Repositório RCAAP

This research aimed to investigate and to comprehend the meanings constructed by teachers, parents and students on the ones who present learning difficulties and their interrelationships in the constitution of the me and of the other , using the historical-cultural perspective as the theoretical approach. This interest forms a comprehension process of ties occurring in practices of each context. The meanings mark the student s condition of not being able to learn, turning this situation into a drama of (not) learning. Two (02) children enrolled in elementary schools (1st to 4th grades) who were diagnosed with learning difficulties, as well as their mothers and teachers were individually interviewed for 40 minutes. From their talks, we identified three (3) blocks with themes: children and (not) learning, others (mothers, teachers/school) and (not) learning and the reasons of (not) learning. Concerning the self and (not) learning, the participants presented reasons as: the children believe that they cannot learn; possess a feeling of self depreciation; the way the other look upon them weighs heavily on their identity and they even say that the difficulty in learning is their own; the mothers: suffer due to their children s condition and over all for not being able to deal with the situation; show worry, sadness, unsatisfaction and even, impotence and lack of knowledge on their children s learning; the teachers: desperation, discouragement, affliction and concern. The teachers were asked about their own teaching activities and the lack of comprehension on children in their reality and in their singularity as well as the need of theoretical knowledge were identified. Concerning the other , mothers perceive their children as sad because of the learning difficulty and also they believed that their children are not able to learn. Besides sentiments of sadness, teachers believe that students also feel incompetent and even ashamed for not being capable of learning. Among of the motives for not learning, we identified organic, genetic, pedagogic, affective aspects and factors that obstruct that process such as the lack of schooling in the family or the lack of psychological orientation service and the ignorance on students learning difficulties in school contexts. The results of this study proved that this work impels toward the necessity of understanding this drama of (not) learning where meanings have been produced and marked the student who presents learning difficulties. However, this drama represents a situation of conflict in which students, teachers and parents are inserted and which is considered, therefore, an aspect that impels professionals acting in education improvement who in turn needs to comprehend this interrelationship and this dramatic condition that involves the school community.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Work is extremely important to person s life, contributing to his/her survival and adjustment to the world. Well-being at work (WBW) is an essential phenomenon to a suitable and competitive organization performance considering that perceptions of WBW can generate consequences in the own employee s life quality, as in the organizational productivity. WBW can be defined as the person s satisfaction of necessities and fulfillment of desires while playing his/her role in the organization. This study investigate the impact of the perception of policies and practices of people management (HRMPP), when mediated by perception of justice in the organizations (OJ) in the reports of BET of 83 psychologists (n=83) of a City hall in Triângulo Mineiro. The research hasn t confirmed the theoretical model, demonstrating demonstrated that HRMPP, in personal perception of involvement, explained 52% of the model, while the dimension of justice in the organizations explained just 3% of variance of the variable criteria, not being meaningful its contribution. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the perception of an articulated purpose of the organization to create emotional bonds in a way to contribute to the well-being of their employees in terms of appreciation, free communication and participation in decision making, promote positive reports of WBW in the psychologists surveyed. They haven t found yet researches that contemplate the same theoretical model of investigation proposed. These study contributions shared can be used in people management in order to promote impacts in worker health as well in organization productivity.

Student burnout is a process evidenced by the physical and mental exhaustion meet the demands of the study, by cynical attitude and behavior of detachment for the academic context, by feelings of ineffectiveness and incompetence with regard to student. Due the lack of national studies on burnout in university students and its importance in current and professional life of the public, this study investigated the influence of demographic variables (gender, age, sports practice and period of the course), the perception of social support and self-efficacy beliefs in higher education in the development of burnout. The sample, for convenience, constituted by 274 university students with a mean age of 23 years (SD = 5.61), mostly female, single and living with family. Most students enrolled for less than two years at the institution and were still in the basic training periods (first thirty months of the course). Trustworthy and reliable instruments for data collection were used, analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability of scales and standard multiple regression, having the dimensions of burnout as variable-criterion. The reliability of scales for the sample was above 0.70. Among the results, it was observed that the sample is at risk of developing burnout considering the moderate scores on emotional exhaustion, first to appear as burnout development model. Still it was found that age, period of the course, gender and academic self-efficacy explained 11% of the variance in dimension emotional exhaustion; period of the course and academic management self-efficacy also influenced 20% of the variance of cynical attitudes and distancing behaviors of students and, finally, the period of the course and academic self-efficacy contributed 39% of variance of feelings of competence and personal student achievement. The dimensions of perceived social support did not explain the development of burnout in this sample. The conclusion of the study points out the importance of age, period of the course and self-efficacy beliefs in higher education with regard to the development of burnout, suggesting the need for programs that support actions that help students both in entry and in completion of the course, aiming at the prevention of burnout and promoting quality of life in the university context, thus contributing to the training of students. It is recommended to carry out studies covering new samples, as well as research of other variables that may mediate and influence the development of burnout in the higher education context.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The purpose of this dissertation is to establish a dialogue between the Therapeutic Monitoring a Psychoanalysis, in extension, considering the relationship between the pair (companionaccompanied) as a third body, the between\", which appears every meeting and can mobilize feelings, perceptions and actions in any space, always from the interaction. Some questions guided this work, questions that lead us to think that the work of therapeutic companion of social inclusion. Insert the excluded, the poor, the mad, the patient in a process of inclusion is not somehow insert it into a process of domestication of the body, the adequacy of this body that unproductive, will be recycled as waste to meet demands of contemporary times, in which the search for productivity is present? We conclude that it is possible to create conditions for the look or strategic networking, with actions for care. This professional development of their work can build with the subject a way of dealing with their own symptoms in order to enter into a link and remain somehow guided in it.

