Repositório RCAAP

Water is the most important natural resource for the balance of life on Earth and has an unquestionable importance for human health. Because of this, knowing the characteristics of the water courses used for the most diverse activities, such as irrigation, recreation, capture, treatment and subsequent destination for human consumption, among others, is exceptionally important in order to guarantee water in the necessary quality and quantity for the full enjoyment of human and animal life. However, a feature of water that has been extensively studied in recent years is the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threatens global public health. Thus, this environmental research aimed to evaluate the quali-quantitative distribution of Escherichia coli (E. coli) along the Lajeado Pardo, northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, and to analyze the susceptibility profile of bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Lajeado Pardo is covered by the drainage of five watersheds that are part of the Várzea River Basin, and its route was divided into four sampling sectors, where after collection, isolation, biochemical tests and quantification, the E. coli strains were tested for their susceptibility profile to five antibiotics. The quantitative evaluation of E. coli was performed using the most probable number (MPN) methodology in 100 mL of water, with Colilert chromogenic medium. On the other hand, the qualitative evaluation was performed using the plate isolation methodology, using different selective media Lauryl Sulfate Broth (LSB), EC and Colilert. The isolated strains were submitted to biochemical tests (catalase test and Gram stain) to aid in the identification of E. coli. In addition, the E. coli strains isolated in the four sectors were tested for their susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. It was verified that 58.2% of the water samples were above the maximum limit allowed for the classification of the water body in class 2. The sector with the most expressive samples for E. coli was sector 1, next to the water catchment dam of the Riograndense Sanitation Company (CASAN). Regarding plate isolation and biochemical tests, the presence of E. coli was found in all four sectors and media. With the isolated strains, the antibiogram was carried out, and all isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, showing marked resistance to amoxicillin, clavulanate and ciprofloxacin, with gentamicin and chloramphenicol being the antibiotics that showed greater susceptibility to the tested strains. Furthermore, the study showed that the strains isolated from environmental samples when compared to each other, by sector and through the selective isolation medium, differed statistically. Collectively, this study provided baseline data on antibiotic resistance in Lajeado Pardo in the city of Frederico Westphalen, indicating that this stock may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance, as multiresistant antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli were found in this location, potentially presenting a risk to public health.

This dissertation investigated the planning of subjects in the school context of Professional and Technological Education, understanding that the school has an important role in the formation and development of men, and to better achieve that end, an irreplaceable ally is the Teaching Plan. The objective of this work was to analyze if the elaboration of the teaching plans in CTISM could be facilitated through an android system application, relying on the action-research method, applied through interviews and questionnaires that sought to understand the teachers and Pedagogical Board of the Industrial Technical College / CTISM vision regarding the actual use of Teaching Plans and the possible use of a technological means that could facilitate the act of planning using as subsidies active methodologies for Professional and Technological Education. In the end, it was concluded that teachers are not used to the advance planning of the subjects that make up the Teaching Plan, but that they are open to the use of a digital tool to help them develop this important document for teaching institutions. As future works, teacher trainings are suggested to be held to discuss the importance of the elaboration of a Teaching Plan that organizes the course, as well as the joint development of a tool that helps the teachers in the elaboration of that Teaching Plan.

Introduction: Health treatments begin with the correct diagnosis, based on clinical signs and symptoms and complementary exams. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) is showing potential to reduce the variability resulting from the examiner, thus improving the diagnosis obtained with imaging exams. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, confidence, and attitude of Brazilian dentists regarding the diagnosis made through AI. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out by sending out electronic questionnaires. Dentists registered in Brazil were invited to participate. Recruitment was carried out through invitation on social networks (Facebook, Whatsapp and Instagram), allowing greater heterogeneity of participants. The questionnaires, developed in 'Google Forms', comprised demographic questions, professional qualification, and statements regarding knowledge, usefulness, and confidence about AI. After descriptive evaluation of the data, the variable level of knowledge about AI was compared with the other variables using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 635 questionnaires were answered. The majority of dentists were female (64.5%), with a mean age of 40 years (23 to 81 years) and with some additional education. Most respondents believe that AI is being used in everyday life (89.5%) and in Dentistry (87.9%), but 69,3 % of the participants answered that they have little or very little knowledge about AI and 84,6% stated that they had never attended lectures about AI. Most participants agreed with the use of AI to make diagnosis more reliable (89.7%), especially when used together with the diagnosis performed by the clinician (94.5%). However, 76.3% of the participants answered that in case of disagreement between the diagnosis of the professional and the AI, they would not accept the AI diagnosis as definitive. Higher level of AI knowledge showed association with willingness to incorporate AI in Dentistry (P = 0.002), accepting AI diagnosis as definitive in case of disagreement with the professional’s diagnosis (P = 0.001), unavailability of digitized data (P = 0.004), and data protection failure (P = 0.007); less reported knowledge was related to increasing expenses (P < 0.001), and reduction in the number of jobs (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Most dentists believe AI is a tool to make diagnosis even more reliable if used in conjunction with the professional's diagnosis. Professionals who have more knowledge about AI are more willing to incorporate this technology into their practice and are more likely to accept the AI diagnosis as definitive in case of disagreement with the professional's diagnosis. Thus, the present study raises the concern in order to provide more knowledge about AI to Brazilian dentists.

Non-technical losses are one of the biggest problems faced by companies in the energy sector, since they directly affect the financial revenues of concessionaires, the security of electrical systems and the quality of electricity supply to consumers. They are associated with errors in readings and measurements, clandestine connections to the secondary distribution network and fraud in meters. In rural feeders, the problem of non-technical losses becomes more complex, as the large extensions of the distribution networks and the presence of consumers located in remote or difficult-to-access regions make it difficult for inspection teams to investigation. Furthermore, rural consumers are extremely relevant for concessionaires, as they represent a significant portion of electricity consumption, due to irrigation systems installed with pumps and motors with high active power and used practically continuously during the crop period. This work presents a proposal for the identification of non-technical losses in consumers located in rural areas with irrigated rice cultivation. The methodology developed in this study based on the correlation of electricity consumption patterns and the characteristics of planting areas and irrigation systems. The methodology employs in the structure of its algorithm, the k-Means and Random Forest methods, for the development of the data clustering and classification stages, respectively, being used as inputs, monthly records of billed energy from a set of rural consumers areas. Furthermore, the algorithm has the capacity to estimate the consumption of electricity, based on referential information of some variables that make up the irrigation systems and the cultivated planted areas for a certain crop. The validation of the proposed methodology was accomplished in a group of seven rural consumers located in the West Frontier Region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In order to verify for possible irregularities, indicators referring to the class and the comparison between actual and estimated consumptions for each consumer were evaluated. The results demonstrated the proper operation of the model, indicating five suspected cases of occurrences of non-technical losses.

Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento, FAPED, Brasil.

The evolution and application of new manufacturing processes contribute to the progress of production systems, product development and change in the supply chain. Additive manufacturing, conceived in the 60s and put into practice in the 80s, can provide a complete form of today's production systems. From the point of view of product development in the industry or due to the aspect related to the supply chain, the use of this technology opens a new path that allows for the optimization and shortening of the time between the entry of a production request and the delivery of the product will provide greater customer contact to production processes. The objective of the work focuses on developing a performance measurement model for an analysis of the Value Chain as a competitive strategy in the use of additive manufacturing in the Brazilian industry. The work is theoretically supported through a broad bibliographic review carried out in the bases identified as being relevant to the research topic, in addition to books, articles and materials produced by independent companies and governments. In this sense, it uses the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and the multi-criteria decision support approach to build the measurement model. The results obtained were achieved from the practical application of the measurement system developed, where it was possible, through a qualitative scale, to identify a performance index capable of positioning the business model regarding the use and application of additive manufacturing.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Knowledge about ecological and silvicultural aspects of native tree species is essential to understand their behavior in the field in order to manage them properly, especially when the objective is to insert them in the context of agricultural production. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate ecological and silvicultural aspects of Monteverdia ilicifolia and Bauhinia forficata plants produced with Trichoderma and vermicompost and the possible residual effects of these biostimulants on the vegetative growth of plants in the field. The research was conducted at the Center for Research in Forests, Santa Maria, RS, and consisted of four trials, arranged according to the species (M. ilicifolia and B. forficata) and the biostimulants (vermicompost and Trichoderma) used in the production phase of the seedlings. The treatments tested comprised seedlings of both species, produced in a greenhouse, in a substrate composed of different proportions of vermicompost (T20: 20%; T40: 40%; T50: 50%; T60: 60% and T80: 80%) and soil, and in commercial substrate inoculated with Trichoderma strains (strains T1 and T2: T. asperelloides; strains T13 and T33: T. harzianum and strain T10: T. viride) and control treatments (without vermicompost (T0) and without Trichoderma). At 330 days after seeding, the seedlings were transplanted to the field, with a spacing of 4 m x 3.5 m. The essay was installed following a randomized block design. Statistical analyzes were performed separately for each essay, in factorial scheme (biostimulant x time) with split plots over time. Initial surviral (one month after planting – m.a.p) and final surviral (43 months after planting), height, stem diameter and stem height/diameter ratio at the time of planting, one month after planting and half-year up to 43 months after planting as well as the periodic annual increment in height and diameter stem at the end of the evaluations (43 m.a.p) were evaluated. For M. ilicifolia, the number of leaves were also evaluated half-year up to 25 m.a.p. and the number of branches from the base to 43 m.a.p. Survival rates in the field were high for both species. For M. ilicifolia, T1, T2 (T. asperelloides) strains and T10 (T. virens) strain do not show residual effect of the application on the growth of M. ilicifolia under field conditions; The vermicompost has a residual effect on the height variable of M. ilicifolia at 43 months after planting; Substrates composed of T40, T50 and T60 proportions are suitable to stimulate the initial growth of seedlings; The reproductive phenology decreases increment in the plant height and stem diameter of the M. ilicifolia; The flowering activity index has increased more significantly than the fruiting activity index over the years, but still insufficient to infer on the action of biostimulants. Studies that assess the floral typology of each individual can be useful for a better understanding of reproductive dynamics. For B. forficata, T1 and T2 (T. asperelloides) strains, T13 and T133 (T. harzianum) strains and the use of vermicompost in the composition of substrates promote the initial growth in height and stem diameter of B. forficata seedlings; residual effects of the application of Trichoderma spp. and vermicompost in the production of seedlings are effective in a period corresponding to the transposition to field planting (330 days after sowing); The ecological characteristics of the species influence the vegetative growth.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between self-reported gingival bleeding, social determinants of health and oral health-related quality of life in a population of Brazilian adults and elderly. For this purpose, the ELSI-Brasil database – Longitudinal Study of the Health of the Elderly in Brazil – was used. Self-reported gengival bleeding was measured using the question "Do your gum currently bleed?" with options of answers dichotomized in “yes” or “no”. The quality of life variable was verified by the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance as a categorical variable, dichotomized into “no impact”, for those who answered no to all questions and “has an impact on their oral health-related quality of life”, for those who answered yes to at least one question. The analysis of the social determinants of health was based on the model suggested by Peres and contributors in 2019, formed by three large blocks of determinants. Sex, education, skin color, age, wealth index, depression, life satisfaction, trust in the neighborhood, use of toothbrush and dental floss, smoking, dental services, diabetes and number of teeth were analyzed. At first, the association between self-reported gingival bleeding as an outcome and associated factors was evaluated. Next, the relationship between oral healthrelated quality of life as an outcome and self-reported gingival bleeding exposure was sought. Of the 6,114 individuals included in this study, the prevalence of self-reported gingival bleeding was 10,4%. There was an independent association with self-reported gingival bleeding and psychosocial variables such as depression, dissatisfaction with life, lack of trust in neighbors and smoking. It is also observed that there was a lower perception of gingival bleeding in the olders. Individuals aged 60-69 years, 70-79 years and over 80 years had, respectively, 27%, 55% and 71% lower prevalence of reporting gingival bleeding than those between 50-59 years old. Regarding oral health-related quality of life, the prevalence was 46.3%. Those who reported experiencing gingival bleeding had a higher prevalence of poor oral health-related quality of life (Reason for Prevalence: 1.10; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.02-1.18) than their peers, even after adjustment for all variables in the model. Therefore, psychosocial characteristics were strong associated with self-reported gingival bleeding. And individuals who report gingival bleeding had a poor quality of life than those who do not report gengival bleeding. The importance of public health actions that address the community, seeking to modify health inequities, is highlighted here.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Helosis brasiliensis (Balanophoraceae) is a parasitic plant, occurring in the south, southwest and northeast regions of Brazil, associated with the Atlantic Forest Biome. It is found on rocky soils close to streams and in transitional forests, in humid places, with little sunlight and with availability of organic matter. It is popularly known as the spike-of-dragon, and is characterized by being a holoparasitic geophyte herb, with an underground vegetative body, which is attached to the host plant. It has a rhizomatous structure and does not have leaves and roots. Its inflorescence, about 5-10 cm, appears in a short period when the climate is favorable for its emergence. In the literature we find few morphological and molecular studies involving the species. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of Helosis brasiliensis from Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to identify the species that can be parasitized by it. Four populations of H. brasiliensis were collected in the municipalities of Silveira Martins, Passa Sete, Candelária and Teutônia, totaling 52 individuals. At the Plant Genetics laboratory, total DNA extractions were performed, followed by PCR reactions using two types of molecular markers for the evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure: the nuclear ribosomal spacer ITS and ISSR. The amplified samples for the ITS region were sequenced and analyzed in Clustal X, MEGA, Structure X and GenAlEx software. Samples amplified with ISSR were visualized on an agarose gel and analyzed in GenAlEx and Structure X software. Samples of photosynthetic tree and shrub plant species were also collected within a radius of 3 meters from the populations of H. brasiliensis for further taxonomic identification of the species. potentially parasitized, in addition to some roots that were close to the individuals of Helosis. Genetic diversity indices were higher within populations than among populations. PCoA analysis revealed five genetic groups in the sampled populations. Individuals in the population of Teutônia divided into two groups. Overall, the species has moderate levels of genetic diversity (I: 0.529) and high polymorphism (89.42%). From the taxonomic analyses, we were able to report that the species under study has in its habitat 6 species from 6 families, namely: Gramineae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae and Sapindaceae, which were identified in more than one sampling site with a high probability of be hosts of the species in Rio Grande do Sul. It is concluded that H. brasiliensis has high genetic diversity in the populations analyzed. It was still not possible to determine which species are parasitized by Helosis brasiliensis in Rio Grande do Sul, but the results obtained so far suggest that the species can parasitize more than one species of forest plants.

This dissertation aims to elaborate two academic articles, weaving people management versus Professional and Technological Education, as well as: historicizing Professional and Technological Education in Brazil and Discussing through literature the epistemological currents in people management and Professional and Technological Education in Brazil Methodologically, the study is defined as bibliographic research. For this reason, we first approach the concept, then the characteristics and others more, until we get to the example, the attachments and the reference. The research was carried out in the virtual environment of the internet, in the following databases: LANTIDEX, BIREME and SCIELO, as well as in books, theses and dissertations. It is concluded that the perception of the aspects that involve the work of the people manager, combining them to the assumptions of Professional and Technological Education, is not a simple task. Different subjects involved, such as students, coordinators, teachers, make managers more and more seek tools and proposals to meet the numerous expectations generated in the process of improvement, training and qualification of these subjects.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Our research was interested in the great theme of "disasters". During the bibliographical survey, we decided to work with the teaching of the Shoah/Holocaust. The small number of works in the field of history teaching was not consistent with the importance of the theme. Through some legislative initiatives and with the approval and entry into force of the Common National Curricular Base (BNCC) we noticed that we should articulate the education by competences (and skills) with the theoretical perspective of historical consciousness and historical training of meaning of the historian Jörn Rüsen. The research problem consisted in the following question: how to approach the "skill-theme": extermination practices in the classroom, by means of a didactic sequence? Our objective was to elaborate a product that could articulate the theoretical assumptions of history teaching, with a reasonable foundation in historiography and the delineation of feasible dynamics to be carried out in the classroom. For this problematization of sensitive issues we sought more theoretical contributions in the so-called "burdening history". The work was based on bibliographical research, including searches of the dissertation and thesis databases of CAPES, IBICT and ProfHistoria, as well as articles published in periodicals. A documental research was also made, related to the current legislations, curricular documents, etc. The didactic sequence entitled "Shoah/Holocaust in perspective" was developed from an activity provided by the United States Holocaust Monument Museum (USHMM), following the guidelines of the entity itself. As results we believe to have contributed with the provision of an educational product with open license and able to be adapted and modified to different realities and contexts.

The thesis presents an approach to evaluate techniques in Grid-Tied Converters using Test-Driven Design (TDD). It is done a review of the existent semiconductors in the market to produce and manufacture Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) in its electronic and losses aspects. Also, is proposed a series of metrics from standards to certify Grid- Tied Converters, and a model to obtain the switching losses characteristic curve of these semiconductors. To cover a significant amount of configurations the TDD was applied to develop, verify and validate modulation strategies for two and three-level converters. With TDD is possible to automate Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) tests using the Python language, the pytest framework, and the TyphoonTest IDE tool to interface the schematics and the tests developed to evaluate the simulation scenarios setup. The introduction of TDD brought a new way to approach projects in power electronics, abling the insertion of many simulation scenarios in an automatic shape with a self-documented report that makes easier the analysis of all test results, and allowing the developers a bigger design coverage to be deployed in the market.

The Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) is an important systemic protection method used to prevent the electrical system from collapsing when the available generation is less than the load demanded. Traditionally, UFLS methods measure frequency and voltage via underfrequency and undervoltage relays. In the violation of operating limits, previously established loads are shed until the frequency returns to normal operating values. However, the low rotating inertia of the electrical system requires a fast load shedding in order to meet stability requirements. In some electrical systems it has been identified in the case of opening a transmission line upstream of a substation, the UFLS scheme can operate improperly, due to the influence of the inertia of the induction motors present in the distribution feeders. This work proposes the use of negative sequence voltage, frequency and its rate of change as variables applied in machine learning methods to, thus, allow faster UFLS (high reliability) without unwanted operation (high security). Logistic regression, quadratic discriminant analysis, linear discriminant analysis and linear discriminant analysis as dimensionality reducer are used, all being evaluated through simulations performed in the modified 9-bus test system. The results show that the logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis methods were able to block the improper performance of the UFLS protection with a high precision, while the quadratic discriminant analysis and the linear discriminant analysis as dimensionality reducer did not show satisfactory performance.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES