improved detailed and informed policymaking, allowing enhanced climate health equity in cities promotion.

Será que os portugueses são mesmo peixes-canibais como os moçambicanos achavam? Afinal, quem come quem? Que sentido fazem essas narrativas de circulação de substâncias corporais que se encontram um pouco por todo o mundo onde houve portugueses? Chegado a Moçambique, depois de mais de duas décadas de ausência, percebi que transportava em mim mesmo sinais que espoletavam nos meus anfitriões um sentimento de familiaridade transcolonial que nem sempre era agradável. Reúno neste livro uma série de ensaios onde analiso os tortuosos périplos da transcolonialidade, isto é, os espaços onde os impérios e as hegemonias se cruzam e onde as pessoas e os grupos se movem no interior do capitalismo global.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are still a significant cause of death and hospitalization. In 2019, circulatory diseases were responsible for 29.9% of deaths in Portugal. These diseases have a significant impact on the hospital length of stay. Length of stay predictive models is an efficient way to aid decision-making in health. This study aimed to validate a predictive model on the extended length of stay in patients with acute myocardial infarction at the time of admission. Methods: An analysis was conducted to test and recalibrate a previously developed model in the prediction of prolonged length of stay, for a new set of population. The study was conducted based on administrative and laboratory data of patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction events from a public hospital in Portugal from 2013 to 2015. Results: Comparable performance measures were observed upon the validation and recalibration of the predictive model of extended length of stay. Comorbidities such as shock, diabetes with complications, dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema, and respiratory infections were the common variables found between the previous model and the validated and recalibrated model for acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Predictive models for the extended length of stay can be applied in clinical practice since they are recalibrated and modeled to the relevant population characteristics.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas importantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica disponível. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).

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Introduction: Evidence supporting transmural remission (TR) as a long-term treatment target in Crohn's disease (CD) is still unavailable. Less stringent but more reachable targets such as isolated endoscopic (IER) or radiologic remission (IRR) may also be acceptable options in the long-term. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study including 404 CD patients evaluated by magnetic resonance enterography and colonoscopy. Five-year rates of hospitalization, surgery, use of steroids, and treatment escalation were compared between patients with TR, IER, IRR, and no remission (NR). Results: 20.8% of CD patients presented TR, 23.3% IER, 13.6% IRR and 42.3% NR. TR was associated with lower risk of hospitalization (odds-ratio [OR] 0.244 [0.111-0.538], p < 0.001), surgery (OR 0.132 [0.030-0.585], p = 0.008), steroid use (OR 0.283 [0.159-0.505], p < 0.001), and treatment escalation (OR 0.088 [0.044-0.176], p < 0.001) compared to no NR. IRR resulted in lower risk of hospitalization (OR 0.333 [0.143-0.777], p = 0.011) and treatment escalation (OR 0.260 [0.125-0.540], p < 0.001), while IER reduced the risk of steroid use (OR 0.442 [0.262-0.745], p = 0.002) and treatment escalation (OR 0.490 [0.259-0.925], p = 0.028) compared to NR. Conclusions: TR improved clinical outcomes over 5 years of follow-up in CD patients. Distinct but significant benefits were seen with IER and IRR. This suggests that both endoscopic and radiologic remission should be part of the treatment targets of CD.

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Esta reflexão resulta do contacto de alguns anos com a formação avançada politécnica e universitária, enquanto docente, orientador e membro de júris académicos. A diversidade de ambientes académicos, de perspetivas e filosofias formativas, bem como de dissertações e teses, tornaram claro ao autor destas linhas a singularidade de investigar dentro da grande área de conhecimento que os mecanismos de organização académica, em regra, classificam como Humanidades e Artes e, dentro deste grande território, no campo extraordinariamente ativo e movediço da educação artística.

A pintura e a vida dos artistas como tema fílmico não podem deixar de nos parecer uma espécie de palimpsesto. Nesse raspar (sobre a História da Arte...) para se escrever de novo, o cinema não imita (nem poderá jamais fazê-lo), antes recria. Achamos que é um especial veículo de pedagogia cultural, ainda que, certamente, tenda para (por vezes exageradamente) heroicizar artistas e correntes artísticas, acaba no fundo por ser a única forma de acesso a esse conhecimento para um público que não frequentou Faculdades de Belas-Artes, ou não possui em casa nenhuma coleção de biografias de artistas, ou nenhum manual de História da Arte. Muito menos está habituado a frequentar museus, galerias ou centros de arte.

Over the recent years, increasing evidence has strengthen the concept that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosis is preceded by dysregulated immune pathways, altered intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, and other pathogenic mechanisms, that set the stage for disease to become clinically manifest. Understanding this preclinical period1 can help deconvolute IBD pathogenesis, lead to prediction tools, novel therapeutic strategies, and preventive interventions.

Short nighttime sleep duration impairs the immune response to virus vaccination, and long nighttime sleep duration is associated with poor health status. Thus, we hypothesized that short (<6 h) and long (>9 h) nighttime sleepers have a higher post-COVID risk than normal nighttime sleepers, despite two doses of mRNA vaccine (which has previously been linked to lower odds of long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms). Post-COVID was defined as experiencing at least one core COVID-19 symptom for at least three months (e.g., shortness of breath). Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and other factors showed in 9717 respondents (age span 18-99) that two mRNA vaccinations lowered the risk of suffering from post-COVID by about 21% (p < 0.001). When restricting the analysis to double-vaccinated respondents (n = 5918), short and long sleepers exhibited a greater post-COVID risk than normal sleepers (adjusted OR [95%-CI], 1.56 [1.29, 1.88] and 1.87 [1.32, 2.66], respectively). Among respondents with persistent sleep duration patterns during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic, short but not long sleep duration was significantly associated with the post-COVID risk (adjusted OR [95%-CI], 1.59 [1.24, 2.03] and 1.18 [0.70, 1.97], respectively). No significant association between sleep duration and post-COVID symptoms was observed in those reporting positive SARS-CoV-2 test results (n = 538). Our findings suggest that two mRNA vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are associated with a lower post-COVID risk. However, this protection may be less pronounced among those sleeping less than 6 h per night. Our findings warrant replication in cohorts with individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a progressive disease which, although rare, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality when left untreated. It is characterized by the obstruction of the pulmonary arterial vasculature by organized thrombotic material, with consequent fibrotic reaction, intimal thickening, vascular remodeling, and plexiform lesions, leading to increased resistance and pressure in pulmonary circulation, right heart overload, right ventricular failure, and death.1 Pulmonary arterial endarterectomy (PEA) surgery is the first-line therapy which, when performed in experienced centers, has hospital mortality of less than 5% and provides hemodynamic and functional improvement with good long-term survival.2 Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an alternative approach in inoperable or residual/recurrent CTEPH patients after PEA, with favorable results in terms of functional clinical improvement, exercise capacity, haemodynamics and survival.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may reportedly occur after a coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection, but the available evidence is scattered. Here we sought to understand the acute and mid-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on cardiovascular autonomic function. Methods: We performed a systematic PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and bioRxiv search for cases of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction during an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or post-COVID-19 condition. The clinical-demographic characteristics of individuals in the acute versus post-COVID-19 phase were compared. Results: We screened 6470 titles and abstracts. Fifty-four full-length articles were included in the data synthesis. One-hundred and thirty-four cases were identified: 81 during the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (24 thereof diagnosed by history) and 53 in the post-COVID-19 phase. Post-COVID-19 cases were younger than those with cardiovascular autonomic disturbances in the acute SARS-CoV-2 phase (42 vs. 51 years old, p = 0.002) and were more frequently women (68% vs. 49%, p = 0.034). Reflex syncope was the most common cardiovascular autonomic disorder in the acute phase (p = 0.008) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) the most frequent diagnosis in individuals with post-COVID-19 orthostatic complaints (p < 0.001). Full recovery was more frequent in individuals with acute versus post-COVID-19 onset of cardiovascular autonomic disturbances (43% vs. 15%, p = 0.002). Conclusions: There is evidence from the scientific literature about different types of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction developing during and after COVID-19. More data about the prevalence of autonomic disorders associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed to quantify its impact on human health.