The removal of the family power appears as legal action applied to situations of extreme violence, abandonment and neglect, in which parents and are considered unable to perform paternity function / maternity, lose the position of rights and duties towards their children . Thus, studies that problematize this legal institution and its reverberations for the family, become extremely relevant to broaden the discussions in this context. This study aims to analyze, from the psychoanalytic method, the family impeachment process, highlighting aspects of the dynamics of mental functioning and parental and deadlocks family-judiciary relationship. The research strategies used were clinical case and documentary research. 22 sessions were held with Amanda, a 10-year-old in the Family Power removal process, and her guardian and aunt, Ruth. The case was referred for clinical care by the judiciary and involved allegations of sexual abuse by the father and negligence on the part of the mother. The documentary research with the removal process and guard played a support role to the clinical case, allowing the seizure of meanings and forms of mental functioning and parental family. Analyses made themselves from listening in clinical care and reading-directed attention to the processes and session reports. Writing proved fundamental in the design of the analysis, occupying important place in the encounter with the object of study. A pattern of familiar psychic functioning with esquizoparanoides features is evidenced in the case and Amanda identified as a scapegoat on which are designed and deposited threatening aspects of the family. As a form of denial, these aspects are rejected and expelled by a movement away and family estrangement towards the child. The countertransference experience pointed to the feeling of being lost over different parts of research and spoke of a lost subject in the processes. The judicial intervention in family made repeated violence, abandonment and rejection felt by Amanda in the various situations of return for the family. Thus Case Amanda denounces not only a tragic family organization of violence and abandonment, but also a system that stumbles and tumbles in their attempts to protection of children and family. System that is not restricted to the figure of the judge or the judiciary, but covers the organs and entities of the society they propose to the care of families in socially vulnerable. The study calls us to think beyond devices to rules implementing regulations and to consider the subject and the family in its singularity. While professionals are challenged to broaden the field of discussions about the family and children in our society.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Visual attention and visual working memory are fundamental aspects of human cognition and understands them is critical to the study of human behavior. More recent studies have investigated how visual attention can be controlled and directed to representations held in working memory through the use of spacial retrocue in visual attention tasks. This research aimed to investigate the effect of sharing of sustained attention in the maintenance process and recovery of items in visual working memory, through three experiments using retrocue paradigm. The use of retrocue can favor the search for information stored for a short period of time in the visual working memory. However, the mechanisms responsible for this favoritism are not entirely clear, especially with regard to sustained attention in the suggested item. A secondary task of visual search was inserted into part of the conditions in order to shift attention in the range of stimuli, 50ms (CB50) or 500ms (CB500) after submission of the retrocue, the array memory was composed of a four items and it was presented for simultaneous and sequential manner. The results indicated that despite the visual search have impaired the performance of the participants, the magnitude of the effect was maintained retrodica the tests with and without visual search.

The concern with public safety somehow defines the way of life and also the social relationships. From medieval walled cities to contemporary gated communities, it is possible to observe different strategies to prevent invasions, goods appropriations or even physical violence. There also is a complete normative setting, which responds to a historical and social time, in order to define what a crime is. In face of an event characterized as criminal there is, at least, two perspectives to be considered, one related to the involvement and reaction of the people directly involved and another one concerning the socio-institutional treatment of such event, both reflecting and revealing power relations. This study assumes that the reaction to the event is a remarkable fact and it brings revealing elements of other past events and for future projections experience both in the individual aspect or in relation to historical and collective elements. It considers, from the autobiographical testimony of people involved in criminal situations, what is collective and what is historical on such experiences. The crime in this study is considered from its institutional judgement and it brings revealing elements of a collective history. Four different people, frequent users of the several Crime Prevention Centers of Uberlândia, were asked to speak about their life histories, to talk about the crime for which they are being penalized and to talk on the institutional treatment related to the same one. The Oral Life History method was the basis for the interviews. Specialized authors on Psycho-criminology and on Critical Psychology were the main theoretical support chosen for the interviews analysis and reflections around the crime, subjectivity, interdisciplinarity and also the role of the psychologist in Law and Public Safety institutions. From such analysis, it is observed that there is a wide path redefinition of some concepts and professional positions regarding the various elements of a crime. Among the professionals, the psychologist, in such field, must assume the political role where he is inserted. It is concluded that interventions in public safety rely on facts, which are not always the most significant events for the involved individuals, and that concentrates almost all of their actions in individual interventions, insufficient to deal with the criminal matters, which are much more complex and involve historical and collective variables that go far beyond to the individuals directly involved on it.

Taking for granted the cultural-historical conception of the body in which it is understood that it is the effect of games of powers and knowledge historically situated, as well the subjectiveness processes adjacent to such embodiment, we were troubled by the question of how the body is explored and exhausted to the point of becoming a waste product. We take for Trash-Body the concept from where we departed for the investigative journey and it was the fuel of this research. Grounded in the premises of cartographic research, we try to follow the process of \"wastefication\" of the body, dipping and being affected by contemporary cultural productions, as depicted in media events (whether of journalistic nature, advertising or upside entertainment) and the arts (among them the cinema, literature and the theater). We adopted schizoanalysis as the main theoretical framework and for that reason we are able to lay down the eyes in the works of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and furthermore compose and decompose with theoretical constructs of various areas such as psychology, history, sociology and philosophy itself, also taking Michel Foucault as an important travel companion. Recognizing the body as a changeable historical process and not merely an immutable biological entity, we conducted a historical overview of how the exercises of power affect the bodies over time, aiming to demonstrate the route by which it reached the current ways of experiencing the body that can lead to its wastefication . The most relevant aspect of this cartographic work was the search for inventive possibilities from the alleged abject condition, showing the power and compositions of forces that lead the trash-body to the potent-body condition.

Literature has shown the importance of the studies concerning the mental health of workers, and, recently, about well-being at work. So, this study has the objective to test a model which predicted the job satisfaction (as indicator of work well-being) as direct antecedent of feelings of pleasure and suffering at work, while pay, day s work and a perceived organizational support were indirect antecedents. The sample was composed by 224 workers, entailed to several incumbents in different organizations, who participated of the research in a voluntary way. To test the model, eight sequential enter regression analysis were used. The results indicated the block of variables concerning job satisfaction was in a position of direct antecedent, while the block of variables pay, day s work and perceived organizational support was in a position of indirect antecedent for the four dependent variables of pleasure and suffering at work. These results confirmed the predicted model. Next, stepwise regression analysis were calculated to verify the best predictors of the dependent variables of pleasure an suffering at work. The results identified: (1) day s work was eliminated of all the models, while perceived organizational support remained as regressioner in all factors of job satisfaction; (2) the pleasure s factor accomplishment has as predictors work s way and pay satisfaction, both were explained by support and pay; (3) the pleasure s factor liberty was as predictors pay s satisfaction, explained by support and pay, and co-workers, boss and promotion satisfaction, explained just by support; (4) the suffering s factor devaluation was as predictors work s way and pay satisfaction, both explained by support and pay, and co-workers satisfaction by support; (5) the suffering s factor wearing was as predictors work s way and pay satisfaction, both explained by support and pay, and co-workers and boss satisfaction by support. These results were showned, considering the impact of sociodemographics and psychological variables on the explanation of feelings of pleasure and suffering at work. In discussion and conclusion, sugestions were made with all importance of research.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

This dissertation was the result of a work realized in a clinic school at the Federal University of Uberlândia.The general goal of this word was to analyze the resonance came from three family groups of children that had serious conditions of emotional illness, when psychotherapy interventions with parents and children were applied at an ambulatory. It was discussed the different concepts of how psyche is constituted and the subjectivity formation in psychoanalysis, involving family from desiring articulation between parents and children. By discussing the different ways of psychotherapy session it was analyzed parents place in psychoanalytical theories. This study aimed at searching means of treatment, in a short period of time that helped to product affective relation between parents and children. These relations were in some cases, stagnant, poor or inexistent. Three cases of autism, mental weakness and child psychosis were analyzed in a psychoanalytical treatment inspired by psycoterapical technique with parents and children. By all these applied elements, parents could rearticulate their desired worlds that helped children to be the owner of their desires, promoting subjectivity to them.

Cultural variation refers primordially to the habits and behaviors of a group or society to others. However, it is relatively recent the study of how these differences happen in the work s world. The great question that remains is related to the way by which the behavior of the organizations varies culturally, and how the leaders behave in relation to each organizational culture. This study about Organizational Culture and characteristics of Charismatic Leadership in Companies of Uberlândia city (Triângulo Mineiro - Brazil) aimed at: a)identifying the characteristics and behaviors shown by the leaders according to the perception of the led workers; b)identifying the dimensions of the organizational culture; c) determining the variations of the characteristics of the organizational culture and of the leadership in relation to the investigated companies; d) determining the relation between organizational culture and the characteristics of their leaders. Based on the Hofstede studies about organizational culture and on Robert House studies on charismatic leadership and GLOBE Project about this two variables, 274 working college students of a nocturnal course, 158 female and 80% aged 35 years old or less answered an inventory of personal data and about the companies they worked for, as well as scales for measuring charismatic leadership with 124 items divided into 16 sub-scales, and organizational culture with 115, divided into 8 sub-scales. According to the results, companies that had the characteristic of high distance hierarchical culture ( power distribution, difference between the ones who have the power and those who don t)and higth individualism, had few charismatic leadership characteristics. In these companies, leaders tended to show favoritism and predilection by some, not to communicate their vision and treat others in an unfair way, not to consider the subordinate s opinions and provide few feedback. Companies that revealed great gender differences also showed leaders who do not communicate , do not trust , who are not role models and who do not treat the workers on a fair way. Leaders with the characteristics of avoiding ambiguous situations, supporting and influencing the workers, using a planning, training and encouraging decisive behavior on the relations, were more trustworthy by their subordinates, no matter their reasons to follow these leaders. There are evidences that this study offers contributions to the knowledge of the Organizational and Leadership Culture, and that this relation should be spread to the companies in general so that their leaders use these results to the growth of their organizations and workers.

The acknowkedgement of the importance of sleep for human health and its systemized study made it possible to identify specific sleep diseases and among the diseases identified the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) stands out. This syndrome consists of arrests in breathing that occur during sleep due to the closing of upper airways. As breathing totally ceases or partially ceases, there is a decrease in the levels of oxigen in the bloof trigerring a central response of arousal or microarousal which in turn fragmentizes sleep, making sleep superficial and non recovering. Consequently, problems are brought on for the person during the period of awakeness. Recently, psychological correlates of OSAS have been studied, revealing evidences of the relation between this sydrome and depression, daytime sleepiness and memory loss. The goal of this study was to verify the correlation of OSAS with depression,daytime sleepiness and daily memory. The hypotheses were that a higher level of sleep would be associated with more seve dpressive states, significant losses of daily memory, as well as the increase in daytime sleepiness. The sample was made up of 30 patients from 29 to 59 years old and were treated at a private hospital in the city of Patos de Minas, Brasil. Nineteen were male and eleven female. In a routine medical diagnosis, patients were submitted to a polysomnography in which physiological measures ( i.e. number of sleep apneas/hypoapneas per hour) were taken during sleep. Patients who reached the sleepapnea/hypoapnea index (AHI) compatible with the syndromes characterization (AHI > 5 events/hour) were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed Beck Depression Inventary (BDI), Questionaire of Daily Forgets (QEC-Questionário dos Esquecimentos Diários) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Epworth).Spearman coeficients between AHI-BDI, AHI-QEC, AHI-Epworth were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis was also performed to verify the division of the groups according to the level of OSAS severity. The hypotheses of the study were not confirmed however, correlations between the following variables were found: AHIsleep eficiency, AHI- slow wave sleep, QEC-BDI. As for the Kruskal-Wallis test, statistically significant differences between groups were detected when AHI and percentage of slow wave sleep were evaluated. Although the present study show no linear correlation between OSAS and depression, daily memory and daytime sleepiness, analysis of the correlations as a whole suggests future lines of investigation such as the relation between depression and memory as well as memory with daytime sleepiness and REM sleep.

The subject maternal function and paternal function, nowadays refers to a theoretical and a practical investigation concerning the exercise of those functions. The theoretical investigation was developed though the psychoanlysis optics, in the pruning of authors from distinct thoughts tendency, having in common the importance of maternal function (Klein, Bion, Winnicott and Dolto) and paternal function (Freud, Winnicott, Dor and Hurstel) in structuring and development of child psychism, in an atempt to perform their functions as parents since the first stage where they have been conceived and how they follow up children development. The practical investigation concerns psychoanalytic interviews with four couples with children among zero to five years old, in order to observe, map and consider their experiences in their roles as parents, from their perception, as well as on how they have been structuring their lives in accordance to the great changes in the lives of men and women nowadays. In the elaboration and writting of this essay, it was used the method of self organization of psychoanalytic inspiration (Baccarin). When mapping and considerating the parent s experiences in their roles I could notice that to become a parent starts gradually since conception and even before, when there is the desire of pregnancy, and the contact between partners, their child and society, throughout an intergame of conflicts and anxieties enlarged by todays enourmous world demands that takes them to a state of deep emotional turbulance, and many times a sense of unauthorization of parenting experiences. Due to world s demands, parents count on a partnership between them (co-parenting), which their roles are performed according to their psychoafectiveability, differently from the strictly defined roles in the past. This fact seems to make men closer to their children since they are born, a fact that was considered to be exclusivity of women s. On the other hand, women seem to be living an earlier interruption of their intimate contact with their babies due to the demand of several facet of a woman s role, among them their work. Thus the function has been distributed among father, relatives and school. The interest on investigating this theme is the possibility of a reflection that can be useful to the work of educators and clinic psychologists, specially on what it concerns parents listening and orientation.

In order to contribute to extend the knowledge about Career Maturity and Development of college students in Brazil and offer instruments to this purpose, this work pursued two aims. The first one was to verify the vadility and reliability of two measure instruments, been the first one widely used in international researches: the Combined Scale of Career Development Attitudes (CDA) and the other one, named Assessment of Attributions for Career Decision Making (AACDM). The second aim was to describe the profile of college students, in regard to the career maturity and development, by comparing the results of different subgroups. To achieve such aims were collected data in three different stages, in which participated 581 college students, from state and private institutions. Students were divided into three sampling groups: the first for semantic validation, the second for statistical (factorial) validation and the third for construct validation. For semantic validation we translated, retranslated, analyzed items and performed an experimental trial. The results from this stage indicated the need for adaptations only in the CDA scale and in the Career Planning (CP) and Career Exploration (CE) dimensions. For statistic validation, was performed factorial analyses and reliability tests in order to verify the instruments structure and accuracy. Results confirmed the factorial structure and indicated satisfactory reliability of CDA scale, as well as CP and CE scales. However, the instrument AACDM showed no acceptable psychometric qualities. For construct validation was performed correlation tests and analyses of variance. The major part of the results of correlation and comparison tests among the groups was coherent to the theoretical expectations. Conversely, the internality of locus of control showed no correlation with the career maturity measures. In relation to the profile of college students, they revealed little involvement in planning career activities, mainly in relation to planning strategies that help them decide which work area to pursue after finishing college. Results about CE scale indicated that the use of information sources, by college students, is basically restricted to professors, professionals and books. Regarding the career decisions attributional style, college students tend to attribute personal and controllable causes to their career decisions. In the same direction, the college students showed, in average, higher internality than externality in the locus of control, in both luck dimension and powerful others, although they tend to disagree about their ability and efficacy to make plans. In conclusion, the results obtained in the three stages of this work provide validity to the CDA scale as an instrument to be used in future researches to make individual diagnosis and evaluate career counseling programs aimed at college students.

This study was proposed with the objective to verify the existence or not of differences statisticly significant among the levels of difficulty in write learning (without evidence, moderate, medium and accentuated) and the general self-concept and its different contexts, which are: social, scholastic, family and personal, of a group of students, from second and third grade level of the fundamental education in Brazil, from public school, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The sample of the investigation was constituted for 160 children of both genders in ages among 6 17 years old. The results evidenced the existence of negative correlations between the self-concept, assessed through EAC-IJ (Escala de Autoconceito Infanto-Juvenil) and the levels of learning difficulty in writing, measured by ADAPE scale (Escala de Avaliação da Dificuldade na Aprendizagem da Escrita). Thus, the analysis of data suggest that children with learning difficulties in writing tend to present a more negative selfconcept and as much as the level of difficulty is increased the children have a lower selfconcept. On the other hand, the students with non-problems in writing attribute to themselves more positives characteristics. The results obtained by students of the second and third grade, in the ADAPE scale, considering the gender variations, age and the period they were at school, demonstrated that for those who were on the second grade the oldest students make more mistakes than the newest and that the students of the morning period obtained a higher value than the students of the afternoon period; in the case of the third grade the male students obtained a higher value than the female students and the students of the morning period make more mistakes than the students of the afternoon period.