Repositório RCAAP

The present study sought to understand the interest teenagers have of the horror genre. In order to achieve this objective, the research is qualitative approach, features an exploratory character, and utilizes a focal group as a data analysis technique. The focal group was comprised of students from a state school in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The school has a project that aims to develop a cinema workshop in which the focal group had been attending in order to produce a short film of their liking. In order to select participants, the students who had attended the cinema workshop were informed about the objectives and asked if they would like to participate. Sixteen teenagers showed interest and were divided into three focal groups. Respectively, the groups were composed of 5, 3 and 8 participants. The number of participants in each group was based on the saturation criteria, which limits the number of people in a group when the participants no longer come up with new ideas in terms of content as they because repetitive. Regarding the data analysis, a content analysis technique was utilized. The categories were based upon the analysis and were presented in two articles, in a way that the categories converge in order to comprehend the great interest that teenagers display regarding the horror genre. The first article approaches such matter in a wide manner and analyses the participants speech as to grasp the intimate relation between adolescence and horror films. The article also presents and discusses the first moments and the importance of these encounters with cinema, as well as the meaning to the participants. The second article focuses on the horror genres relevance and singularities towards the participants. The results point to the fact that the fascination unleashed by these films occupies a privileged place in the teenagers lives. Being in front of these moving images, as well as in a dream, allows the participants to live within a mirror maze, allowing them to meet with what is the realest, the most private and most obscure of themselves. Furthermore, the contact with film narratives when practiced in childhood is related to the absence of parents, the experience of abandonment lived by others. Contact with fiction allows them to actively experience horror, which in real life, was experienced passively and traumatically. The presence of the horror genre returns intensively in adolescence due to great changes during puberty and excessive impulses. Hence, teenagers have the need to witness this being experienced by others to be able get through this phase in their lives. However, again, teenagers see themselves as abandoned and seek, in the horror genre, the possibility of an active position, in addition to shared experiences, which constructs a symbolic bond.

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This work carried out the study of the effects of the babies musical education, from the proposal of Esther Beyer, in reversing the psychological risk in a case of an infant with five months, which results in PREAUT signs suggesting future autistic structure. The music education took place with the participation of two other babies with seven months, mothers of three babies and, in some meetings, the brothers. In a total of ten meetings, the baby at risk participated in eight meetings. The effects were positive for the advancement of the baby towards psychic integration. There was also psychomotor, cognitive and linguistic progress. The other two babies have evolved in their musical behavior and socialization. Mothers also evolved in their behavior and bond with their children. Research has shown that musical education can be an effective early intervention mechanism in the case of psychological risk. Can be used exclusively or associated with individual clinical intervention. When considering the possible effects on family behavior and perception of family members who participated in the experiment, it can be concluded that music was a form of positive and effective early intervention, with the advantage of not presenting itself as a traditional therapy, which, often, it does not present the accession of the family.

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The study aimed to investigate the perception of professionals on risk and protective factors when working with adolescents who are undergoing socioeducative measures (MSE) in inpatient treatment units and supervised outpatient work for adolescents in conflict with the law in a small city of Rio Grande do Sul state. It also sought to undestand how the practices of Restorative Justice (JR) can be perceived as potencial protective factors for adolescents who are in conflict with the law. To achieve the proposed objectives, a qualitative research was performed with the professionals working in the inpatient and outpatient units. For data collection we used a questionnaire with open and closed questions based on the literature review. To analyze the information of the data collected, open questions were submitted to thematic content analysis as proposed by Bardin. For analysis of the closed questions a statistical summary of variables was used. The data analysis revealed that the professionals notice different risk and protective factors in the lives of the adolescents in conflict with the law. In regard to knowledge of restorative practices, the majority of the professionals report to be aware of them but few indicate the ones they apply in their treatment units. In conclusion, we suggest the need to develop new studies, mainly on risk and protective factors at the individual level, which were the least considered aspects by the respondents.

This dissertation seeks to understand the process of adapting technical high school students who leave home towns to study and go to live in student housing from three technical high schools of a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul state. The study included 12 adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years, of both sexes, from the 2nd year of three technical courses integrated into high school classes (Administration, Agriculture, Maintenance and Support in Computing). Individual semi-structured interviews to collect information were conducted. These ones were submitted to thematic content analysis. And the results organized into two empirical studies. The objective of the first study was to describe the feelings and perceptions related to the experience of leaving home and start living in student housing.The second study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibitor factors associated to the process of adaptation. The experience of departure from the house of the parents and the entry into student housing in the technical high school allows students to feel more prepared for future experiments in higher education and, in addition, contributes to the development of maturity for these adolescents. Entering technical high school brings a number of personal changes to students, especially related to the acquisition of new responsibilities, which entail a number of changes that do not depend only on personal factors, but also contextual factors that are crucial to the success of this process. The results indicate that it is important that the technical high school develop strategies to better assist students who need to leave their homes and those living in student housing. Entering the technical high school is an experience that promote important personal changes, due to the new demands posed by the school environment, and the fact that teenagers start living away from parents.This experience, although it is considered stressful, it is also perceived positively, as something that produces personal growth. Thus, it is necessary to offer support to these students in order to promote their emotional, psychosocial and academic development. The results of this study may help promote theoretical advances in this area once it has been little studied.

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Several studies have focused on the contribution of the right hemisphere brain to the emotional aspects of communication, raising evidence that it is specialized in the emotional processing of faces. Right hemisphere brain damage (RHBD) may cause disturbances in the function mentioned, affecting social interactions since they depend on facial emotion recognition. This research aimed to contribute to the study of the possible impairment in the ability to identify facial expressions in 4 RHBD patients in order to elucidate whether those interfere with the performance of two emotion recognition instruments expressed by faces images. From a comparison between the RHBD group, 4 patients with left hemisphere brain damage (LHBD) and 8 subjects in the control group, we found 22 statistically significant or borderline statistical associations results (p≅0,05) only to the stimuli of the instrument Facial Expression Brazilian Task (FERBT), including the analysis of the emotional valences between LHBD and RHBD groups. Of these, 13 showed superiority of the control group in relation to clinical groups, and 9 showed superiority the LHBD group compared to the RHBD group. From this study, we can infer that FERBT is more congruent in relation to Emotion Recognition Index (ERI) concerning the hypothesis of brain asymmetry in facial expression recognition. The results of FERBT partially agrees with the hypothesis of emotional valence, since significant differences between clinical groups were found, favoring the LHBD group to the sum of emotion scores of negative valence at 500 milliseconds (ms), 1 second (s) and overall score of FERBT, adding up all the emotions in different times. However, it should be noted that borderline statistical associations differences favoring the LHBD group were found only for the emotion of fear (200ms and the total time) and anger (total time) with no significant differences for emotions of positive valence. This study helped to assess neuropsychological deficits after right hemisphere brain damage, since there is a significant gap in this diagnostic area. Through research, we can improve our knowledge about impairments caused by right hemisphere lesion by increasingly developing accurate assessment techniques and rehabilitation methods.

Grandparents have a very important role within the family context, as well as when their sons and daughters become parents. Based on this presumption, the research that originates the present dissertation aimed to investigate grandmothers‟ perceptions about the relationship with their adult daughters at the time when daughters were living their first experiences of maternity. With this objective, we performed a qualitative study with ten grandmothers whose adult daughters were primiparous, with their babies aged between five and 28 months, and that were attending a public health program for mothers and infants. As instruments for data collection we used a form of contextualization, with which important information were obtained to understand the reality studied, and a semi-directed interview of open questions. The results were analysed through content analysis and are presented in the two articles that compose the present dissertation. The first article shows the repercussions of maternity in the relationship between mothers and adult daughters, an event that brings them closer, and grandmothers‟ recognition of daughters‟ capability and autonomy as a mothers. Furthermore, it also stresses the feelings of affection that the birth of a grandchild aroused in grandmothers. The second article aimed to investigate the new‟ structures of image and role of grandmothers in present days, as well as present some aspects of the relationship between grandmothers and grandchildren. The results showed that grandmothers are relatively young and active. Grandmothers reported to be participative and available for interaction with their grandchildren and a strong bond and the feelings of satisfaction and affection characterizes the relationship between them. Moreover, we emphasize the supportive role performed by grandmothers after the birth of a grandchild. Thus, among the main aspects obtained by the study, we highlight the improvement in the relationship between mothers and their adult daughters with the maternity experience and the independence and autonomy with which daughters took maternity. It could also be observed the pleasure in the experience of becoming a grandmother. For the majority of the participants, it was possible to be only grandparents, without having to assume parental responsibilities of their grandchildren. Finally, it is important to highlight the importance of further studies concerning this subject, including different groups and socioeconomic contexts. It is important to make clear that the findings of this study do not cover the totality of the phenomenon, so new research may indicate different forms of relationship involving grandmothers in the family context.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

This study aimed to know the pratices of self care by nurses that have worked in Kiss nightclub disaster. Therefore, the research was developed through a qualitative and exploratory approach, and used individual interviews as a technique for data collection. We chose to study nurses who had worked in different places and in different ways in the disaster occurred in the city of Santa Maria - RS due to the fact that the researcher has participated as a volunteer in the care team to caregivers, where it had worked next to these professionals. The choice of participants was through a first contact with a professional who suggested other names in the "chain of informants," or as the methodology became known in Brazil - "snowball sampling". Thus, four nurses participate in the study. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used, from Bardin. This study is divided into two articles, one of them focusing on the psychological intervention in disaster situations, given that this is the profession of researcher, and the second article sought to know self care practices used by nurses. The results presented in the first article emphasize the importance of psychology in disaster situations and the role of psychologists, together with other teams in situations like this, that increases the range of actions and care interventions to those involved. The results of the second article regarding the topic of self-care of each nurse, saw the importance of the relationship between the care team and how it reverberates in their lives and actions, focusing on the impossibility of dissociation between self care and care of others.

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The rituals are present in many phases of the human life s transition; it is not different in the transition of life to death. Referring to death, men have been modifying in their way of relating with it, mainly when the issue is taking care and burying their dead people. The objective of this research is to understand the meaning of visits to the cemetery where people have their beloved ones buried. This research is about a qualitative study with nine participants that have lost someone close to them. The number of participants was reached by the sample saturation standard. Semi directed interviews and campus observations were made and analyzed. The results show that the visits awake many feelings, such as the possibility to understand the caring after death, or even guilt when the visits cannot be made for some reason. There is a belief in the existence of communication between the living and the death worlds and in the cemetery place as a local to understand life through the evocation of memories and regards. It was also observed that the Park Cemetery place is seen as a space that is not thought as a cemetery, by reflecting the beauty and the life, not realizing death. However, the traditional cemetery is seen as a heavy place that refers to death. Such results evidenced how much practicality, beauty and security are exceled in contemporaneity, highlighting the increasing outsourcing of the caring through the mortuary business. Besides that, it is possible to conclude that society banes death and that how new spaces and services have been corresponding and consolidating this social request. Therefore, it is necessary that people reflect more about death rituals, highlighting the Psychology area which needs publications about this issue.

This current study aims to discuss the issue of adolescents in conflict with the law and the socio-educational measures (MSE) in assisted freedom. This work was divided into two articles, one theoretical and one empirical. The first is a review of literature on the subject teenager in conflict with the law: a review of the contributions of social, family and individual variables. In addition to the macro social conditions, the problem of the offender s behavior suffers the influence of control institutions (family, school), peer groups and individual aspects (biological and personality characteristics). To understand and address the juvenile delinquency, it becomes important to consider many aspects from a broader view in order to assess the conditions of a society at the structural level up to a vision that incorporates aspects of micro-social contexts of socio-psychological and individual levels. The second article explored the opinion of three teenagers on the MSE compliance experience in liberty. The qualitative analysis showed the following sub-units and categories: influence of family relations (conflict and/or emotional distancing, emotional support and instrumental); influence of institutional relations (emotional and instrumental support); and future plans (study, work and family). The results showed that both the relations with family and the relations with friendships seem to have contributed to these young people to engage in illegal acts. In conclusion, it is believed not to be feasible any intervention to adolescents in conflict with the law without covering the family with the same emphasis. It is highlighted the importance of studies that investigate individual biological factors along with external, family and cultural factors, so they can have subsidies targeted the prevention and the intervention in these situations.

Thinking about death leads inevitably to think about life. Talking about the entanglements that both produce along human development, mobilizing feelings of anguish and doubts. This happens because the human being has the peculiarity; the impetus to look for ways to explain, fight or overcome the adversities that appear throughout life and, in this context, the unknown is caring trigger. The Military Police (MPs) deal with death in the daily practice of the profession, especially those who operating in ostensible policing can experience the death of others or their own at any time. This study aimed to identify the social representations of military police groups about the presence of death in their daily work. This was a qualitative study of exploratory nature, attended by 26 police officers working in the State Traffic Police and Special Operations Squad, both belonging to a city in Rio Grande do Sul state. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, which conducted four (04) focus group meetings with relevant guiding axes to the theme adopted. The results, discussed through the Social Representation Theory, pointed categories that demonstrate the importance of the effects observed in daily action before the encounter with death; aggression perceived before the judgment of society; the time when death becomes gaping and the representation of death which part of the moment of impact to the reflexive movement on the subject. The highlight was the naturalization of death by the police group, as a mechanism used to protect and deal with death gaping in the workplace. The moments created to discuss with them facilitated the opening of psychic defenses and allowed a reflection on the fears, so intensely denounced by contradictions. Such discussions emphasize the importance of providing devices approach of the military to the listening process, in order to observe the issues raised by the police work, mobilizing reflection about the process of death and daily confrontations arising from their professional actions.

This research aimed to identify the subjective experience and the psychological repercussions of workers in management functions in post-modern organizations. For this, two studies were conducted. The first one is a multiple case study that aimed to know the subjective experience of managers, at different stages of career, in post-modern organizations. It was observed that both are imprisoned to the lifestyle and choices driven by dominant discourses and by the conditions that the company imposes. In both cases, there is vulnerability of the subjects towards the mediation strategies adopted by companies, since the rewards compensate the sacrifices. The main difference observed between the two is that the most experienced one showed some evidence of awareness of the suffering experienced to have that career, as the one who is starting is quite far from any possibility of criticizing the dynamics in which he is taking part. The second study consisted of a single case study that aimed to know the suffering caused by managerial power in a person who played a management role in business for over 30 years. With this study it was possible to relate to literature and develop a discussion that clarified the following: denial and normalization of a suffering experience caused by work throughout a career, the need to show oneself always productive, with inability to slow down or disconnect from work, the enhancement of suffering due to conflicting stimuli and ethical crisis when he began to realize the superficiality and the vulnerability of his position and his identity towards the adherence to the company's identity. This work has shown that it is necessary a deepening on the subject and more studies that consider this view, including other methods, since it was found little research in Brazil that are exploring this topic.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior