RCAAP Repository

The transparency of governmental actions is foundational for the strengthening of the relations between State and society, however studies carried out in the branches of the three levels of government of the Brazilian Federation administration reveals formalistic transparency praxis. This evidenced formalism and the characteristics of the judiciary, which confront the widespread dissemination of information, instigated our analysis of how State Courts of Justice comply with the demands of transparency foreseen in the legislation. The research results demonstrate that the State Judiciary did not adequately comply with the transparency requirements foreseen in the legislation and is barely committed to democratic issues.

This research aims to demonstrate how management control in Public Administration can apply remote sensing through free satellite images as a tool for digital transformation, generating savings and efficiency. The work is based on a pilot project under development at the National Electric Energy Agency for the inspection of the works of photovoltaic power generation plants under implementation. The results obtained signal the potential for enrichment that the use of images brings to management control processes in Public Administration, to the strengthening of accountability in the public sector and to the positive effect of digital transformation as a simple and modern inspection tool, providing economy and efficiency to public control.

This work aims to propose the recognition of public policies on open environmental data, not on the data themselves or on government databases, but on the existence of complementary dynamics between public environmental policies, open environmental data and open data public policies. So far, these latest policies are either nonexistent or incipient or unreliable, despite their weight on the sustainability and the future of any society and economy.

This study analyses the evolution of the concept of social management from 1990-2018 to verify the degree of consensus on its constituent elements in order to propose an updated concept. A meta-analysis of 94 definitions of social management was performed using as three techniques, co-words analysis, content analysis, and the consensus analysis based on the Kappa index. The results showed that the social management concept has evolved regarding academic consensus over the years, but still is a pre-paradigmatic field since the consensus among authors about their key-terms does not overtake a moderate level. The findings indicated more degree of agreement on for who is addressed to social management, what is its locus, and that it is a differentiated model of management. However, this differential is based on theoretical characteristics that attribute a high degree of abstraction on the construct. To remove it from this stage there should be a consensus on the way to performed social management happen, nevertheless in the lexical deconstruction carry out to a content analysis, the verb category (action) was the one that presented the lowest consensus among the authors. The study contributed to the literature of the field by offering an integrative concept based on the elements of the higher level of agreement among researchers. Also, the paper provides a systematic analysis and state-of-the-art of the fundamental component of a field of study: its concept.

The document presents an account of the main theoretical models of fiscal decentralization and its impact on the demographic composition of the regions in each country, contrasting it with urban primacy and macrocephaly theories, with a special emphasis on their incidence in Latin America. Through data analysis and literature review, it was found that the incidence of public spending and subnational taxation on the reduction of urban primacy was only statistically significant in countries outside the Latin American context, which reinforces the call to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and the construction of theoretical and analytical models that lead to a more efficient decentralized public expenditure that contributes to the reduction of urban primacy in Latin America.

In education policies, starting in the 2000s, there is an approximation with the philanthropy sector seeking to increase the quality of education through collaborations and focus on results, with emphasis on evaluations within the system. Despite the influence of philanthropy, the field has been marked by a multiplicity of actors and multiple institutional logics, linked to state, professional and market action, which become more prominent as local contexts of implementation are observed. At the implementation  level of public policy, contexts are more diverse, including more actors and local influences, characterizing this environment as high institutional complexity. In the interaction of the direct actions of the philanthropy in the projects of strengthening of the management of education policies, it is possible to differentiate professionals of the education and the education managers. In the context of these projects, it were observed practices that seek to increase the compatibility of logics, mainly in the interactions between philanthropy professionals and education managers and in and the way of choosing and structuring projects by the philanthropy.

This article discusses organizational competences in public administration. The objective is to comprehend the organizational competences developed by ENAP as a government school. To fulfill this objective, a historical theoretical-methodological approach was applied, using documental research and interview with thematic oral history as information gathering techniques; and documental analysis and thematic analysis as analytical techniques. In this historical comprehension,  having the ENAP brand, forming competence for administration, being a space for the meeting of competences and interpreting demands were considered as organizational competences developed by ENAP in the fulfillment of its purpose as a government school. Adaptive, emergent and incremental processes marked the history of these organizational competences which made of ENAP a school of government.

This paper addresses the concept of state-corporate crime with the goal of providing a research agenda to stimulate research talks about the production of corporate crime through the interaction between business corporations and state agencies. After presenting the literature review on the topic, we structured the research agenda for the Brazilian context, based on the sub-classification of state-corporate crime: (1) state-facilitated crimes and (2) state-initiated crimes. Following Burrell and Morgan's (1979) typology of sociological paradigms, we articulated the two classifications with two perspectives (critical and instrumental), resulting in four focal points represented in the quadrants: (1) permit regimes, (2) poor state regulation, (3) criminal status, and (4) police state.

The study sought to identify the main barriers to the implementation of the More Doctors Program (PMM) in the context of municipalities that adhered to public policies. From a total of 200 audit reports of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU), 197 were selected from municipalities of various states and the Federal District, from January to December 2015. There were 461 occurrences identified in 153 municipal reports. Most of them were from municipalities with up to 50 thousand inhabitants, from entities located in the Northeast of the country and those classified in the PMM profile as 20% poverty. The findings identified that 70% of barriers are organizational in nature followed by individual barriers. They indicate the need for improvements in the articulation and agreement of the actors involved in the institutional arrangement for better implementation of the PMM so that they will not compromise their performance.

This article addresses the potential of national policy councils to contribute to the inclusion of a multidimensional perspective in the promotion of child development. To investigate this possibility, research was conducted to verify  whether the early childhood intersectoral program “Brasil Carinhoso” has been discussed within the policy councils to which it is related (health, education, social welfare and women's policy) and, if so, how this discussion occurred.  An analysis of the legal framework and of the minutes of the council meetings from 2012 to 2015 was carried out and little     evidence was found of discussions related to the program within the councils. It was concluded that the deliberations did not follow a cross-sectoral approach and that the actions of each council were limited to their own sectors of intervention.

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Economic globalization and the breakthrough of neoliberal policies in the world, together with the privatization of healthcare services and the conflict between available resources and spending, has led to further questioning about the maintenance of the welfare state. The objectives of the research have been: to identify the consequences that have resulted from the international economic crisis, triggered in 2007-2008, and neoliberal policies in the Spanish healthcare system from 2013 to date; to know its existing situation; and, to make a proposal for improvements. It was assumed that the budget cut applied as a result of the global and national economic crisis could have been decisive to deconstruct the system and increase the number of private healthcare services. A documentary analysis of the studies and reports carried out by prestigious analysts was used, as well as those prepared by different public and private organizations related to the sector. The results highlight the good healthcare status of the SNS, although it is necessary to address a series of reforms (financing, planning, professional, medication policy or information systems, among others), and the inexorable need for a State Pact for the Healthcare.

This paper is the result of a case study on the experience of Volta Redonda / RJ, assuming the Urban Development Council (CMDU) as an empirical object. The goal is to analyze the meanings of social participation and their implications for the CMDU's performance as a council capable of restricting or favoring the construction of a democratic-participatory model. The CMDU integrated a set of civil society efforts dedicated to rethinking the city after the privatization of Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) in 1993, and to overcome historical divergences between sectors of local civil society, such as social movements and businessmen. As a methodological procedure, a predominantly qualitative approach was used based on semi-structured interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation. For data treatment, critical discourse analysis was used. When analyzing the CMDU experience, it is inferred that, despite the subjects' involvement in a participatory management model, this, ambivalently, can assume characteristics contrary to democratic deepening. The speeches collected reveal that the overlapping and ambiguities of different types of political projects are reflected in the CMDU's performance, attributing multiple directions to the sense of participation in the construction of a democratic-participatory model.

This essay aims to propose some hypotheses on economic and social behavior in a health crisis situation. These hypotheses are pertinent to the study of public policy formulation. The health crisis treated is that caused by covid-19. The narrated story takes place in Spain, in particular in Madrid. The method used is that of subjective oral history in the form of a script or partial application of storytelling. The analytical framework used is microeconomic models that deal with the tragedy of the commons, expanded economic behavior with altruism or limited self-interest. The summarized conclusions are the suggestions of hypotheses to be tested by experimental, statistical or ethnographic empirical methods.

This study aimed to identify the level of contribution of public policies adopted by the Brazilian government to promote sustainable consumption. Consumption levels and patterns in contemporary society are considered unsustainable, causing damage to society and the environment, which requires the adoption of actions and strategies that can promote sustainable consumption. In this process, governments are fundamental due to their strategic position and their ability to influence producers and consumers, balancing the relationship between them, adopting structuring policies capable of institutionalizing a national agenda focused on sustainability and creating a favorable context for changes in consumption practices. In methodological terms, we opted for conducting a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research, through documentary research. The results show that, despite the existence of public policies that contribute to the promotion of sustainable consumption, their lack of continuity may compromise possible positive effects in the long run; and that there is a big gap between the current scientific understanding of sustainable consumption and how this field is being articulated in policies implemented by the Brazilian Government.

