RCAAP Repository

Esta dissertação estuda a crítica de Derrida n'A voz e o fenómeno à teoria realista e identitativa da significação (Bedeutung) de Husserl desenvolvida na Primeira Investigação lógica, a qual segundo o autor francês depende do primado filosófico do princípio da presença intuitiva. Acompanhamos a contestação da atribuição husserliana à significação de uma condição atemporal e de uma independência ontológica relativamente ao acto que a confere, a sua defesa de que a expressão e a significação não são absolutamente distinguíveis de, e incluem em si, conjuntamente, os seguintes factores indicativo-empíricos: 1) o elemento sensível do signo linguístico, som ou escrita, nomeadamente na expressão enquanto forma ideal da palavra; 2) a manifestação e comunicação da vivência e do acto que conferem a significação, nomeadamente na consciência expressiva enquanto tal; 3) o restante conteúdo sensível e empírico da experiência ligada ao acto intencional, seja sensitivo, perceptivo, imaginativo ou mediata e potencialmente intentado, nomeadamente na significação ela mesma. Seguimos depois a análise por Derrida dos argumentos de Husserl para a exclusão da sensibilidade do signo da expressão, da comunicação da consciência expressiva, e aparentemente da expressão não objectivante do domínio da verdadeira expressão; discutimos os dois argumentos husserlianos a favor da idealidade pura da significação que não se desenvolvem totalmente de acordo com os princípios metodológicos por si afirmados da apreensão imediata‟ e da evidência‟; abordamos o tratamento pelo autor francês do problema que as expressões subjectivas e ocasionais colocam à posição husserliana; a visão de Derrida sobre a função da intuição na teoria husserliana da constituição da idealidade e da identidade da significação; a sua tese da impossibilidade da pontualidade pura do presente temporal e da positivação da possibilidade infinita da repetição, consideradas por si condições daquela constituição no processo de abstracção; a sua concepção da função da linguagem no processo de diferenciação e repetição que segundo ele impede a constituição da idealidade e identidade puras, estudando aí os conceitos de traço, diferança (différance) e suplementaridade de origem; finalmente, a sua hipótese de que a escrita é uma abertura comum da morte e da idealidade.

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From the 19th century to the present, museums and cinema have consolidated their presence in Western societies, proposing ways of seeing and thinking the world. The intersections between these two domains are increasingly as a matter of study and reflection. In this work, we intend to establish relationships between the museological area and the cinematographic art through the analysis of the representation of the museum space and its resources in moving images. We delimited the field of our study to Manoel de Oliveira's filmography, in which there is a tendency to give prominence to different museums. In this sense, we sought to understand how and in what context museums are present as a theme and as an element that participates in the construction of images and serves the artistic interests of the filmmaker. As an object of study, we chose the film The Day of Despair, a feature film that was filmed entirely in a house-museum, located in the house where the nineteenth century writer Camilo Castelo Branco lived and died, in Vila Nova de Famalicão. With regard to the study of the impacts of reality and the museological universe on films, we favored the analysis of the use of guided tours. This mediation tool, also used in museum´s contexts, incorporating the educational strategies of institutions, is reproduced in cinema as a means to address, present and convey information about museum spaces and objects. In this work, we are interested in understanding how the guided tour can contribute to the representation of museums in cinema

The anthropomorphic animal, a subject whose presence in different medium for the purpose of entertainment and artistic means, has been growing exponentially in the last decades thanks to its recognized versatility. Simultaneously, a field where its presence has gained great recognition, with the consequent evolution and transformation of the media, children's illustration, ends up having one of the largest and most diversified repertoires in relation to how the anthropomorphic animal is represented. Recognizing the children's book as a teaching tool and the anthropomorphic animal as a guardian of a power of synthesis that has been built over the years, a work that reveals Man's lack of creating narratives and stories about the world that inspires him, they are authentic protagonists present in many of the lessons that daily life makes essential and that prevailin the reader's memory throughout his life. However, as a result of the didactic functions associated with the children's book, the illustrated anthropomorphic animal is also the target of various annotations that question its credibility and pedagogical power over the targeted audience. In this way, questioning the influences that go beyond the concept of anthropomorphism in children's illustration becomes evident. This document intends to deconstruct and analyze the bridge between the anthropomorphic phenomenon and children's illustration, while questioning the various allegations that put into perspective the credibility and usage of the anthropomorphic animal in the illustrated album. Ending with the development of a practical project that aims to apply all the information gathered in the theoretical component of the project work. the author seeks to translate the image of the anthropomorphic animal as a reflection of the reader himself and the pages of the book as the edges that can build a stimulating scenario for children

This dissertation presents both the role of the subject in relation to the arts, as well as that of the curator, in order to understand the evolutionary relationship between the two and how this relationship with the pieces of art is managed. The approach to the problem will be made through the historical moment that is given the appreciation of the subject, which consists of the birth of aesthetics, the study of the beautiful, the acquiring of taste, contemplation of the sublime and finally the understanding of the aesthetic experience. With the arrival of these mechanisms of appreciation of the subject, the conception of art as well as its exhibition changes, therefore, the artistic objects that follow aim at a relationship with the public and, in some cases, an awareness of its denial. This world that relates with the receiver and the form of reception enters into a sphere of subjectivization, creating a series of microworlds and endless alternatives. Art separates itself from the representations with religious and historical themes, starting to elevate senses and seeking to provoke experiences on the observer or, in other words, to stimulate the senses in the one who observes. Art ceased to have its limits visible and became an open space for discussion, this attitude provoked a need for the existence of an entity that is capable of discerning what art is, according to the new dilemmas, and "why", so the role of the curator expands, and he creates the spectacle of art. This spectacle of art interferes in the dynamic between the public and the pieces of art that are exhibited, in other words, the curator becomes the mediating figure between the relationship of the subject who observes and the piece of art that is observed, leading the observer, using certain curatorial strategies. In this way, the subject's relationship with the works and the curator's intervening role are problematized, so that an evolutionary understanding of the relationship between the two is possible and how this connection with the work is induced. Two examples of exhibitions that differ from each other were selected for analysis, where the induction through a curatorial strategy is evident and assumed, whether through reports, speeches or records: — Two historical exhibitions, Entartete Kunst and Mark Rothko, considering that they present the two extremes that represent two typologies of curatorial strategy whose purpose to induce is, on the one hand positive and, on the other, negative in relation to the result caused in the reception by the subject.The analysis of the curator's work in some selected exhibitions exposes the various strategies used, revealing the process, and understanding the limits and responsibilities of the curator. In other words, it translates into the study of curatorial practice that is based on two specific cases of curatorship analyzing and detecting in what way the observer is induced, questioning the curator’s conveyance, that is, to what extent the piece of art is denoted, or if it loses its real aggregate sense? Essentially, it is a weighting on the relation between the curator and a piece of art, likewise the aesthetic implications from this induction.

Pollination by bees is a vital service for the maintenance of many ecosystems around the world. However, the lack of available information on the diversity and habits of wild bees, coupled with the pressure of human activity on their natural habitats, puts the survival of these pollinators at risk. In Portugal, there are few studies related to wild bees, and currently there is only a provisional list of all species identified so far, which has already registered about 700 species. As a strategy to raise the awareness of the general population on the subject, the development of an illustrated guide on bee diversity in Portugal was proposed. The present work is part of this future guide and is focussed to develop a series of illustrations of native plants in the Portuguese territory that have a direct relationship with the bee species presented in the publication. In order to promote a detailed documentation from the visual representation of each species and as a way to combine scientific knowledge with the field of arts, scientific illustration methodologies were used. For this purpose, information was gathered, in the theoretical scope, regarding Botanical Art - the field of scientific illustration dedicated to the vegetable kingdom - and the basic morphology of plants, in search of contributions that would help conduct the project in a more consistent way in its practical component. It is hoped that the illustrations resulting from this research may help to spread the knowledge and preserve the memory of the plants discussed here and their relationship with the bee species native to Portugal.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas interessantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).

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Introdução: Devido à natureza da profissão, os estudantes de saúde oral estão expostos a doenças infeciosas como a COVID-19 e a pandemia apresenta vários desafios para as instituições de ensino de saúde oral a nível mundial. As perceções dos estudantes sobre os efeitos da pandemia na educação são um assunto importante para a contínua melhoria deste processo. Objetivos: Pretendeu-se conhecer, nos estudantes dos cursos de pré-graduação da FMDUL, 1) as medidas adotadas para a prevenção do contágio por SARS-CoV-2; 2) as perceções sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem à distância; 3) as perceções sobre os fatores de risco sentidos durante as aulas presenciais práticas; 4) a opinião sobre os fatores que afetaram o seu desempenho académico durante a pandemia. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, tendo sido aplicado um questionário via on-line aos estudantes, entre abril e maio de 2021. Foi recolhida informação sobre características sociodemográficas, atitudes de prevenção do contágio, componente social académica e perceções de aprendizagem relativas ao ensino à distância e presencial. Foi efetuada a análise descritiva de todas as variáveis. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 200 estudantes, com uma idade média de 21,8 (dp=3,8) anos. Observou-se uma frequência muito elevada de atitudes de prevenção como o uso de máscara (79,0%). Quase metade (44,0%) considerou que as aulas teóricas e teórico-práticas à distância foram um substituto válido das aulas presenciais. Dos que frequentaram momentos letivos presenciais, a maioria discordou (53,0%) que a sua saúde se encontrava em maior risco por ter aulas laboratoriais, enquanto 49,5% dos que tiveram aulas clínicas concordaram com a afirmação. A pandemia afetou negativamente o seu desempenho académico geral (58,5%), sendo relatado como principais motivos a falta de prática e a ansiedade. Conclusão: De um modo geral, a pandemia COVID-19 afetou negativamente o desempenho académico dos estudantes, trazendo diversos desafios para o ensino.

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Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) nos praticantes de tiro com armas de caça. Materiais e Métodos: Numa amostra não probabilística de 30 praticantes de tiro realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal, do tipo analítico utilizando o questionário CPD/DTM, um questionário de treino específico e fotografias das estruturas maxilofaciais como sugerido em estudos prévios, com consentimento por escrito de todos os participantes. Para análise estatística optou-se por testes não paramétricos. Resultados: 30 atiradores, com uma média de idades de 36,93  20,28 anos sendo a maioria (27) do género masculino. Na amostra, 14 atletas praticavam tiro há mais de 10 anos e a modalidade mais praticada foi o Fosso Olímpico com 19 atletas. O zumbido nos ouvidos foi a alteração mais relatada (10) associada a atiradores de lazer, p=0,014. O som articular mais prevalente foi o estalido bilateral. Diagnosticou- se DTM do tipo II em 9 praticantes, sendo o deslocamento do disco com redução a condição mais prevalente e associado aos que praticavam há mais de 10 anos e a atiradores de Trap. Os atletas apresentaram faces clinicamente simétricas (1,82), contudo, os que praticam a modalidade de Trap, assim como os atiradores decenários revelaram uma assimetria superior com 2,61º e 2,07, respetivamente. Conclusão: Não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre ser atleta da seleção, o tipo de modalidade e a frequência da prática para o diagnóstico de DTM (p> 0,05). Mais estudos são necessários para aferir a relação deste desporto de impacto com possíveis efeitos colaterais no sistema estomatognático.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome after dental extractions of cats with FCGS infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A retrospective case series included cats with diagnosis of FCGS, availability of detailed clinical records, full-mouth dental radiographs, and retroviral disease test results. Effectiveness of surgical treatment (EOT) was registered. Three groups were defined: control, FIV and FeLV. In this study, 111 cats were included: 60 controls, 29 FIV- and 22 FeLV-positive cats. When compared with control cases, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less proliferative stomatitis lesions, and they tended to have more lingual ulcers. Concurrently, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less tooth resorptive lesions. No other significant differences in FCGS clinical signs were found between groups. FeLV-positive cats had a significantly worse outcome after dental extractions compared to the other groups. In fact, FeLV-positive cats had 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement after dental extractions. This study concludes that the response to dental extractions in FeLV-positive cats is significantly worse, when comparing to cats that do not carry retroviral disease. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the effect of FeLV status on the prognosis of these cats.

Os artigos inseridos neste volume abrangem: um trabalho sobre o papel determinante que o factor motivacional pode desempenhar no processo de aprendizagem de uma língua; uma análise de marcadores de controlo de contacto na língua portuguesa em contexto de reuniões empresariais; uma abordagem do uso de estrangeirismos em processos de comunicação relacionados com três campos de actividade distintos; uma investigação sobre várias versões de traduções técnicas de inglês para português e as implicações decorrentes da sua falta de adaptação a diferentes realidades culturais e linguísticas; e, ainda, um estudo das dificuldades de compreensão do discurso científico e tecnológico enquanto factor de exclusão.

Herein, we describe a case report of a critically ill patient, a 48-year-old man without comorbidities admitted to the hospital with a serious type 1 (hypoxemic) respiratory insufficiency and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. After 5 days with invasive mechanical ventilation, the patient developed a bacterial co-infection, namely a pneumonia by Hafnia alvei, requiring the last line of respiratory support: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Subsequently, his clinical situation gradually stabilized, until he was discharged from the hospital on day 61, being accompanied in ambulatory consultation by the physical medicine and pulmonology department during the post-COVID-19 recovery. H. alvei is a Gram-negative bacterium that is rarely isolated from human specimens and is rarely considered to be pathogenic. However, COVID-19 disease can cause substantial organ dysfunction and can be associated with bacterial secondary infections which can favor the emergence of rare infectious diseases by uncommon microorganisms.

To determine the association between hyperglycemia, glycated albumin (GlyA) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Prospective study of all infants under ROP screening from March 2017 to July 2019. All demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Glucose was measured at birth and every 8 h for the first week and serum GlyA was evaluated at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after birth. Reference range for GlyA was obtained. Univariate logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for ROP followed by multivariate regression. A total of 152 infants were included in the study. Median gestational age was 30 weeks and median birth weight 1240 g. Thirty-three infants (21.7%) had ROP. Hyperglycemia was present in 24 (72.7%) infants diagnosed with any ROP versus 6 (0.05%) in those without ROP. Median GlyA at birth, 1st, 2nd and 4th and respective reference ranges were 8.50% (6.00-12.65), 8.20% (5.32-11.67), 8.00% (5.32-10.00) and 7.90% (5.30-9.00) respectively. After multivariate logistic regression, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors (Exp (B) 28.062, 95% CI for Exp(B) 7.881-99.924 p < 0.001). In our cohort, hyperglycemia but not GlyA, remained a significant risk factor for ROP overpowering the other recognized risk factors.

Effective and safe exercise protocols for obesity management in adolescents are imperative. This study aimed to analyse compliance, efficacy, and safety of combined high-intensity interval training circuit (HIIT) in the management of obesity (including overweight) in adolescents, compared to traditional training (TT). Data from 55 adolescents (47.3% girls) (TT n = 31; HIIT n = 24), aged 12-18 (mean age of 14.3 ± 1.7), with overweight and obesity (median BMI z-score of 2.95), were assessed at baseline and month 6 (Clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02941770). During the 6-month intervention, participants in both exercise groups attended two exercise sessions/week (60 min/session) along with a set of appointments with a paediatrician, nutritionist, and exercise physiologist. Forty-six participants completed the intervention (TT n = 23; HIIT n = 23). Exercise session attendance (≥80%) was significantly higher among HIIT participants (73.9 vs. 13.0%, p < .001). HIIT, but not TT, showed a significant decrease in BMI z-score (d = 0.40, p < .001), body fat mass (BFM, %) (d = 0.41, p = .001), and trunk fat mass (d = 0.56, p < .001), as well as a significant increase in muscle mass (MM, %) (d = 0.28, p = .001) between baseline and 6 months. According to generalized estimating equations, time-by-attendance interactions (instead of time-by group) were found in BMI z-score (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.33), BFM (β = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.56), trunk fat mass (β = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.70, 4.18), and MM (β = -1.16, 95%CI: -1.87, -0.45). No adverse events were reported during HIIT sessions. Although compliance may mediate the impact of an exercise protocol on health-related outcomes, HIIT showed to be safe, with higher compliance compared to TT, which may result in improved outcomes overtime.

The objective of this analysis is linked to the discussion of urban residential segregation marked by the Brazilian urban land structure and perpetuated by urban planning instruments at the municipal level. The spatial focus of the study is the municipality of Londrina (state of Paraná/Brazil). We aimed to analyze the relationship between urban zoning and the dynamics of residential segregation, unfolding two foci: verify to what extent the objectives presented in the municipal instrument translate the objectives of the instrument at the federal level (the City Statute– CE) and the national program “My Home, My Life” aimed to provide housing to socially vulnerable populations; the second focus, aims to assess how the planning instrument—the Special Zone of Social Interest (ZEIS), contemplated in the Land Use and Occupation Law and in the Municipal Master Plan of Londrina (PDPML, 2008)—materializes in practice the objectives of promoting equity in access to housing. The results show that although the objectives defined at the federal level are transposed to the municipal level, demonstrating a theoretical coherence between the instruments, there are flaws in their implementation. The case study results show that the urban zoning of Londrina has as a guideline a segregationist territorial ordering, leading to a residential segregation of the population with low purchasing power. On the other hand, the planning instrument that could change this reality is the ZEIS that, on the contrary, reinforced social housing in the periphery, conditioning the right to the city and perpetuating the social vulnerability of disadvantaged groups, in a process common to other Brazilian cities. Such constraints make relevant the establishment of land reserves for social housing based on clear roles of a social and functional mix, reinforced by the combat of vacant spaces and the definition of minimal housing and infrastructure densities to allow urban occupation.

Cellular senescence is a highly complex and programmed cellular state with diverse and, at times, conflicting physiological and pathological roles across the lifespan of an organism. Initially considered a cell culture artifact, senescence evolved from an age-related circumstance to an intricate cellular defense mechanism in response to stress, implicated in a wide spectrum of biological processes like tissue remodelling, injury and cancer. The development of new tools to study senescence in vivo paved the way to uncover its functional roles in various frameworks, which are sometimes hard to reconcile. Here, we review the functional impact of senescent cells on different organismal contexts. We provide updated insights on the role of senescent cells in tissue repair and regeneration, in which they essentially modulate the levels of fibrosis and inflammation, discussing how "time" seems to be the key maestro of their effects. Finally, we overview the current clinical research landscape to target senescent cells and contemplate its repercussions on this fast-evolving field.

Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission for respiratory disease among infants aged <1 year. Clinical practice guidelines can benefit patients by reducing the performance of unnecessary tests, hospital admissions, and treatment with lack of a supportive evidence base. This review aimed to identify current clinical practice guidelines worldwide, appraise their methodological quality, and discuss variability across guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. Methods: A systematic literature review of electronic databases EMBASE, Global Health, and Medline was performed. Manual searches of the gray literature, national pediatric society websites, and guideline-focused databases were performed, and select international experts were contacted to identify additional guidelines. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation assessment tool was used by 2 independent reviewers to appraise each guideline. Results: Thirty-two clinical practice guidelines met the selection criteria. Quality assessment revealed significant shortcomings in a number of guidelines, including lack of systematic processes in formulating guidelines, failure to state conflicts of interest, and lack of consultation with families of affected children. There was widespread agreement about a number of aspects, such as avoidance of the use of unnecessary diagnostic tests, risk factors for severe disease, indicators for hospital admission, discharge criteria, and nosocomial infection control. However, there was variability, even within areas of consensus, over specific recommendations, such as variable thresholds for oxygen therapy. Guidelines showed significant variability in recommendations for the pharmacological management of bronchiolitis, with conflicting recommendations over whether use of nebulized epinephrine, hypertonic saline, or bronchodilators should be routinely trialled. Conclusions: Future guidelines should aim to be compliant with international standards for clinical guidelines to improve their quality and clarity and to promote their adoption into practice. Variable recommendations between guidelines may reflect the evolving evidence base for bronchiolitis management, and platforms should be created to understand this variability and promote evidence-based recommendations.

O artigo procura analisar o impacto que o encerramento de escolas unitárias e as medidas de concentração associadas (construção de centros escolares) tiveram numa zona geográfica de Portugal Continental – o Pinhal Interior Sul (PIS), território de baixa densidade e rural –, no início do século XXI. O objetivo, mobilizando um conjunto de fontes estatísticas (demográficas e educacionais) e, também, recorrendo às cartas educativas dos municípios, foi o de perceber se esse processo obedeceu a razões sociais, económicas e pedagógicas fundadas na ideia de desenvolvimento rural numa perspetiva integrada. No fundo, que visão de desenvolvimento foi difundida? Aquilo que se conclui é que não só não se inverteu o recuo do mundo rural (intensificou-se, aliás) como a tipologia centro escolar parece não ter aumentado a capacidade pedagógica das escolas.