A governança ambiental diz respeito aos processos e às instituições por meio dos quais os atores sociais – estatais e não estatais – se organizam e tomam decisões a respeito das questões ambientais (Moura, 2016; World Resources Institute, 2003). A complexidade e o caráter multiescalar dos problemas socioambientais colocam desafios que demandam ações coordenadas entre o Estado e a sociedade, para que caminhemos em direção a um desenvolvimento sustentável e socialmente justo. A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da Conferência da Rio-92 (Camargo, Capobianco & Puppim, 2004), o processo de criação de estruturas político-institucionais (Little, 2003) para viabilizar a implementação das políticas ambientais ganhou impulso no Brasil e, a despeito das lacunas e dificuldades (Moura 2016, World Resources Institute, 2003), apresentou avanços notáveis tanto no nível federal, quanto nos Estados. Além disso, novos arranjos de governança ambiental foram sendo experimentados e aperfeiçoados a partir do envolvimento de múltiplos atores sociais na criação de institucionalidades, para lidarem com as incertezas e complexidades das questões socioambientais (Castro & Futemma, 2015).

Research on participatory institutions consolidates institutional design and context as determining factors for the outputs and outcomes of participatory processes in the political sphere. This theoretical discussion adds the perspective of the agents' action, through discourse, to the traditional rationalist and sociological approaches as another determinant in the search for the effectiveness of participatory institutions. Finally, the Critical Discourse Analysis method is deepened as a possible tool for the application of the Discursive Neoinstitutionalist approach. A series of categories and subcategories has been structured that enable an analysis of the determinants of context, institutional design and discourse to reach four perspectives of effectiveness of participatory institutions. At last, some possible research fields relating determinants and effectiveness are presented. With the results presented, it is expected that a promising research agenda will be possible when considering the action of agents through discourse in the scope of participatory institutions.

The work aims at demonstrating the critical juncture in which Brazil has immersed since 2013 with street protests, including the 2014 election, Operation Car Wash, President Dilma's Impeachment, which culminated in the election of Bolsonaro. The elements of this situation are more related to a dispute between right- and left-wing positions, to a characterized way of life and centered on social networks, where politics and social life have been enthroned. In this sense, the idea of judicialized politics and institutions as elements that guarantee freedom of expression and the rule of law has been confusing and misinforming everyone.

This article aims to analyze the democratic innovations created during the candidacies and the collective mandates of the movement “Muitas pela cidade que queremos” (many for the city we want – in free translation) in Belo Horizonte. The “Muitas” movement emerged in the capital of Minas Gerais in 2015, with the aim of gathering actors from different social movements in order to build collective candidacies to compete in the 2016 municipal elections. With the campaign slogan “voted for one, voted for all”, twelve candidacies were launched, marked by progressive guidelines and by the representativeness of gender, race and sexual orientation. Two councilors were elected, who proposed a series of democratic innovations with the aim of sharing decision-making and carrying out an open and participatory mandate. Considering democracy, social participation and representation, as well as the concept of democratic innovations, this paper seeks to understand which and how such democratic innovations were built along the trajectory of the “Muitas” movement, as well as their democratizing potentials. For this, semi-structured interviews were made with a parliamentarian and activists, in addition to documentary research related to the experience. The article found that the proposed innovations contributed, despite their limitations, to oxygenate political representation and democratic institutions within the municipal legislative.

The State Participation Fund (FPE) has undergone a number of changes to its legislation, which have essentially sought to change the volume of resources making up the fund (vertical distribution) or to change the distribution rule for these resources (distribution horizontal). In the first case, the political context of greater or lesser centralization of power in the Union is decisive. In the second case, the explanation for the pattern of FPE sharing lies in the disproportionality of the political representation of the different regions in the National Congress and in the regionalist and non-cooperative sentiment that prevails in the federative relations in the country. This scenario helps to understand why attempts to change the system are blocked, even when the change starts from a judicial determination. The result is the construction of a skewed fund, which passes off a tax equalization system, as observable in the most advanced federations.